环境工程专业英语

环境科学与工程 专业英语 水资源与环境学院 郭华明 联系方式 010 82321366hmguo 重要性 读和看 了解国外研究现状写 发表高水平论文 SCI 听和说 跟国外专家面对面交流 学术会议 国外学习 一 专业英语基础 一 二 专业英语基础 二 三 专业英语阅读四 专业英语写作五 英文学术论文的发表六 英文研究申请的书写 内容 Experimentalandmodelingstudyofadsorption desorptionprocesseswithapplicationtoadeep wellinjectionradioactivewastedisposalsite JournalofContaminantHydrology 2 964 naturalattenuation 天然衰减 sorptionanddesorptionkinetics 吸附 解吸动力学 equilibrium 平衡 batchexperiments 静态实验 批实验 synthesizedgroundwater 人工配制的地下水 adsorptionhysteresis滞后作用radionuclide 放射性核素 irreversible 不可逆的 simultaneous 同时发生的 anomalous 不规则的 hypotheses 假设 mutualinterference 相互干扰 non monotonic 非单调的 roomtemperature 室温 atmosphericpressure 大气压 RemovalofArsenic III fromGroundwaterbyNanoscaleZero ValentIron EnvironmentalScienceandTechnology IF 5 257 Nanoscalezero valentiron纳米零价铁magnetite maghemite磁铁矿 磁赤铁矿lepidocrocite纤铁矿pseudo first orderrateexpression伪一级速率方程Freundlichadsorptionisotherm Freundlich吸附等温线 Integratedbiologicalandphysiochemicaltreatmentprocessfornitrateandfluorideremoval WaterResearch IF 4 655 sequencingbatchreactor定序间歇反应器denitrification反硝化作用defluoridation去氟 除氟 hydraulicretentiontimes HRT 水力停留时间powderedactivatedcarbon PAC 粉末活性碳alum PACslurry明矾 PAC污泥 一 专业英语基础 一 词和词法 1 描述性 investigate test examine carryout perform conduct increase decrease relationship changewith fit more less 2 分析性 indicate demonstrate illustrate imply speculate suggest show 1 动词 tobeabove beover begreaterthan exceed toaccountfor 占 toachieve attain obtain acquire get gain toaddress solve tobeaffected becontrolled bedetermined toaffect haveaneffect influence impact bearingon toassess evaluate estimate investigate tobetterdescribe betterunderstand tobeborderedby beboundedby tocalibrate verify validate test tocorrect revise modify tobecarriedout beperformed beconducted tochangewithtime varywithtime toincrease decreasewithtime tobecharacterizedby as tobeclassifiedas becategorizedas begroupedinto bedividedinto tocoincidewith becoincidentwith beconsistentwith beinagreementwith tocollect sample take gather tocompare to compare with incomparisonwith tobecomposedof consistof bemadeupof comprise form toconcentrateon focuson centeron placeone semphasison tobeconcernedwith dealwith toconclude drawconclusions cometoconclusions tocontact beincontactwith keepincontactwith tocorrespondto beincorrespondenceof with tocover occupy encompass tobedatedbackto betracedbackto todealwith copewith todecrease decline fall lower drop descend todelineate describe characterize provideaninsightinto tobedefinedas by beexpressedas bewrittenas todemonstrate indicate illustrate exhibit reveal imply show suggest todenote bedenotedas designate bedesignatedas todependon upon bedependenton upon beindependentof todevelop form produce todominate bedominated predominate bepredominated toexamine test investigate tobeexplainedby beinterpretedby toencounter happentomeet tofacetheproblem threat facts situation challengeof tofind observe notice note tofit match follow tofollow following inthefollowingyears intheyearsfollowed asfollows tobefound beobserved bethoughto bebelievedto beconsideredto beestimatedto beassumedto beexpectedto tofund financiallysupport tohaveaninfluence impact effect bearing on tohavehigh large low small concentrations contents of contain tobeheld kept maintainedconstant remainconstant toignore omit neglect benegligible toincrease rise raise ascend toinfiltrate penetrate percolate toinvolve beinvolvedin toissuetobeknownas beregardedas bereferredtoas beviewedas becalledas betermed bestatedas berecognizedas toliein besituatedin belocatedin tobelessknown beseldomexamined beunknown benotyetknown bebeyondofthescopeof benotfullyunderstood remaincontroversial unsolved open tobeanswered tomeettheconditions needs requirement goaloftomixwith minglewith benamedaftersomeone bearone sname tooccur bepresent takeplace exist appear emerge tooriginatefrom stemfrom tooverlie underlie toplottopostulate 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aboundaryofconstantheadaboundaryoffirsttypeaboundaryofno