Unit 2 Language.doc

Unit 2 Language1. Welcome to the unit中国式英语：生活中的Chinglish(中式英语)1. How are you? How old are you ? 怎么是你？怎么老是你？2. You have seed. I will give you some color to see. Brothers! Together up!你有种，我要给你点颜色瞧瞧，兄弟们，一起上！3. Dragon born dragon, chicken born chicken, mouses son can make hole!龙生龙，凤生凤，老鼠的儿子会打洞！4. Four Glad Meatballs. 四喜丸子。5. Wash after relief! 用过请冲水！6. You ask me, me ask who? 你问我，我问谁？7. Heart flower angry open。心花怒放。8. One car come, one car go, two car pengpeng, one car died! (关于一场车祸的描述)9. Horse horse tiger tiger. 马马虎虎。10. Good good study, day day up. 好好学习，天天向上。课文全解1. Language, in a broad sense, is the way information is expressed. 从广义上来说，语言是表达信息的一种方式。 句中broad为形容词，有“宽的；广泛的”之意；还意为“广博的；丰富的；粗略的；概括的；一般的；广义的；辽阔的；广袤的”。 We went along a broad carpeted passage.我们沿着一条铺者地毯的宽阔走廊走了过去。 She has a very broad range of interests.她兴趣非常广泛。 This is education in the broadest sense of the word.这是从最广泛的字义上说的教育。 拓展： broaden v.使扩大；使增加 broaden ones mind 使某人思想开阔 broadly adv. 大体上来说；总体来说 broad-minded adj. 气量大的；心胸开阔的 broad smile 开怀大笑妙辨异词：broad 与 wide 两者都有“宽的”意思，经常可以互换。broad 着重指幅面的宽广，此外，还可以指背、肩、胸等的宽阔。wide 着重指从一边到另一边的距离，此外还可指口、眼睛的“大”。2. Look at the following pictures and talk about the various forms of language.看下面的图片并谈论各种语言的形式。 various 在句中是形容词，“各种各样的；不同的”。 Different customs are used in various times.在不同的时代有不同的风俗。 Tents are in various shapes and sizes.帐篷有各种各样的形状和尺寸。 拓展： vary v. 不同；变化；改变 variety n. (同一事物的)不同种类；多种样式 variable adj. 多变的；易变的；变化无常的 a variety of = varieties of = various 种类繁多的 例题追踪： More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a great _ of goods. A. variety B. mixture C. extension D. combination3. This stands for a big smile. 这代表大笑。 句中stand for 意为“代表，象征”。 If you didnt agree, then what did your nodding stand for?如果你不同意，那么你点头又代表什么呢？ What do the letters UN stand for? 字母UN代表什么？4. Bees fly in circles to inform their partners about food or danger. 蜜蜂通过绕圈飞行来向它们的同伴传递食物或者危险的信息。 inform 是动词，意为“通知，告知”。常构成短语 inform sb. of sth.”告知某人某事”。 Please inform us of any change of address as possible. 地址变动时，请尽早通知我们。 I informed her mother of her safe arrival immediately. 我立即告诉她的母亲，她平安地到达了。拓展：information n. 信息informed adj. 明智的，有知识的；了解情况的We have no information about where she has gone. 关于她去了什么地方我们一点消息也没有。He was informed about the event. 他被告知了这件事情。归纳总结：和 inform sb. of sth. 结构相似的词组有：accuse sb. of sth. 指控某人某事rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物remind sb. of sth. 使某人记起某事cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人/ 矫正某人convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事suspect sb. of sth. 怀疑某人某事warn sb. of sth. 警告或提醒某人某事例题追踪：The manager promised to keep me _ of how our business was going on. A. to be informed B. on informing C. informed D. informing5. All creatures, including animals and insects, can talk! 所有的生物，包括动物和昆虫，都能够“讲话”！ include 在句中是及物动词，有“包含；包括”之意，后面一般接名词、代词、动名词。 The group includes two teachers and twenty students. 这个组包括两个老师和二十个学生。 Your duties will include putting the children to bed. 你的职责包括让孩子们上床睡觉。拓展：including prep. 包括included adj. 包括在内的Five teachers witnessed the traffic accident, including Liu Min. = Five teachers witnessed the traffic accident, Liu Min included. 五个老师目击了这一交通事故，其中包括刘民。妙辨异词：include 与 containinclude 作“包括”讲，其后的宾语只是整体的一部分。contains 作“包括“讲，着重指其中容纳或装载的量或包含在内的成分。This drink doesnt contain any alcohol. 这种饮料不含任何酒精。Does the price include tax? 这个价格是否包括税款？例题追踪：Little Johnny felt the bag, curious to know what it _. A. collected B. contained C. loaded D. saved千锤百炼：一、用include, including, included, contain 的适当形式填空1. Does the price _ tax?2. Three people died in this car accident, two children _.3. This book _ a lot of photos.4. This kind of vegetable _ much vitamin.5. This atlas (地图集) _ maps, _ 6 of South America.二、单项选择1._ apple fell from the tree and hit him on _ head. A. An; the B. The; the C. An; D. The; /2. