高等学校研究生英语综合教程上Unit

高等院校研究生英语系列教材 综合教程 上 INTEGRATEDCOURSE Unit9 AffordableHousing Content StartingoutReadingFocusReadingMorePracticalTranslationFocusedWritingFinalProject Task1WithrapideconomicdevelopmentinChina people shousingconditionshavebeengreatlyimproved buthousepriceshavealsorisen Interviewsomeofyourfriends especiallythosewhowerebornbeforeorduringthe1970s aboutthechangestheyhaveexperiencedinthecostandconditionoftheirhousing Thefollowingaresomepossibletopicsthatyoumayliketoraise Startingout PossibletopicsLocation Size Interiordecoration Electricalappliances Runningwater Hotwater Showeringorbathingfacilities Indoortoilets Electricorgasstoves Refrigerators Centralheatingand orairconditioning Lighting Telephone CableTV Internetaccess Housingcost rentorownership Startingout Task1 Task2Peoplehaveanumberofdifferentreasonsforchoosingaparticularareatolivein Comparethebenefitsandshortcomingsofthefollowinglocationsanddecidewhereyou dliketolive Youcouldaddtothelist Startingout Task2 Task3ReadthefollowingparagraphanddiscusswithyourpartnerwhatyourchoicewouldbeifyouwereinLaoWang ssituation Givethereasonsforyourchoice Startingout Task3 LaoWangandhiswifeliveina15m2oldapartmentindowntownShanghai Theareawillberedevelopedinacoupleofyear stime Theywillbegiven300 000Yuanascompensationfortheirapartmentandcaneitherusethemoneytobuyahouseinthesuburbs orpaythedeveloper8 000Yuanpersquaremeterforanew130m2downtownapartmentwhichtheywillhavetowaitforfiveyearsbeforemovingin TheHousingCrisisGoesSuburban ReadingFocus ReadingFocus GlobalUnderstanding Mainidea Para 1 Causesoftheproblem Paras 2 9 Consequencesoftheproblem Para 10 Solutionstotheproblem Paras 11 13 Summary Para 14 Mainidea Affordablehousinghasnotonlybecomeaproblemfor buthasaffected It snowaseriousproblemformorelow andmoderate incomeAmericansthan Fairfaxisanexampleforthissituation ReadingFocus GlobalUnderstanding theurbanpoor thesuburbanmiddle class taxes SocialSecurityorgasprices Causesoftheproblem A Government sattitudetowardsaffordablehousing a FromRoosevelttoNixon b Nowadays B Thestrikingmismatchbetween affordablehousing oraffordablehousingnearjobs a Inthepasttwodecades muchpoorhousinghasbeen butnotallhasbeen andtherehasbeen b Manymiddleincomepeoplecannotfind neartheirplaceofwork ReadingFocus GlobalUnderstanding Americansusedtocarealotaboutit federalaidhasnotbeenincreased affordablehomes razed demolished thedemandforandthesupplyof rebuilt noincrease Consequencesoftheproblem A Children B Workers C Communities ReadingFocus GlobalUnderstanding can tseetheirparentssooften can tmakeendsmeet arelesscompetitive Solutionstotheproblem A Localofficials B Federalgovernment C Arealestatecrashmaynothelp ReadingFocus GlobalUnderstanding shouldgetoutoftheway shouldsupportnewconstructions Summary HousinginAmericatodayisnotjust butisalso ReadingFocus GlobalUnderstanding anurbanpovertyissue amiddle classquality of lifeissue Task2 Paraphrasetheunderlinedpartsofthefollowingsentences P258 ReadingFocus DetailedInformation WhenhouseholdincomesgrowbyX housingpricesgrowby12X 2 mayriseto 110 000ayear Keys 3 hasnotonlyaffectedpeoplewithlowincomesbutalsopeoplewholiveinthesuburbs 4 havingaperiodofmisfortune 5 notpeoplewhohavereceivedfederalhousingassistance butthosewhohaven t ReadingFocus DetailedInformation 6 stopneedingwelfarepayments 