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Charles Dickens and David CopperfieldCharles Dickens English novelist, generally considered the greatest of the Victorian period. Dickenss works are characterized by attacks on social evils, injustice, and hypocrisy. He had also experienced in his youth oppression, when he was forced to end school in early teens and work in a factory. Dickenss lively good, bad and comic characters, such as the cruel miser Scrooge, the aspiring novelist David Copperfield, or the trusting and innocent Mr. Pickwick, have fascinated generations of readers. Charles Dickens was born in Landport, Hampshire, during the new industrial age, which created misery for the class of low-paid workers and gave birth to theories of Karl Marx. His father was a clerk in the navy pay office, who was well paid but often ended in financial troubles. In 1814 Dickens moved to London, and then to Chatham, where he received some education. He worked in a blacking factory, Hungerford Market, London, while his family was in Marshalea debtors prison in 1824 - later this period found its way to the novel Little Dorrit (1855-57). In 1824-27 Dickens studied at Wellington House Academy, London, and at Mr. Dawsons school in 1827. From 1827 to 1828 he was a law office clerk, and then worked as a shorthand reporter at Doctors Commons. He wrote for True Son (1830-32), Mirror of Parliament (1832-34) and The Morning Chronicle (1834-36). He was in the 1830s a contributor to Monthly Magazine, and The Evening Chronicle and edited Bentleys Miscellany. In the 1840s Dickens founded Master Humphreys Cloak and edited the London Daily News. These years as a journalist left Dickens with lasting affection for journalism and suspicious attitude towards unjust laws. His sharp ear for conversation helped him reveal characters through their own words. Dickenss career as a writer of fiction started in 1833 when his short stories and essays appeared in periodicals. His Sketches by Boz and The Pickwick Papers were published in 1836; he married in the same year the daughter of his friend George Hogarth, Catherine Hogart. However, some people suspected that he was more fond of her sister, Mary, who moved into their house and died in 1837. Dickens requested that he be buried next to her when he died and wore Marys ring all his life. Another of Catherines sisters, Georgiana, moved in with the Dickenses, and the novelist fell in love with her. Dickens had with Catherine 10 children but they were separated in 1858. Dickens also had a long liaison with the actress Ellen Ternan, whom he had met by the late 1850s. His major works The Pickwick Papers were stories about a group of rather odd individuals and their travels to Ipswich, Rochester, Bath and elsewhere. Dickenss novels first appeared in monthly instalments, including Oliver Twist (1837-39), which depicts the London underworld and hard years of the foundling Oliver Twist, Nicholas Nickelby (1838-39), a tale of young Nicklebys struggles to seek his fortune, and Old Curiosity Shop (1840-41). Among his later works are David Copperfield (1849-50), where Dickens used his own personal experiences of work in a factory, Bleak House (1852-53), and A Tale of Two Cities (1859), set in the years of the French Revolution. Great Expectations (1860-61), the story of Pip (Philip Pirrip), was among Tolstoys and Dostoyevskys favorite novels. The unfinished mystery novel The Mystery of Edwin Drood was published in 1870. From the 1840s Dickens spent much time travelling and campaigning against many of the social evils of his time. In addition he gave talks and reading, wrote pamphlets, plays, and letters. In the 1850s Dickens was founding editor of Household World and its successor All the Year Round (1859-70). In 1844-45 he lived in Italy, Switzerland and Paris. He gave lecturing tours in Britain and the United States in 1858-68. From 1860 Dickens lived at Gadshill Place, near Rochester, Kent. He died at Gadshill on June 9, 1870. Although Dickenss career as a novelist received much attention, he produced hundreds of essays and edited and rewrote hundreds of others submitted to the various periodicals he edited. Dickens distinguished himself as an essayist in 1834 under the pseudonym Boz. A Visit to Newgate (1836) reflects his own memories of visiting his own family in the Marshalea Prison. A Small Star in in the East reveals the working conditions on mills and Mr. Barlow (1869) draws a portrait of an insensitive tutor. David Copperfield Summary of the plot (see below)中译本 块肉余生述 林纾、魏易译 1937年上海出版 商务印书馆 1981年再版 大卫科波菲尔 董秋斯译 人民文学出版社 1958年出版 中国人民大学出版社 2004年出版 大卫考坡菲 张谷若译 上海译文出版社 1980年出版 大卫科波菲尔 庄绎传译 人民文学出版社 2000年出版 大卫考波菲尔 李彭思译 北京燕山出版社 2000年出版 大卫科波菲尔 石定乐、石定柔译 1998年出版？