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rather cold sometimes. A. must B. can C. should D. would3. As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about _ he will do. A. what B. which C. whom D. that4. Many companies have already begun reforming _ they do business. A. the way which B. the way at which C. the way D. the way to which5. I _ that he is cleverer than I am. A. recognize B. organize C. unite D. support6. Three doctors _ the office. A. share B. use C. prepare D. offer7. The children gathered round _. A. in a line B. in a queue C. in a row D. in a circle8. The educational _ of the west were also introduced. A. methods B. means C. way D. usage9. He _ to be there, but he sat there calmly as if nothing _. A. happened; had happened B. happened; had been happened C. happen; was happened D. happened; was happening10. A thief is _ to society. A. a surprise B. a failure C. a danger D. a difficulty11. A zoo-keeper has to have a _ knowledge of the animal kingdom. A. wide B. widely C. board D. broad12. He talked about _ things. A. variety B. variously C. various D. vary13. You two girls _ places. A. exchange B. are exchanged C. change D. are changed14. -Why havent you bought any butter? - I _ to but I forgot about it. A. liked B. wished C. meant D. expected15. Many young people in the West are expected to leave _ could be lifes most important decision - marriage almost entirely up to luck. A. as B. that C. which D. what2. ReadingA Read the article quickly and answer these questions. 1. What is the article about? 2. What are the three kinds of English discussed in the article? 3. In what way is English still changing?B The passage below are from a book about the history of different languages. Read about how English developed and why it has some strange rules. English and its historyAll through history, people from many different countries and cultures have lived together in Britain. The English language is made up of the grammar and vocabulary these people brought to Britain. That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuses people. Old EnglishOld English is very different from the English we speak nowadays. In fact, we would not be able to understand it if we heard it today. Before the middle of the 5th century, people in Britain all spoke a language called Celtic. Then two Germanic groups from the European mainland - the Angles and the Saxons - occupied Britain. Old English consisted of a mixture of their languages. (Both the English language and the English people are named after the Angles; the word Angle was spelt Engle in Old English.) aside from place names such as London, very few Celtic words became part of Old English. At the end of the 9th century, the Vikings, people from Northern European countries such as Denmark and Norway, began to move to Britain. They brought with them their languages, which also mixed with Old English. By the 10th century, Old English had become the official language of England.When we speak English today, we sometimes feel puzzled about which words or phrases to use. This is because English has many words and phrases from different languages, but with similar meanings. For example, the word sick came from a word once used by the Angles and the Saxons, while ill came from a word once used by the Norwegians. Middle EnglishMiddle English is the name given to the English used from around the 12th to the 15th centuries. Many things played a part in the development of this new type of English. The most important contribution was from the Normans, a French-speaking people who defeated England and took control of the country in 1066. However, the Norman Conquest did not affect English as much as the Angles and the Saxons victory about 600 years earlier, which led to Old English replacing Geltic. Even though the Normans spoke French for the entire 250 years they ruled England, French did not replace English as the first language. On the other hand, the English language did borrow many words from French. This resulted in even more words with similar meanings, such as answer (from Old English) and reply (from Old French). It is interesting to learn how the words for animals and meat developed. After the Norman Conquest, many English people worked as servants who raised animals. Therefore, the words we use for most animals raised for food, such as cow, sheep and pig, come