英语周报高中英语 Unit3 Amazing people Grammar and usage课件 牛津译林版必修2.ppt

unit3amazingpeople pastperfecttense presentperfectorpastperfect grammarandusage hongkong tochinain1997 returned warmup macao tochinain1999 returned hongkong tochinabeforemacaocamebacktochina hadreturned thesimplepasttensetalksaboutapastaction whensomethinghappensatanevenearliertimeinthepast weusethepastperfecttense pastperfecttense haddone present past buildagarden cleanthehouse i thehousebeforei agarden hadcleaned built friday thefollowingiswhatididlastweek moreexamplesofthepastperfecttense 1 whenwegottothestation thetrainhadleft 2 bytheendoflastyear mybrotherhadbeenasoldierfor10years 3 beforetonywenttowork hehadfinishedreadingthenovel 4 notuntil10yearslaterdidsheknow thediamondshehadborrowedwasjustmadeofglass 主语 had 过去分词 肯定式 主语 had not 过去分词 否定式 had 主语 过去分词 疑问式 主语 hadbeen 过去分词 被动语态 e g wehadnotheardfromhimsincewelefthere 自从我们离开以来一直没有收到他的来信 pastperfecttense 1 在told said knew heard thought等动词后的宾语从句 e g shesaid that shehadneverbeentoparis 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎 2 状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中 发生在先 用过去完成时 发生在后 用一般过去时 e g whenthepolicearrived thethieveshadrunaway 警察到达时 小偷们早跑了 3 表示意向的动词 如hope wish expect think intend mean suppose等 用过去完成时表示 原本 未能 e g wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome butyoudidn t 那时我们希望你能来 但是你没有来 4 在by bytheend bythetime until before since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句 e g bytheendoflastyear wehadproduced20 000cars 到去年年底 我们已经生产20 000辆车 thetrainhadleftbeforewereachedthestation 我们到达车站的时候火车已经离开了 5 表示 一 就 的几个句型 hardlyhad 主语 过去分词 when 一般过去时nosoonerhad 主语 过去分词 than 一般过去时scarcelyhad 主语 过去分词 before 一般过去时e g nosoonerhadwebeenseatedthanthebusstarted 我们一坐下 车就开了 典型考题 thestudents busilywhenmissbrownwenttogetabookshe intheoffice a hadwritten leftb werewriting hasleftc hadwritten hadleftd werewriting hadleft 答案d 把书忘在办公室 发生在 去取书 这一过去的动作之前 因此 忘了书 这一动作发生在过去的过去 用过去完成时 句中when表示的是时间的一点 表示在 同学们正忙于 这一背景下 when所引导的动作发生 因此前一句应用过去进行时 1 thenewsisnosurprisetome i forsometimethatthefactoryisgoingtoshutdown a hadknownb knowc haveknownd knew 过去完成时不能孤立使用 它必须以过去某一时间为基点 即 过去的过去 因此只有在和过去某时或动作相比较时才用到它 2 johnandi friendsforeightyears wefirstgottoknoweachotheratachristmasparty butwe eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat a hadbeen haveseenb havebeen haveseenc hadbeen hadseend havebeen hadseen 3 我原打算来的 但太忙了 mean ihadmeanttocome butiwastoobusy hadmeant planned intendedtodo 表示过去未曾实现的愿望 打算 想法等 ameliaearhart thefirstwomanpilottoflyacrosstheatlantic 生于1897年7月24日 1937年7月2日失踪 1939年1月5日被宣布逝世 ameliaearhartwasbornon24july1897 shehadanexcitingchildhood beforeshemovedtodesmoines she already herfirstairplane she tochicago sixyearslater sheworkedasanurseinthefirstworldwarandbecameinterestedinflying she already flyinglessonsbeforesheboughtherfirstplane had seen had moved taken thenherinterestinflyingreallybegantogrow in1929 sheorganizedanairraceforwomen ayearearlier she thefirstwomanairpassengertoflyacrosstheatlantic hadbecome shemarriedgeorgeputnamin1931 they threeyearsbeforewhenheinterviewedherinnewyork in1932 shebecamethefirstwomantoflyaloneacrosstheatlantic hadmet on1june1937 she herround the worldflight theflightwentwellinjune shereachednewguineaonthe29th she flyingnearlyamonthearlier whenthebasetriedtocontactameliaat9 30p m on2july1937 she already missing