GRE 背诵.docx

A 因果 naturally, as a result, consequently, not surprisingly, quite understandably, predictably, presumably, contribute to, result in , the result can be identified in, ascribe to ., attribute to, derive from., spring from, arise from, B递进 in addition to that, besides, apart from, let alone, not to mention, quite conscious of, moreover, C 并列 Coupled with, combined with, going hand in hand with ，integrated with, entwined with., D.转折 It is, however, nevertheless, in spite of , regardless of, unaware of，for all that , heedless of ., nonetheless, E：常见得分词汇替换表 We, everyone: any reasonable/sensitive soul/mind, talented minds, elite minds, versatile minds, personality, figures, celebrity, idiots, philosophic minds, genius More and more: increasingly, Big: enormous, tremendous, gigantic, titanic, astronomical, vast, boundless, Very: extremely, overwhelmingly, undeniably, remarkably, voluminously, excessively, exceedingly, tangibly, impressively, shockingly, Famous: renowned, celebrated, accomplished, distinguished, prominent, eminent, outstanding, preeminent, Good: spectacular, amazing, unbelievable, incredible, magnificent, adorable, fantastic, fascinating, admirable, respectable, cherishable, adorable, awesome, terrific, majestic, Bad: nightmarish, disgusting, despicable, monstrous, appalling, abhorring, repelling, repulsive, Important: significant, essential, basic, fundamental, indispensable, crucial, critical, decisive, determinant, dominant, predominant, infallible, Say, Believethink: suppose, hold, claim, maintain, presume, assume, contend, argue, declare, I am convinced, conclude, Improve, better: further, promote, enhance, reinforce, strengthen, consolidate, cement, nurture, relieve, recover, Everyone knows: its a truth universally acknowledged that, It can never be denied, it is undeniable that It goes without saying that It is self evident that It is highly advisably, imperative, remarkable that It comforts one to know that F顶尖副词： Excessively, unbelievably, shockingly, reasonably, logically, tremendously, remarkably, noticeably, tangibly, perceptibly, hopefully, incredibly, amazingly, fundamentally, excessively, extremely, overwhelmingly, sharply, dramatically, drastically, justifiably, convincingly, ignorantly, fantastically, hardly, barely, sparsely, surprisingly, unexpectedly, G. 列举事例段落常见的开头语：重要的：important- consequential，momentous，eminent，prominent，privotal， substantial， significant， curcial， essential， fundamental， vital，paramount， overriding， predominant， prevailing，preeminent， prevalent， supreme， 重要性： importance-essence， gist， magnitude，不重要的： unimportant-marginal， peripheral，negligible， trifling， trivial， 许多 a lot of-manifold，abundant，ample，copious ，be fraught with，be replete with numerous, innumerable， myriad，a multitude of ，multitudes of，a myriad of， a deluge of ， a plethora of ， 困境 difficult situations- deadlock， impasse， dilemma， predicament， mire， morass， labyrinth， 陷入- reduce to， get bogged down， plunge into， 有益的 helpful-remedy， panacea， blessing， 有害的 harmful- deleterious ， detrimental， noxious， virulent ， monstrous， murderous， epidemic， pandemic， plague，9. 表示进步， 提高的动词 improve，ameliorate，enhance，upgrade，facilitate ， promote， 写作中第一反应词汇的替代词汇表 throughin term of/via operatemanipulate offspringdescendant inevitabledispensable detailspecific explaininterpret obviousconspicuous hurtvulnerable useemploy/ utilize valuemerit providelendoffer trueaccurate leading tocontribute to/ conduce to/result in more and moreincreasing/growing hardlymerelybarely well-knownoutstanding largemiraculous/marvelous althoughalbeit/notwithstanding in factactually/virtually wantintend to/tend to/be inclined to becausein that may beprobably to sumto summarize/in conclusion explaininterpret/illustrate changealert