from Old English. However, the words for the meat of these animals, which was served to the Normans, came from Old French: beef, mutton, park and bacon.Old French made other contributions to Middle English as well. In Old English, the Germanic way of making words plural was used. For example, they said housen instead of houses, and shoen instead of shoes. After the Normans took control, they began using the French way of making plurals, adding an s to house and shoe. Only a few words kept their Germanic plurals forms, such as man/men and child/children.After the Norman Conquest, high-class people spoke French while common people spoke English. However, by the latter of the 14th century, English had come into widespread use among all classes in England. In 1399, Henry became King of England. His mother tongue was English, and he used English for all official events. Modern EnglishModern English appeared during the renaissance in the 16th century. Because of this, Modern English includes many Latin and Greek words. Pronunciation also went through huge changes during this period. Of course, this was not the end of the changes in the English language. The question of whether English will keep on changing in the future is easy to answer. It is certain that this process will continue, and people will keep inventing new words and new ways of saying things.Reading strategy: reading a history articleWhat you have read is a typical history article. When you read a history article, you will notice dates and years in the text, e.g. the 5th century and 1066. Recognizing these details will help you understand the order of events and how pieces of information relate to the rest of the text. Next time you read a history article, it is a good idea to make a time chart, listing important information, such as times, places and events in the article.C1 Fill in the blanks with the following dates from the article. 1. Before the middle of the _, people in Britain did not speak English.2. Modern English began to develop in the _.3. Almost everyone in England began to speak Middle English in the _.4. At the end of the _, Norwegian words began to be used in the English language.5. The Normans occupied England in _.6. By the _, people in England used Old English as the official language.C2 Answer the following questions using the information from the article.1. Why does the English language have so many rules that confuse people?2. Where did the word English come from?3. Why can words with similar meanings be found in the English language?4. Who made the greatest contribution to the different from those for meat in English?E The following article explains why American is different from British English. Complete it by filling in the blanks with words from the box. One big difference between British and American English is in (1) _. For example, the British use the word autumn while the Americans use the word fall. In this case, the older word is autumn. However, about four hundred years ago, the word autumn was (2) _ with fall. Later, the British returned to autumn, while the Americans still use fall. Of course, people from many different countries came to America and made their (3) _ to American English. Indeed, in American English there are words from every major (4) _ spoken on Earth. Many of these words are absent in British English. Another big distinction between American and British English is spelling. After the Americans (5) _ the British in 1781 and gained independence, they wanted to make the spelling of English words simpler. (6) _, Americans write color instead of colour. Finally, the pronunciations and accents are different. Both countries have slowly changed the way they say the same words, but in different ways. This (7) _ is continuing even today.F Discuss these questions with a partner. Use the following conversation as an example. Languages borrow words from each other. Do you know any Chinese words that come from English? Yes, there are quite a few, for example, katong from cartoon and hanbaobao from hamburger. We have given many words and phrases to other languages too. You are right, I know that many Japanese words came from Chinese. And you can find some words and phrases in English that came from Chinese too, such as typhoon, tai chi and face 1 Can you give some examples of Chinese words and phrases that came from other languages? 