7 giveanopportunitytoafamilywhichisalsoeligibleforthewelfare 8 andstudiesshowthatovercrowdedlivingconditionleadtohighercrimerates pooreracademicperformanceandpoorerhealth 9 andworkersmayhavetodrivelongdistancestoworkbecausetheycan taffordhousingcloser 10 Lastyearlessthan5 ofhousessoldfor 250 000orlesssopriceswillhavetoreducealotforhousingtobeaffordableforlow incomefamilies CriticalThinking ReadingFocus StepOneReadthefollowingstatementsfromthetextanddiscusswhetherChinesepeoplehavethesameproblems Supportyourviewswithevidence Homeownershipisoftendescribedasadream butthesedaysmanyworkerswouldsettleforadecentrentalthatwon tbankrupttheirfamilies 2 Localofficialsrequireone acrelotsandtwo cargarages andblocklow incomeandhigh densityprojects ReadingFocus CriticalThinking 3 Thehighhousingpriceproblemhasclimbedtheincomeladderandmovedtothesuburbs 4 Familiesspendatleasthalftheirincomeonhousing manyskimponhealthcare childcareandfoodtodoso 5 Workersareenduringincreasinglylongcommutesfromlessexpensivecommunities ReadingFocus CriticalThinking StepTwoThinkabouttheroleofgovernmentinprovidingaffordablehousing Discussingroupsthefollowingstatements ReadingFocus CriticalThinking Therootofthe highhousingprice problemisthestrikingmismatchbetweenthedemandforandthesupplyofaffordablehousing 2 Affordablehousinghelpsmakecommunitiescompetitive 3 Thescarcityofaffordablehousingisadeepeningnationalcrisis 1 workerscramtheirfamiliesintoovercrowdedapartments collegegraduateshavetocrashwiththeirparents andfirefighters Para 1 cram v toforcesomethingintoasmallspace把 塞入e g Jessicacrammedherclothesintothebag crash v slangtostayatsomeone shouseforthenight借宿e g Icrashedforonenightatmyfriend shousewhenIwasinChicago ReadingMore LanguagePoint 2 TherealestateboomofthepastdecadehasproducedwindfallsforAmericanswhoownedbeforeitbegan Para 2 windfall n anamountofmoneythatyougetunexpectedly意外之财 ReadingMore LanguagePoint 3 Rooseveltsignedhousinglegislationin1934and1937 providingmortgages governmentapartmentsandconstructionjobsforworkersdownontheirluck Para 3 downontheirluck tohavenomoneybecauseonehashadalotofbadluckoveraperiodoftime 因不走运而 穷困潦倒e g 1 Whensomeoneisdownontheirluck goodfriendswillbesympathetic 2 Georgehascertainlybeendownonhisluckrecently firsthiswifefellill thenhelosthisjob ReadingMore LanguagePoint 4 Butithasrazedmoresubsidizedapartmentsthanithasreplaced Para 4 raze v tocompletelydestroyatownorbuilding把 城镇 建筑物 夷为平地e g 1 MuchofNanjingwasrazedbyJapaneseinvadersin1937 2 Theoldbuildingswererazedtomakewayforanewdevelopment ReadingMore LanguagePoint 5 Overall thenumberofhouseholdsreceivingfederalaidhasflatlinedsincetheearly1990s despiteanexpandingpopulationandaballooningbudget Para 5 flatline v tofalltoaverylowlevel降到很低的水平e g 1 TheRepublicanshavebeenflatlininginthepolls 2 Thepopulationgrowthinthistownhasbeenflatlininginthepastfiveyears ReadingMore LanguagePoint 6 Today foreveryoneofthe4 5millionlow incomefamiliesthatreceivefederalhousingassistance therearethreeeligiblefamilieswithoutit Para 6 eligible adj beingableorallowedtodoit合格的 有资格的e g 1 Insomecountrieschildrenover16areeligibleforadriver slicense 2 Over500 00018 year oldswillbecomeeligibletovotethisyear ReadingMore LanguagePoint 7 Thetimelimitsincludedinwelfarereform10yearsagowerecontroversial butstudiessuggestthey