chancealternative customconvention/tradition thinkcontemplate/muse/meditate/retrospect arouseignite/stimulate/spur/motivate limitstress/hinder/hamper keycrucial/vital/consequential oldancient emphasisaccentuate devote todedicate to charactertrait/individuality/idiosyncrasy/personality expectanticipate joinparticipate Delegate-representative biasprejudice/discriminate/tendency thrive-palm/flushing/prosperity clashconflict/collision/reencounter publicizepropagandize agree partlyagree with reserve properapposite want todesire big citymetropolis Lawmaking-legislation first-primarily But-nonetheless/nevertheless Child-juvenile Absorb-assimilate hand in-render Undermine-sap/enervate/debilitate get into chaos-with chaos ensuing Key-pivot/crux sway-vacillate fanatic Patriotism-jingoism/chauvinism Persuasive-thorough/sound/specific/convincing Consider-take into account Vague-gratuitous/unwarranted/oversimplified good- positive, favorable, rosy (美好的), promising(有希望的), pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior /splendid bad- dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill many- an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of ， some- a slice of, quiet a few ,several think- take the attitude that ,hold the view that,it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that thing- affair, business, matter get many benefits 第一类：巨大: big-colossal/ enormous/ immense/ gargantuan/ grandiose/ massive/ monolithic/ prodigious/ titanic/ tremendous小的: small-diminutive/ miniature/ miniscule快的(副词):fastlyby leaps and bounds加强: strengthen-bolster/ buttress/ consolidate/ reinforce/ intensify/ fortify (可以用在argument)强的: strong-brawny/ muscular/ sinewy/ impregnable/ invincible/ potent/ robust/ virile/ stalwart/ stout/ sturdy强人: baron(巨头) magnate/ mogul削弱: weaken-diminish / debilitate/ enervate/ sap/ undermine/perish/wane弱的: weakfeeble/ decrepit/ frail/ flaccid/ impotent/ puny/ tenuous重要的: important consequential/ momentous/ eminent/ prominent/ pivotal/ substantial/ significant/ crucial/ essential/ fundamental 重要: importancecore/ hub/ essence/ gist/magnitude（类似的）居首位的: leadingforemost/ paramount/ overriding /predominant/ prevailing/ preeminent prevalent/ supreme不重要的: unimportantmarginal/ peripheral/ negligible/ trifling/trivial超过: surpasseclipse/exceed/override/overwhelming/prevail/transcend/ be superior to/ outwit / outweigh / be inferior to（劣于）= be subordinate to 霸权: ascendancy/hegemony/supremacy二初始: beginningdebut/premiere/ prime/ genesis/ inception/ onset/ threshold/ lead off/ lead out (比to begin with好得多拉 )(或者说什么的到来：advent of something)初始的: beginning- primitive/budding/ fledgling/ embryonic/（古老的意义解时archaic or antiquated or obsolescent or obsolete）开始: begin/startcommence/ initiate/ embark/ inaugurate开始：begin/start=undertake / embark upon增长: growmultiply/mushroom/proliferate/ sprout/accelerate/ burgeon(慢慢增长)使其增长: increase-amplify/ magnify/ add-augment/ supplement加重，升级 aggravate (恶化) / escalate/ exacerbate/ deteriorate/ impair 减少，减弱: decreaseabate/attenuate/ detract/ diminish/ slacken/curb/ curtail/ (number)pare/ prune/ slash/ trim/ whittle/ 减轻decrease-allay/ assuage/ mollify/ soothe/mitigate/变弱decreasedwindle/ ebb/ subside/ wane/ weaken/ impair上升: ascendlift / surge/ rocket/ boast/ soar/ boom达到顶峰 culminate 顶点: peakacme/apex/ pinnacle/ climax/ apogee n.远地点/ zenith(nadir最低点 or abyss深渊) (zenith&nadir特别适合用在比喻 强调两者的区别大两个词的来源大家可以查查两个对比强烈哦 )下降: descend/ plummet/ plunge/ slump/ tumble (fluctuate波动)三gather聚拢：accumulate/ amass/ assemble/ congregate/ garner/ glean/ muster/ rally(为反对或支持而召集)group群组：battalion/ bevy/ cluster/ drove/ flock/ swarm/ throngcombination集合：assortment/ medley/ mosaic（马赛克）/ motley(五花八门：形容词也可以)a lot of/ a great many of= manifold 许多 abundant/ ample(充足) / copious(大量的)/ fraught with/ replete with/ numerous/ innumerable(不计其数)/ myriad 很多/ a multitude of/ multitudes of/ a myriad of 无数的人们/ limitless无限的/ a deluge of/ beaucoup adj.