生物医学B

Unit 2 Reading B,Protoplasm and Amino Acids,1. Understand the text and its structure 2. Learn special terms & vocabulary 3. Learn some relevant medical translation 4.Learn how to translate difficult sentences 5.Practice introducing medicine-related topics in English,Teaching Aims,Part I Introductionpara. 1Part II Protoplasmpara. 2-5Part III Amino Acids para. 6-8,Structure,Question:What does a physiologist have to know to understand the building materials of living things and the natural laws governing them?,Para. 1,Questioin:What does a physiologist have to know to understand the building materials of living things and the natural laws governing them?,Para. 1,Physiology(/,fzildi/; fromAncient Greek(physis), meaning “nature, origin”, and -(-logia), meaning “study of”) is the scientific study of function in living systems. This includes how organisms, systems, organs,cells, and bio-molecules carry out the chemical or physical functions that exist in a living system.,Para. 1 Physiology,TheVitruvian Manis a world-renowned drawing created byLeonardo da Vinci. It is one commonly associated with the science of physiology.,The highest honor awarded in physiology is theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, awarded since 1901 by theRoyal Swedish Academy of Sciences （瑞典皇家科学院 ）.,Para. 1 Physiology,A physiologic murmur(innocent murmur, functional murmur) is aheart murmurthat is primarily due to physiologic conditions outside the heart, as opposed to structural defects in the heart itself.,Para. 1 physiologic adj.,But to have an understanding of the building materials of living things and the natural laws governing them, a physiologist must also know the basic physics and chemistry of the nonliving world, as well as the biophysics and biochemistry of living structures.但是，要了解生命体的构成物质和它们的自然规律，生理学家在掌握与生命体相关的生物物理和生物化学知识的同时，还必须懂得与无生命体相关的基本物理和化学知识。,Para. 1 Translation,Its through such knowledge that we are able to . 正是通过掌握这些知识我们才能了解人体及其组成部分的正常功能和功能异常。Translate:1. 新的组织正是在每个小小的细胞中制造的。 It is within each small cell that new tissue is made. 2. 蛋白质的产生就是在细胞的原生质中进行的。 It is in the cell protoplasm that the production of protein takes place.,Para. 1,Paras. 2-4: biochemical and biophysical features Para. 5: physiological feautres,Protoplasm,S1. Perhaps the most interesting and bafflingis protoplasm, the component. S2. Living matters are made up of . S3. Nevertheless, to produce protoplasm in the lab. S4. Of the 100, only a relatively few, and those lighter ones, are important components of protoplasm. S5. Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen . S6. Calcium, sodium, potassium . S7. There are a number of others .,Paragraph 2,Of the 100 or so elements that have been found in nature, only a relatively few, and those the lighter ones, are important components of protoplasm. 在自然界已发现的大约100种元素中，只有少数几种，且质量较轻的元素，才是原生质的重要成分。,Para. 2 Translation,a trace amount: a very small amount, difficult to measure E.g. Thetraceamountof the virus on the mosquito is not sufficient to cause an infection.,Para. 2 in trace amounts,Question:Compared with carbohydrates and lipids, in what way are proteins different?,Para. 3,From these elements the compounds that are formed and are most important in the human organism include the proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. 由这些元素构成，在人体中起极为重要作用的化合物包括蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂类物质。,Para. 3,Question:Do the protein and the fat molecules in the protoplasm remain in a stable state?,Para. 4,Adj. having only one shape or form(uni- : one; single)E.g. Their internal temperatures are essentially uniform with the environment.,Para. 4 uniform,A mixture or compound; the result of composing,Para. 4 composition,a colloid suspension that has a continuous liquid phase in which tiny solid particles are suspended 溶胶,Para. 4 sol,agitate: v. 1. to move with a violent, irregular action; as, the wind agitates the sea; to agitate water in a vessel. 2. If somethingagitatesyou, it worries you and makes you unable to think clearly or calmly. e.g. The thought of them getting her possessions when she diesagitates her.,Para. 4 agitation,disturbance of mind which shows itself by physical excitementE.g. People who suffer from anxiety disorders typically struggle with difficult symptomssuch asagitation, feeling uptight, worry, and apprehension on a daily basis.,Para. 4 agitation,Such factors as the concentration of salts, pressure, agitation (shaking), as well as temperature variations cause changes back and forth between the sol state and the gel state within the protoplasm.多种因素会导致原生质内的物质在溶胶态和凝胶态间来回变化，如盐类浓度、压力、搅动（摇晃）以及温度变化。,Translation,Question:What are the characteristics of protoplasm mentioned in this paragraph?,Para. 5,If protoplasm could not reproduce, a man might eventually be without the outer layer of his skin, the cells of which must be continuously be replaced as a result of constant shedding.如果原生质无法繁殖，人体最终可能失去皮肤表层，因为由于不断脱落，皮肤表层的细胞必须不断更替。,Translation,Question:What are the two kinds of amino acids?,Para. 6,Question:Why is combining different foods in a meal benefitial to us?,Para. 7,Para. 8,Question:What is a mutation?,Para. 8,Non -essential is the term used to described those that. adequate in amount. (Para. 6)“非必需（即可有可无）氨基酸”是指在蛋白质提供足够的氮时，细胞就能大量合成以满足机体需要的氨基酸。,Sentence Translation,Even such a seeming