英语人教版八年级下册Unit 10 Section A Grammar.doc

Unit 10 Section A (Grammar focus)教学目标 知识目标掌握现在完成时的用法能力目标 正确区分现在完成时与一般过去时正确运用for 和since的用法 情感目标正确处理并充分利用自己的废旧物品。教学重点与难点现在完成时的用法正确区分现在完成时与一般过去时正确运用for 和since的用法学情分析学生在本单元前两课时现在完成时的学习后，已经对这一时态中表示从过去一直延续到现在的动作和状态常与for或 since进行连用有了一定的掌握。但对于这一知识点还需要进一步强化。此外，瞬间动词转换延续性动词也是学生学习的一个难点。教学方法与手段让学生通过感知、体验、实践等方式学习本课内容。 学习过程 Step 1 Group work 出示下面的典型例句，让学生们先自己观察句子结构，对比现在完成时和一般过去时的不同。1. How long have you had that bike over there? 那边的那辆自行车你买了多长时间了？ Ive had it for three years. 我买了三年了。2. How long has his son owned the train and railway set? 他的儿子拥有这套轨道火车多长时间了？ Hes owned it since his fourth birthday. 自他四岁生日起，他就拥有了它。3. Have you ever played football? 你曾经踢过足球吗？ Yes, I did when I was little, but I havent played for a while now. 是的，当我很小时就踢过，但是现在我有好长一段时间没有踢了。Step 2 精讲点拨 现在完成时表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在(包括“现在”在内）的动作或状态，可以和表示延续的时间状语for或since 连用。如“for+时间段”、“since+过去时间点”、“since+过去时的从句”、“since+一段时间+ago”。且for与since引导的时间状语可以相互转换。 e.g. He has worked in this city for ten years.= He has worked in this city since ten year ago. 句中动词的特点此种用法中表示持续性的动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词（否定句除外）1. 这本书我买了5年了。 I have bought the bike for five years. ( ) Ive had the bike for five years. ( )2. 你朋友参军多长时间了？ How long has your friend joined the army? ( ) How long has your friend been in the army/been a soldier? ( )非延续性动词和延续性动词之间的转换1. 转换为相应的延续性动词，用于现在完成时。 borrow keep buy have put on wear catch a cold have a cold get to know know get to sleep sleep2. 转化为“be + 形容词/副词/介词/名词” begin / start be on go out be out close be closed open be open get to/arrive/reach be (in) die be dead leave be away finish be over fall sleep be asleep join be in/be a member of become be make friends be friends come/go be + 相应的介词短语Step 3 Exercises.Rewrite the sentences using for or since1. Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three years ago.Jim has been in Japan for three years.2. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago. They have been hungry for ten hours/since ten hours ago.3. I have a camera. I bought it in 2009. I have had a camera since 2009.4. I know Ann. I first met her three years ago. I have known Ann for th