2 Do you think that it is possible for Chinese to become the most popular international language some day? Why or why not?课文全解1. In what way is English still changing? 英语仍在以什么方式变化？ In what way “以什么方式”, way 在本句中是名词“方式，方法，途径”之意。 I told you we should have done it in my way. 我告诉过你们我们应该用我的方法来做这事。 I hate the way he always praises me. 我讨厌他一直表扬我的那种方式。归纳总结：关于way的常见短语：in a/one way 在某种程度上，有点in any way 在任何方面in no way 怎么也不，绝不in the/ones way 碍事，妨碍make way 让路，开路make ones way 前进lead the way 带路，领路all the way 一路上，从远道，从头至尾In one way it is one of our biggest mistakes. 从某种意义上来说这是我们所犯的最大错误之一。She was in no way to blame. 不应该责备她。Everything goes well all the way. 路上一切都很顺利。With a local person leading the way, we had no difficulty finding the temple. 有了当地人引路，我们毫不费力地找到了那座寺庙。例题追踪The _ you sign your name can tell experts a lot about you.A. choice B. way C. method D. means2. Read about how English developed and why it has some strange rules. 阅读英语是如何发展的以及为什么英语有一些奇怪的规则。 develop 在本句中是“发展“的意思。 Her friendship with Tom developed quickly. 她和汤姆的友谊发展神速。 The place has rapidly developed from a small fishing village into a modern city. 这个地方由一个小渔村迅速发展成为了一个现代化的城市。拓展develop 还有许多其他含义：He developed an interest in collecting stamps.他形成了集邮的兴趣。Can these films be developed by tomorrow noon?这些底片明天中午之前能冲洗出来吗？We should try to develop the western part of our country.我们应该大力开发我们国家的西部地区。Plants develop from seeds. 植物由种子生长而成。He developed a terrible cold the other days. 几天前他患了重感冒。例题追踪As the story _, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered.A. begins B. happens C. ends D. develops3. The English language is made up of the grammar and vocabulary these people brought to Britain. 英语就是由这些人带来的语法和词汇组成的。 （1）句中短语 be made up of “由组成/构成”之意。 The UK is made up of four countries. 英国是由四个国家组成的联合王国。 A car is made up of hundreds of parts. 一辆小汽车由几百个零件组成。归纳总结：be made 的短语小结 be made of 由制成的（能够看出其组成的原料） The dress is made of silk. 这件晚礼服是用丝绸做的。 be made from 由制成的（为化学变化，不能看出其组成的原料） Wine is usually made from fruit and grain. 酒通常是由水果和粮食制成的。 be made into 某物被制成（其主语为原材料，into后接成品） My mothers coat was made into my skirt. 我母亲的外套被改成了我的裙子。 be made in 在制造 That beautiful china is made in China. 那件漂亮的瓷器是在中国制造的。拓展make up 编造；虚构；组成；构成；补足；凑够；弥补；化妆；准备（床铺等）Sorry Im late; Ill make up the time this evening. 对不起，我迟到了。今晚我会把时间补上的。The actor made himself up for the part of an old man. 这个演员把自己化妆成一个老人的角色。He made up some excuses about the dog eating his meat. 他编造了一些狗吃了他的肉的借口。例题追踪：根据汉语意思完成句子。（1）这个医疗队由五个医生和五个护士组成。 This medical team _ _ _ _ five doctors and five nurses.（2）现代楼房主要由砖和水泥建成。 Modern buildings _ _ _ _ bricks and concrete.（3）这种纸是用草制成的。 This kind of paper _ _ _ _ grass.（4）木头可以制成许多家具。 Wood _ _ _ _ many kinds of furniture.(2) vocabulary 是可数名词，在文中意为（某一语言的）词汇，词汇量。Vocabulary 还可指某人掌握或使用的词汇、词汇量或教科书中词汇表。 When did the word child first enter the English language? child一词是何时进入英语词汇中的？ Reading will increase your vocabulary. 阅读会增加你的词汇量。4. Old English is very different from the English we speak nowadays. 古英语和现今我们说的英语完全不同。 nowadays 在句中是副词，“现今，现在，目前”之意。 Nowadays most kids prefer watching TV to reading. 现在大多数孩子都喜欢看电视而不喜欢读书。注意： Nowadays虽然以days结尾，但它是做副词，而不是名词，所以不要在其前误加in, at等介词。 现今我们觉得太空旅行没什么了不起的。 误：In nowadays we think nothing of space travel. 正：Nowadays we think nothing of space travel.归纳总结： nowadays作副词，表示“现在，如今”，由于词义的原因，通常与一般现在时连用，且多用于句首或句末做状语。从含义上看，该词往往具有与过去相比较的意味。 Nowadays children are much healthier. 现今孩子们比过去更健康。 Its easy to get into a university nowadays. 如今进大学读书很容易。 有时放在名词后作定语。试比较： Nowadays children have more pocket money. 如今，孩子们有更多的零用钱。 Children nowadays have more pocket money. 现在的孩子们有更多的零用钱。例题追踪： _, cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour. A. Now B. Nowadays C. Nowaday D. Recent5. Before the middle of the 5th century, people in Britain all spoke a language called Celtic. 公元前5世纪中叶前，生活在不列颠的人都说一种叫做凯尔特语的语言。 句中called Celt