flowaboundaryofsecondtype case situation 情况 acasestudy acasestory 实例 achange variation fluctuation oscillation increase rise decrease fall reduction decline difference deteriorationin aslight steady linear gradual dramatic abrupt progressive steep sharp precipitous long termchangein characteristiclength coefficient line curve 特征长度 系数 直线 曲线 coefficient parameter component composition concentration content levelconcern ofparticular greatconcern It sofparticularconcernduetothechronictoxicityofarsenichydraulicconnections agoodhydraulicconnectionwith adirectcontactwithcorrelation correlationcoefficientdecay衰变 damp衰减 decayconstantdelay 滞后 edge rim brim brink periphery margin perimeter 周界 周边 emphasis focusexample forexample take asanexample beexemplifiedby figure graph illustration chart diagram 总称draft scheme sketch 草图 示意图 plate 挂图 map drawing 三维 二维图 line curve profile crosssection Flow steadyflow steady stateflow transientflow unsteadyflow unsteady stateflow non steadyflow flowfield flowdomain flowvelocity flowrate flownet flowofwaterfluctuation oscillationfracture 破裂 fissure 裂隙 joint 节理 crack 裂缝 rift 裂谷 Water groundwater groundwater groundwaters freshwatersalinewater saltwater salt water saltedwater seawater seawatergroundwaterexploitation withdrawal abstraction pumpage development productiongroundwaterover exploitation overdraft overpumpinggroundwaterresourcemanagement assessment investigation survey study research analysis experiment kind type sort category species class genuslackof intheabsenceof withtheexistenceofsolidline dashedline brokenline dottedline 虚线 location site spotmatch fit model simulation modelingmovementtoward advanceinto intrusioninto migrationinto landwardmovement tomoveinland tomoveseawardnature feature characteristic property trait attribute 属性 品质 特性 anoptimizationmodel anoptimalsolution managementschemepore void interstice opening apertureShanghaiproper 上海地区 inrelationto inconnectionwith inassociationwith inconjunctionwith associatedwith relatedtoreview reviewer peer review 同行评审 salinity totaldissolvedsolids TDS dryingseason rainingseasonspring geyser 间歇泉 fountain hotspring spa 温泉 sinter 泉华 tufa travertine 钙华 spring soutlet vent 泉口 waterlevel watertable hydraulichead piezometrichead potentiometricsurfaceupstream downstream headwaterupperreaches stretch course 上游 middlereaches stretch course 中游 lowerreaches stretch course 下游 intheyear2000 in2000 Countableoruncountable 1 Manyyoungpeopleliketostudynewknowledge 2 Thesecondreasonisthatourworkisbecomingmoredifficult 3 Privatecarsoccupymoreroomandcausetrafficjams knowledge information progress traffic news advice furniture luggage hair Don tmisusethesuffix s 1 Accordingtothesurveyofsomeagencies youngpeoplenowhavelostmanytraditionalvalues 2 TheauthoritiesofBeijingshouldtakemoreeffectivemeasurestoreducetrafficjams 3 Ourgovernmentshouldspendsomemoneyintrainingprofessionalpeople theauthoritiesconcerned 有关当局 surroundings 环境 goods 货物 arms 武器 clothes 衣服 people public staff majority minority Don tmissthesuffix s 1 TheITindustryhasbeendevelopingfastinthelast3decades 2 Inthemodernsociety peopleareclassifiedbyallkindsofstandards 3 Youngpeopleusuallytakecareoftheirparentsathome Afollow upexercise Pleasechangethefollowingnounsintopluralforms a bayb flyc employeed oneselfe phenomenon Keytotheexercise a bays b flies c employees d themselves e phenomena 3 形容词 alluvial冲积的alluvialfan冲积扇fluvial河积的lacustrine湖积的glacial冰积的continental陆相的marine海相的delta三角洲 consistent be with diurnal daily monthly seasonal annualdomestic abroadeasterly eastern southerly southernephemeral temporal flash permanent perennialextensive 广泛的 intensive 集中的 beashighas 高达 identical beidentical equal similar closeto interbedded interlayered 互层的 interfingering 交错的 intercalary 夹层的 intercalation 夹层 intermittent 间歇的 main chief major primary principal predominant dominant prominent essential premier 主要的 首要的 moderate 中等的 适度的 middle intermediate medial median medium 中间的 中部的 moreandmore moreorless themore themore moreoftenmuchmore