定语从句的归纳总结

Module2Unit1CulturalRelicsGrammar Unit1CulturalRelics Ac relicisoftensomethingoldthatremindsusofthepast Bothparentswerekilledbytheearthquake butthechildrens Thatdictionaryb tothelibraryisofgreatusefortheEnglishbeginners TheGreatWallofChinaispubliclyrecognizedasoneofthew oftheworld 5 W bridgesarenotstrongerthanstoneones 6 TheNewYearhereisoftenc withadanceparty 7 Therobberwhokilledashopownerwillbeont nextweek 8 Hep tobereadinganimportantpaperwhenthebossentered 9 Thet dugoutoftheearthwasaboxofgoldcoins 10 Canyoushowmeanye foryourstatement 陈述 1 cultural2 survived3 belonging4 wonders5 Wooden6 celebrated7 trial8 pretended9 treasure10 evidence I Revision 1 完成句子1 她坚持说她听到屋里有人 Sheinsistedthat inthehouse 2 你对这位新老师的印相如何 ofthenewteacker 3 这对我们是否有好处 还有等着看 Whetheritwilldousgood 4 国家元首在政治中起关键作用 The akeyroleinpolitics 5 他门在与邻国作战 Theyare theirneighbouringcountry sheheardsomeone What syouropinion remainstobeseen headofstateplayed atwarwith 2 句型转换6 Whattheteacheradvisedustodowasofgreatvalue Whattheteacheradvisedustodowas 7 Thetwolivingroomsareequalinsize Thetwolivingroomsare thesame 8 Iplannedtoaskmyassistanttowritethereport Iplannedto thereport bymyassistant 9 Wedon thaveanydoubtthatourtabletennisteamwillwinthefirstplace isno thatourtabletennisteamwillwinthefirstplace 10 Thetheoryprovedtobetrue canbe thatthetheorywastrue very valuable ofsize have getwritten Theredoubt Itproved 一 定语从句的定义 用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 antecedent 定语从句一般是由关系代词或关系副词来引导的 相当于名词和形容词的作用 eg 1 DoyouknowthemanwhocametoseeXiaoYangthismorning 2 ThedayisnotfaroffwhenwewillmakeatriptoBritain 定语从句归纳总结 二 关系代词和关系副词的作用 1 引导作用2 替代作用3 在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用eg 1 Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere 2 Thisisthehousewherehewasborn 3 Bill whowashereyesterday askedmealotofquestions 三 关系代词 who whom which that whose 的指代关系 主语宾语 宾语 主语宾语 主语宾语 定语 Eg 1 Heissuchamanwhonevertellsalie 2 Heisthemodelworkerwhom whoweshouldlearnfrom 3 Adictionaryisabookwhichoftenhelpsustoknowthemeaningsofthewords 4 ThisisthefilmwhichIlikebest 5 Theboywhosefatherisaprofessorisoneofmybestfriends 6 Thehousewhoseroofwasblownawaybythestormwillberebuiltsoon 四 关系代词which和that的区别 A 关系代词必须用that的情形 1 当先行词被形容词的最高级所修饰ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen 2 当先行词被序数词修饰ThefirstcarthatarrivedatthedestinationwasdrivenbyJohn 3 当先行词被theonly thevery等修饰ThisistheonlyticketthatIgotyesterday ThisistheverybookthatI mlookingfor 4 当先行词为不定代词时或被不定代词修饰时IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou Allthatyouhavetodoistopressthebutton Thereisnotimethatwecanwaste 5 当先行词既指人又指物时Thecaranditsdriverthatknockeddowntheoldladyhavebeentakentothepolicestation B 指物时 作介词的宾语 关系代词只能用whichThisisthequestionaboutwhichwe vehadsomuchdiscussion 五 关系副词when where why的用法 关系副词都等于一个适当的介词 which 在从句中作状语When in at on which Where in at on which Why for which 1 Doyoustillrememberthedaywhen onwhich wewenttovisitthemuseumtogether 2 Thisisthefactorywhere inwhich myfatheronceworked 3 Thisisthereasonwhy forwhich hewaslate 六 as引导定语从句 多与such和thesame连用 在从句中作主语或宾语 1 Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays 2 Let sdiscussonlysuchquestionsasconcerneveryoneofus 3 Wouldyoupleasebuymethesamenovelasyouboughtforbrotheryesterday Mum 4 Asweallknow Johnisanhonestman 比较 SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMarry swedding 七 注意事项 1 关系代词和关系副词在定从中的不同成分a Thisistheplacewhereheworks Thisistheplacewhich that wevisitedlastyear b Thatwasthetimewhenhearrived Doyoustillrememberthedaysthat which wespenttogether c Thisisthereasonwhyhewent Thereasonthat which hegaveuswasquitereasonable 2 关系代词放在介词后面 只能用which或whoma Thisistheboywithwhomheworked b Thisistheboywhomheworkedwith c Thisistheboywhoheworkedwith d Thisistheboyheworkedwith e Thehousewhereweliveisnotlarge f Thehouseinwhichweliveisnotlarge g Thehousewhichweliveinisnotlarge h Thehouseweliveinisnotlarge 八 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 1 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语 如果去掉 主句的意思就不完整或失去意义 这种从句和主句的关系十分密切 写时不用逗号分开 限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略 如 a Whatisthenameofthetallwomanwhoisstandingthere 站在那边的那个女人叫什么名字 b Torontoisacity that I vealwayswantedtovisit 多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市 c Thewoman that whom who Ispoketojustnowisournewhead 刚才和她说话的那位是我们新来的负责人 d October1 1949wasthedaywhenthePeople sRepublicofChinawasfounded 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子 2 非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切 只是对先行词作些附加的说明 如果去掉 主句的意思仍然清楚 这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开 一般不用that引导 非限制性定语从句中 关系词不可省略 如 a Rome whichisthecapitalofItaly hasaverylonghistory 意大利的首都罗马历史非常悠久 b YesterdayImetProfessorKing whocamefromtheUniversityofLondon 昨天我遇见金教授 他从伦敦大学来的 c Helentmeadictionary whichwasjustwhatIneeded 他借给我一本词典 这正是我所需要的 3 大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语 而特殊场合非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句 此时非限制性定语从句常由which引导 eg Amiddle agedwomankilledherhusband whichfrightenedmeverymuch 一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫 这事令我十分恐惧 析 从语境可知 令我恐惧的内容应为中年女子杀害了其丈夫这整个一件事 因此先行词为整个主句 此时应由which引导定语从句 eg Afive year oldboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages whichsurprisesallthepeoplepresent 一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语 令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶 析 从语境可知 令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语这整个一件事 因此先行词为整个主句 此时应由which引导非限制性定语从句 4 关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替whom 但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who来代替 eg ThisisthegirlwhomImetinthestreet 这是我在街上遇到的女孩 先行词thegirl在限制性定语从句中作宾语 可用who代替whom eg Ayoungmanhadanewgirlfriend whomhewantedtoimpress 一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友 他想给她留下深刻印象 先行词anewgirlfriend在非限制性定语从句中作宾语 不可用who代替whom 5 比较 a Shehastwobrotherswhoareworkinginthecity Shehasmorethantwobroth