非常多的(很多同学都喜欢用a lot ofa great number of这里注意:numerous这里表达的不是无数很多那样之表示一般的多这一点从G猫老外改得一篇文章可以看到)large quantity: 大量：avalanche/ spate(比喻意大量的某物) / exodus大量流出/ 大量流入influx/ multitude大量 / plethora 比喻意：大量/ profusion 丰富，繁多拥有大量：boast/ abound / deluge(被大量的某物所淹没)/ teem到处散开：spread- dispel(驱散)/ disperse/ disseminate稀少的：scarce/ meager/ scant/ scanty/ skimpy/ sparse/ dearth节俭的：frugal/ thrifty/ miserly/ 富裕的：rich- affluent/ lavish/ luxurious/ opulent/ sumptuous/ palatial浪费的：improvident/ prodigal son（浪荡子）=improvident/ profligate贫困的：poor= destitute/ impoverished/ impecunious/ indigent (形容人)四困难的：difficult= arduous/ strenuous/ daunting/ formidable/ exacting/ insuperable/ impassable/ onerous（issue中大量存在困难的表达）困境：(陷入困难的处境就是困难)difficult situations= deadlock/ impasse/ stalemate/ dilemma/ predicament/ quandary/ mire泥沼/ morass/ swamp/ quagmire/ standstill停止，僵局/ labyrinth迷宫(很好的比喻的说法可以说什么问题把我们陷入了一个迷宫僵局等)陷入：reduce/ get bogged down/ plunge into复杂的：complicated/ intricate/ complex/(这里介绍一个很好的押韵的方法：complex and perplexed/ complicate and intricate or sophisticated用在表达困难的地方可以显示出词汇的完善更能有一种押运修辞的效果读起来琅琅上口)复杂的事情：imbroglio/ mesh/ tangle/ labyrinth迷宫= maze卷入复杂的境地：involve= embroil/ ensnare/ entangle 从复杂境地脱身：escape= extricate 难以理解：abstruse/ recondite/ intricate/ arcane只有少数人可以理解=esoteric/ cryptic 简短却令人迷惑/ enigmatic 谜一般的 enigma 形容词形式/ inexplicable无法解释/ inscrutable无法捉摸=unfathomable/ mysterious/ supernatural/ mystical/ extraterrestrial (这里的词很多都表示 难以理解 很多题目学习类教育类社会类历史类艺术类只要表示某某问题把我们难倒了都可以用)迷mystery-puzzle= enigma/ conundrum/ riddle/迷宫labyrinth/ maze令人迷惑：puzzle = baffle/ befuddle/ bewilder/ confound/ mystify/ perplex 令人沮丧：depressed= with depression/ frustrating/ daunting/ dismal/ 使可以理解：clarify= elucidate/ enlighten启迪教化/ explicate阐明/ expound on/upon /illuminate照亮说清楚可以理解的：intelligible = explicit/ lucid阻碍：hindrance名次= fetter/ shackle/ trammel枷锁桎梏/ onus负担重任阻碍：动词hamper = encumber造成负担/ foil/ stymie/ thwart阻碍或者挫败工作完成/ handicap/ hinder/ impede/ retard压制：smother/ stifle 令人窒息，压制约束 suppress/ pin down协助促进：aid = facilitate/ foster/ nurture/ buttress/五著名的：famous = celebrated/ renowned/ reputed/ distinguished/ illustrious/ prestigious/ outstanding/ distinctive/ eminent/ notable/ noticeable/ striking/ remarkable/ preeminentbe famous for = take pride inelite= meritocratic (meritocracy n.知识界精华)(用上的话超级有文采嘻嘻)有特色：feature = savor/ 因为什么而闻名可用famous一系列臭名昭著：disreputable = infamous/ notorious/ nefarious因为极坏而臭名昭著好的名声：reputation = esteem/ prestige坏的名声：disgrace/ disrepute/ ignominy/ infamy/ odium/ opprobrium/ stigma 不好的声誉，耻辱。尊重 名次：respect = reverence/ veneration/ homage 高尚的：noble = rarefied/ sublime/ lofty 不尊重 名次：disrespect = scorn蔑视招人轻视的：contemptible = despicable尊重：动词idolize/ worship/ lionize 对待名人一样的崇拜/ revere敬爱，敬畏不尊重：动词 disrespect/ deride/ scoff嘲笑/ despise/ disdain/ slight/ snub赞扬：名次praise= accolade赞美，奖项/ approbation/ encomium/ eulogy/ panegyric/ plaudit/ tribute/ tribute用来表示赞美的行为或者发言赞美：动词praise = acclaim/ applaud/ hail欢呼/ commend/ extol/ laud高度的，常常带有美化成分的赞美应该受到谴责的：形容词reprehensible谴责：condemn= censure/ denounce/ reprimand/ decry/ deprecate/ deplore叹惋/ lament 叹惋 / remonstrate争辩，申辩责备：admonish/ reproach/ reprove温和的责备严厉责备：动词 berate/ castigate/ chastise/ chide/ excoriate/ inveigh/ rail/ revile/ upbraid令人讨厌的事物：名次 anathema谩骂的：abusive/ vituperative 六有害的事物：harmful things= contagion传染病瘟疫 epidemic/ pandemic也有流行的意思/pestilence/ plague疾病：malady 瘴气：miasma比喻意为有害的气氛或者影响 灾患：scourge不再害怕看到世界中心深处的毒气：unafraid to look deep into the miasma at the heart of the world.