David CoppefieldA summaryDavid is born at Blunderstone in Suffolk. His father had been dead six months. Davids widowed mother draws the attention of Edward Murdstone, whom David dislikes. David goes to Yarmouth for two weeks with Peggotty, his mothers housekeeper, where he meets Mr Peggotty, Emily, Ham, and Mrs Gummidge. On his return home he finds that his mother has married Mr Murdstone, whose sister, Jane, moves into the household. David, under the oppression of the Murdstones, falls behind in his studies and is given a beating during which he bites Mr. Murdstone. He is sent away to school at Salem House Academy near London run by the cruel Mr. Creakle. Upon arrival at the school he is forced to wear a sign saying: Be careful of him, he bites. David befriends Steerforth and Traddles. David learns that his mother and his baby brother have died and is removed from school. Peggotty marries Barkis and visits David regularly. Murdstone sends David to London to work in the Murdstone and Grinby warehouse. He takes lodging with the Micawbers. The insolvent Micawbers are continually being harassed by creditors until, finally, Mr Micawber is imprisoned for debt in the Kings Bench. After Micawbers release from debtors prison, the family escapes to the country hoping that something will turn up. David is miserable at Murdstone and Grinbys and decides to run away to Dover to throw himself on the mercy of his aunt, Betsy Trotwood. Davids aunt adopts him after contacting the Murdstones and verifying their treatment of him. David befriends Mr. Dick, who lives with his aunt. Betsy sends David to Dr. Strongs school in Canterbury where he lodges with Betsys lawyer, Mr. Wickfield, and his daughter, Agnes. He meets Uriah Heep. David meets the Micawbers again in Canterbury, where they have come to look for work, and introduces Mr. Micawber to Uriah Heep. David finishes school and, trying to decide what to do with his life, journeys back to Yarmouth to visit Peggotty. He stops in London on the way and runs into Steerforth who joins him on the trip to Yarmouth. They visit Peggotty and Mr. Peggotty who announces that Ham and Emily are to be married. David decides to become a proctor in Doctors Commons and is apprenticed to Spenlow and Jorkins. He takes lodging with Mrs. Crupp in the Adelphi section of London. Agnes warns David against Steerforth and tells him that that Uriah Heep has weasled his way into a partnership with her father, capitalizing on Mr. Wickfields weaknesses. David falls in love with Spenlows daughter, Dora and finds that his old guardian, Miss Murdstone, is Doras confidential friend. David runs into his old friend Traddles and visits him in Camdentown where he learns that Traddles is a boarder with the Micawbers, who are still trying to keep a step ahead of creditors. Barkis is dying and David journeys to Yarmouth to be with Peggotty during this crisis. Steerforth secretly charms Emily away from Ham and they run away together, Mr Peggotty goes in search of her. Betsy Trotwood visits David in London and informs him that she has lost her fortune through bad business deals, she and Mr. Dick move in with David. David goes to work for Dr. Strong, learning shorthand to try to earn money while still apprenticed at Doctors Commons. David and Dora are engaged in secret. Miss Murdstone finds Davids letters to Dora and she and Mr. Spenlow confront David, telling him to forget about Dora. Mr. Spenlow is then found dead, with no will, and Dora goes to live with two spinster aunts. Mr. Micawber is employed by Uriah Heep who has moved in with the Wickfields and has designs on Agnes, much to Mr. Wickfields agony. David, like Dickens, becomes a parliamentary reporter and begins to write and have his stories published. His success allows him to marry Dora. David has his first book published and becomes a successful author. Dora has no grasp of housekeeping despite Davids coaxing. She begins to deteriorate with an unspecified illness. With the help of Martha, Emily is found, and plans are made for her to emigrate with Mr. Peggotty to Austr