nomore nolongeranymore anylongernot anymore longeroncemore ormore less so 或以上 或以下 左右 others those thatprevailing popularpotable portablemineralwater portable aportablecomputer significant substantial appreciable remarkable markedly marked striking 重要的 显著的 simultaneous 同时的 spontaneous 自然产生的 instantaneous 瞬间的 sophisticated toberelatedto beassociatedwithuniform homogenous heterogenous big largehuge vast giant gigantic titanic colossal enormous immense massive mightysmall littletiny miniature interesting fascinatingclear apparent obvious evident 明显的 unfortunate fortunately 4 副词 approximately about around roughlycritically 中肯地 批判地 furthermore besides inaddition additionally exceptnamelynormally formally usually commonly generally invariablynearly almost virtually however nevertheless whatever but although inspiteof 名词hence therefore thus accordingly consequentlysubsequently then lateronbecause since asstrongly moderately slightly weakly poorlyslowly quickly gentlyfortunately unfortunately above abovesealevel abovegroundsurface below belowthelandsurface belowthegroundsurface belowsealevel after inthewakeof intheaftermathofatease 安逸地 自由自在 atlength 最后 详尽 atgreatlength 相当详细 atrisk 在危险中 5 介词 ataloss 困惑地 亏本地 atrandom 随便地 胡乱地 atlarge 详尽地 不受控制地 priorto beforebyaccident 偶然 bytheway incidentally 顺便提及 byandlarge 大体上 基本上 byheart 熟记 bythebook 按规矩办事 forthepurposeofdrinking fordrinkingpurpose forthepurposeofirrigation forirrigationpurpose forwatersupplyfrompointtopoint fromplacetoplace fromcountrytocountry fromtimetotime fromyeartoyear in over during inthelast30years inthepast30years overthepast30years duringthepast30years withinaperiodof30yearsINinprinciple 原则上 1 不定冠词a an 2 定冠词theExample1 6 冠词的使用 a or an 1 Somestudentscan tevenwriteanessayinEnglishafterhavinglearntitfortenyears 2 TheInternetisbecomingausefulcommunicationchannelbothincitiesandthesuburbs hour honour European united useful Don tmissarticles 1 Theconvenienceofmobilityhasmademoreandmorepeopledependentonprivatecars 2 Somanypeoplethinkitisthebestwaytoresolvetheproblembybanningtheuseofprivatecars 3 Juveniledelinquencyissuchaserioussocialproblemthatitshouldreceiveattentionfromeveryone Don tuseredundantarticles 1 Computershavebroughtmanybenefitstopeople slives butatthesametimecausedsomeproblems privatecars mobilephones newbabies animals tourists remotevillages 1 Omittedwheretheyarerequired 2 Usedwheretheyarenotneeded 3 Usedwronglyinplaceofthecorrectarticle Incorrect Figure2showsthedistributionofrelativevelocityonsurfaceofmainandsplitterblades Correct Figure2showsthedistributionofrelativevelocityonthesurfaceofthemainandsplitterblades Incorrect ThesoftwarePowerSHAPEischosentobea3Dmodelingtool Correct ThesoftwarePowerSHAPEischosentobethe3Dmodelingtool 冠词和名词用法示例Nuclearmagneticresonance NMR hasplayedaextremelyimportantroleinstructuralidentificationoforganiccompound Becauseitcanresolvemolecularstructurewithhighprecisionwithoutdestroyingmolecularbiologicalfunction itisexpectedforbiologicalanalysis However duetodiversityandcomplexityofbiologicalmolecule largeamountofstructuralinformationarestillunknown NuclearMagneticResonance NMR hasplayedanextremelyimportantroleinthestructuralidentificationoforganiccompounds BecauseNMRcanresolve itisexpectedforthebiologicalanalysis However becauseofthediversityandcomplexityofbiologicalmolecules muchstructuralinformationremainsunknown 8 U K Englishvs U S English sulphidesulfidecolourcoloranalyseanalyzecataloguecatalogMostwordprocessorshavebuilt inspelling andgrammar checkers Usethem Theyarenotalwaysperfect butwillhelperasecommonproblems 二 专业英语基础 二 语法 1 比较级 more thanexpectedThedeclinesinsulfateconcentrationinthereactorismoresignificantthanexpected twicethespeedof fivetimesthevaluesof one tenththevaluetheyhave Thenewjetwilltravelatsixtimesthespeedofsound Thetotalareaoftheotherplanetsandmoonsisabout250timesthatoftheearth AisthreetimesaslargeasBAisthreetimeslargerthanBSizeofAisthreetimesthatofBConcentrationofchlorideisthreetimesaslargeasthatoffluoride Concentrationofchlorideistwotimeslargerthanthatoffluoride