started hadstarted had gone whenthetitanicwasbuilt peopleassumeditwouldneversink so whenitsankonitsfirstjourney thenews 1 surprise everyonegreatly thetitanicwasbuiltinbelfast ireland itsmakers 2 spend agreatdealofmoneybuildingtheextraordinaryship surprised spent whenitwasfinished itwasthelargestandmostcomfortableshipeverbuilt thetitanicsetsailon10april1921 i 3 want tosetfootonthetitaniceversinceitwasbuilt saidmollybrown atitanicsurvivor ineverimagineditwouldsink hadwanted on13april thetitanicwassailingatfullspeedtowardsnewyork thecaptain who 4 receive warningsabouticebergsallday hadmissedthewarningsasthey 5 arrive hadreceived arrived at2 20a m thetitanicsankintothesea it 6 hit anicebergjustovertwohoursbefore ofthe2 208peopleaboardtheship only705 7 survive explorerrobertballard 8 search forthetitanicformorethan20yearbeforehefoundit hadhit hadsearched survived whennewtechnologywasdeveloped we 9 use ittosendcamerasdownintosea finally wefoundtheship withhiscameras hewasabletofindtheholealongthesideoftheshipwhich 10 cause ittofillwithwaterandsink hadcaused used thepresentperfecttenseisusedwhenwearetalkingaboutapasteventwhichrelatestothepresenttime thepastperfecttenseisusedwhenwearediscussingthepastandwanttotalkaboutanevenearlierevent presentperfectorpastperfect cailunisafamouschineseinventor knownforinventingpaper caiinventedpaperinad105 but 1 manytimesatfirst beforehisinventionworked cai 2 manydifferentpartsoftreesandplantstomake theinventorofpaper heartrycatchfailshow hadfailed hadtried paper evenoldfishingnets aftercaiinventedpaper peoplealloverchinausedit atthattime however noone 3 ofcaiorpaperinthewest paperwasspreadtothewestthroughthearabs wholearnthowtomakepaperinad751 hadheard they 4 severalchinesepapermakersduringawar whothentoldthemaboutcai sinvention oncethepapermakers 5 peoplehowtomakepaper itcameintowidespreaduseallovertheworld hadshown hadcaught 1 现在完成时表示发生在过去但对现在有影响的动作 e g 你听说过林则徐的故事吗 haveyouheardaboutthestoryoflinzexu summary 2 表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在 可能还会继续下去 的动作 常用于延续性动词 多带有延续性时间状语 如 since forthreeweeks sofar inrecentyears等 e g 这座房子已闲置好多年 thehousehasbeenemptyformanyyears 3 表示将来 用于时间 条件等从句中 e g 我一完成工作就和你一起去 i llgowithyouassoonasihavefinishedmywork 注意 终止性动词一般不与延续性时间状语连用 所以有些句子在汉语中成立 在英语中则要适当变通 如 他参军已经三年了 不能翻译成 hehasjoinedthearmyforthreeyears 但可变通为 hehasbeenasoldier inthearmyforthreeyears hejoinedthearmythreeyearsago 但是终止性动词的否定式则可以用于完成时 如 wehaven tseeneachotherforalongtime 在 thisisthefirst second timethat 句型中 从句谓语常用现在完成时 e g 这是我第三次来这里 thisisthethirdtimethatihavebeenhere 副词before常与现在完成时连用 e g haveyouevermethimbefore 你以前见过他吗 1 tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguests whenhe attheparty a left hadarrivedb left arrivedc hadleft hadarrivedd hadleft arrived 2 we fourthousandnewwordsbytheendoflastyear a hadlearnedb havelearnedc learnedd willhavelearned 3 whenmarkopenedthedoor hesawawomanstandingthere he herbefore a neversawb hadneverseenc neverseesd hasneverseen 4 ican tseeanycoffeeinthiscupboard a hasitallbeenfinishedb wasitallfinishedc hasitallfinishedd diditallfinished 5 mysisterthreetimestodaybutherlinewasalwaysbusy a i dphonedb i vebeenphoningc i vephonedd iwasphoning 6 thewindowisdirty iknow it forweeks a hasn tcleanedb didn tcleanc wasn tcleanedd hasn tbeencleaned 7 thefirstuseofatomicweaponswasin1945 andtheirpower increasedenormouslyeversin