有害的：harmful = deleterious/ detrimental/ noxious/ toxic/ virulent/ monstrous/ murderous 邪恶的：evil/ devil= cruel/ crude/ brutal/ wicked/ vicious/ malicious/ atrocious/ virulent/ venomous / sinister/ hafarious/ vicious/ pernicious/ destructive/ detrimental 致命的：fatal/ lethal前两个并非贬义/ pernicious极其有害的有益的：形容词：hygienic/ sanitary 广义的卫生的/ salutary/wholesome有益身心的有害的事物: bane致命的毒药 / blight植物的枯萎病/ 损害：harm = blemish/ deface/ disfigure/ eviscerate/ impair减损/main mutilate毁伤肢体/ mar/spoil破坏 demolish有益的事物：antidote 解毒药/ remedy药物：纠错/ panacea 万能良药 elixir 炼金药，万能药(有贬义含义)/ boon赐福blessing / tonic 补药改善：improve = ameliorate/ amend/ 对法律的修改/ rectify/ redress/ 毁坏，毁灭：destroy/ annihilate彻底消灭/ exterminate终结/ eliminate/ eradicate/ decimate/ demolish/ dismantle/ raze 彻底摧毁夷为平地/ devastate/ ravage/ wreck遭受重创，严重破坏/ obliterate擦去/ pulverize 磨成粉末状/ subvert 颠覆可怕的：awful = horrible/ terrible/ tragic/ wretched / dire复苏，复兴 动词：revive= rejuvenate/ resurrect/ resuscitate/ revive动荡的，混乱的 形容词：tumultuous/ turbulent/ 混乱：名词：chaos/ confusion/ disorder / mayhem/ disarray/ havoc大面积的破坏-混乱 pandemonium 撒旦居住的地方，比喻嘈杂，混乱的地方/ shambles废墟/ turmoil 混乱，动荡/ upheaval突发的巨变灾难：calamity/ cataclysm/ catastrophe 危险 名词：danger/ hazard/ peril危险的：hazardous/ perilous/ precarious/ treacherous 危及：动词 endanger/ compromise/ imperil/ jeopardize保护：protect = safeguardweal and woe 福祸sum and subs tance 主要情况，要点（尤指讲话的主要部分） forgive and forget 不念旧恶wax and wane （月的）盈亏圆缺；盛衰inferno 地狱，可与幸福生活形成强烈对比 the inferno of warinky 用于个人在生活上或科研道路上的迷茫 the inky darkness of ones pursuit of own destiny promulgate 公布，颁布法令，新法律 promulgate a belief, and idea, a theory, etc the promulgation of a treaty 1latency 如作者主张尚未表现出的危险或其主张的长远作用 latent-latent ability , a latent infection after a careful examination, it is no need to go too far to sense that the authors claim underlies a latency of peril to both personal and even societal degree./ lurks a latency of profound implication.2Connotation 内涵，言外之意 Hollywood always holds connotation of romance and glittering success. 贬义词 derogatory connotation3Motivate / ignite 用于深究心理方面深层的原因，或者内因 be motivated by greed, fear, love a teacher who can motive her pupils 4混乱turmoil uproar pandemonium chaos 5Rote learning 死记硬背的方法6Reminisce 缅怀美好的往事 reminiscence 怀旧 reminiscence of my youth7Halcyon 太平盛世 halcyon times the halcyon days of youth 8Quietude 平静寂静 equability 平和宁静9Equanimity 镇静 she maintained her equanimity throughout her long ordeal. 10Impassivity 泰然自若11Equilibrium 平衡均势 disturb the equilibrium of the chains of natural environment.12Placidity 平静 the placidity of his temperamentDeformity 畸形，用于形容教育中重视一方面忽视另一方面13表示竞争极其后果的词 良性竞争 good-natures rivalry 恶性竞争、循环 vicious circle 憎恨 antipathy Ethnocentrism 民主优越感 racialism racism 种族主义 nationalism 民族主义 chauvinism 沙文主义 patriotism atriotic 爱国主义环境：delicate balance upon which animalsincluding humandepend （ecosystem）生态平衡the depletion of the atmospheric ozone 臭氧空洞extinct species, serious pollution of water, excessive cutting of jungles and rainforests consumption of the earths finite natural resources社会问题rely on labor force, equipment, and raw materials of developing countries 企业的需求increased crime, unemployment, insurrection, hunger, plague, and so forth vicious competition, vicious circle, monopoly 经济问题 恶性竞争，垄断科技：1. impact on daily life/ saturated every aspects in our daily routine 科技深入生活2. we need to control the development and use of technological innovation so that they benefit all aspects of community 防止科技危害生活: Although scientific discoveries and technological advances have produced tremendous improvement in the quality of human life, they also have negative consequences.nuclear power, chemical plants, threaten our life教育：education always plays a key role in determining a persons success 教育决定成功we must be conscious of our obligations to help those who are truly infirm, aged or incapable of providing for themselves 公民的责任，帮助困难人员教育的目的the primary purpose for education is to transmit democratic values, innovative ideas and so that it can prepare new generations of citizens in society