tobeslightlyhigherthatwhatwouldnormallybeexpected tobeslightlyhigherthannormallyexpected themore themore 1 Thesmallertheareaoccupiedbythescreenmaterial thegreaterthechanceofaparticlereachinganaperture 孔 空隙 2 Thehighestrateofrecoverywasat110oC whereasthelowestratewasat50oC Redundantcomparative superlative 1 Theenvironmentalpollutionisbecomingworse 2 NowChinesepeoplearebecomingricherandricher good bad little Don tmiss more most 1 Youngpeoplebecomemoreselfish greedy andarrogantthanever 2 Publictransporthasmoreadvantagesthanprivatecars 3 Themostremarkabledifferencebetweenolderpeopleandtheyoungpeopleistheattitudetowardwork Don tusewrongcomparative superlativeformsoftwo syllablewords 1 Ourindustrialdevelopmentisbecomingfasterandfaster common simple pleasant stupid polite remote narrow gentle handsome mature cruel er estor more most busy easy happy lovely funny friendly lucky er est 2 倒装 Alsomeasured shown given is was are AlsoshownforcomparisonaretheYellowSeawaterevaporationcurves Onlywhen 倒装句OnlywhenthecarbonatemineralsaredissolvedwilltheAsbereleasedintogroundwaters 3 省略 morethanitwould be Theinterfaceisexpectedtointrudeinlandmuchfartherthanitwouldnearthesea Aswillbeshown AscanbeseeninFig 3 TheBangladeshgroundwaterwasalsotreatedwithFeCl3ofdifferentconcentrationsinthepresenceof10mg LNZVIasafurthertesttreatmentasshowninFigure10 EST 4 时态特点 1 一般都用过去时 偶尔有人用现在时Example1 Sorptiononnaturalsolidsforarsenicremoval 过去时 Example2 AnaerobicDegradationofBenzeneinDiverseAnoxicEnvironments 过去时 Example3 Arsenateremovalfromwaterusingsand redmudcolumns 现在时 2 间或使用现在完成时 与现在有直接联系 并对目前有重要影响 Introduction Example1 AdsorptionkineticsoffluorideonlowcostmaterialsExample2 AdsorptionofcopperandzincfromaqueoussolutionsbyusingnaturalclayExample3 Denitrificationinconstructedfree watersurfacewetlands I Veryhighnitrateremoval 3 理论部分 已证明的事实等用现在时Example1 Synopsisofstrontiumisotopevariationsingroundwater 事实 Example2 Carbonisotopefractionationduringabioticreductivedehalogenationoftrichloroethene 理论 Example3 Monitoringtrichloroetheneremediationatanironpermeablereactivebarrier 理论 Example4 OxidationofNanomolarLevelsofFe II withOxygeninNaturalWaters 理论 5 标点符号 中文逗号 可用于一个或多个完整独立的句子 中文句号 表示一段完整意思 可有一个或多个完整 独立句子用逗号 相联 英文逗号 一般不可用于一个完整独立的句子 英文句号 表示一个完整句子 可有逗号 和介词 联接一个或多个不完整句子 一段完整意思要用一个或多个完整句子加句号表示 6 句法特点 1 广泛使用陈述句Example1Example2 2 广泛使用被动语态Example1Example2Example3 3 常使用引导词it和thereExample1Example2Example3 4 多使用长句Example1Example2Example3Takeawholepaperforexample GuoHM etal JColloidInterSci 2007 315 1 47 53 三 专业英语阅读 一 专业期刊 EnvironmentalScienceandTechnology EST IF5 257JournalofColloidandInterfaceScienceIF3 172WaterResearchIF4 655ChemophereIF3 137JournalofContaminantHydrologyIF2 885AppliedGeochemistryIF1 708ScienceoftheTotalEnvironmentIF3 258JournalofHazardousMaterialsIF3 925WaterResourceResearchIF3 149 二 如何获取 Elsevier数据库SpringerLink数据库Science国外博硕论文 UMI 数据库美国化学学会 ACS 数据 三 阅读材料 Nitrateremovalfromgroundwateranddenitrificationratesinaporoustreatmentwallamendedwithsawdust EcologicalEngineering 2000 14 269 278IF 2 958 RemediationofPCE contaminatedaquiferbyaninsitutwo layerbiobarrier laboratorybatchandcolumnstudies WaterResearch 2003 37 27 38IF 4 655 BioreductionofTrichloroetheneUsingaHydrogen BasedMembraneBiofilmReactor EnvironmentalScienceandTechnology 2007IF 5 257 总结IF Impactfactor 越高 一方面 相关的机理和微观研究更为深入 另一方面 选题新颖 注重热点 四 专业英语写作 Youshouldprovidesomerelevantdetails includingexamples facts statistics personalexperiences etc tosupportthetopicsentence Threecommonwaystodeveloptopicsentence example cause effect comparison contrast However peopleusuallydon tuseonlyonewaybutthecombinationofseveralwaystodevelopatopicsentence DevelopingTopicSentence AboutUsingConnectiveWords Usingsomeconnectivewordscorrectlycanmakeyourargumentmorecoherentandclear Somecommonconnectivewords 1 and also besides inaddition moreover furthermore etc 2 but however onthecontrary nevertheless etc 3 so therefore asaresult consequently etc 4 obviously clearly infact etc 5 ontheonehand ontheotherhand either or both and noton