vehelpedmotivaterecipientstogetoffthedole Para 7 dole n unemploymentbenefit welfaremoneygivenbythegovernmentintheUStopeoplewhoareoutofwork救济金e g 1 Howmanypeopleareonthedole 2 Isaidthebankersshouldbethefirsttogoonthedoleduringthefinancialdownturn ReadingMore LanguagePoint 8 Washingtonpoliticians ontheotherhand havethefederalbudgetattheirdisposal Para 12 attheirdisposal availableforsomeonetouse供某人使用支配e g 1 Tannerhadalotofcashathisdisposal 2 Acaranddriverwereplacedatmydisposal ReadingMore LanguagePoint 9 Andevenamodestpriceslumpcouldtriggeraconstructionslowdown Para 13 slump v tosuddenlygodowninprice value ornumber暴跌e g 1 Salesslumpedby20 lastyear 2 TheUSdollarslumpedtoarecordlowagainstallothercurrencies ReadingMore LanguagePoint Key1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Task1Choosetheanswerthatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordorphraseinthesentence P260 A D B B C A B A ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction C A Task2 1 Thousandsofspectators intothestadiumtoseethegame 2 Tellthestudentstoblowupthe andthentapethestrawtoit 3 Mostrivertouriststravelinbignoisymotorrigs which throughallbutthebiggestrapidswithoutdifficulty Readthewordsandtheirexplanationsinthebox Chooseawordtocompleteeachofthesentencesbelowandexplainitsmeaning Changetheformifnecessary P261 crammed b balloon a ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction crash a 4 Jill herclothesintothebag 5 Helostcontrolofhiscaratthefirstbendand 6 We inasmuchsightseeingaspossibleduringourstayinNewYork 7 Thecompany sdebthas inthepastyear 8 Youcan atourplaceifyoucan tgetaridehome 9 We llhavetogetoutofthissituationbeforethe goesup 10 Ashousesaleshave sohasspendingindepartment storeonitemslikefurniture carpetsandelectricalappliances crammed d ballooned c crashed a crammed a ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction crash b balloon b slumped b 11 Itisbelievedthattheproceedsfromthesalewillgointoa fundforthechildren 12 Thehardestthingisfindingacardealeryoucan 13 Iwasfortunateenoughtohavevery parents 14 Thepost war senttheunemploymentfiguressoaringtotwicetheexpectedlevel 15 Thatdecisiondidnotwinhermuchsupportfrom andmoderates 16 Whenheis25 thetrusteeswillgivehimfullcontrolofhis fund trust d trust c liberal c ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction slump c liberals b trust b Task3 Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatewordorphrasefromthefourchoicesgivenbelow ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction NorthernCanada includingtheNorthwestTerritories isan1 placetolive Housingisatleast60 moreexpensiveinthenorth2 itisinsouthernCanada Foodpricesarealso3 byatleast20 Sincebuildingmaterialsandfoodstuffsare4 fromthesouth thehigherpricesareprimarily5 transportationcosts 6 farawayfromYellowknifehavehighercosts andcommunitiesservedonlybyaircrafthavethehighestfoodandhousingcosts expensive than higher imported dueto Communities Forexample foodstuffsshippedbyairto7 communitiessuchasSachsHarboronBanksIslandare80 moreexpensivethantheyareinYellowknife Tooffsetthesehighfoodandhousingcosts 8 arehigherthanthoseinsouthernCanada Inaddition mostpeopleliveinpublicorstaffhousing whererentsare9 Governmentemployeeslivinginremotecommunitiesreceiveanisolatedpost10 paymenttohelpoffsetthehighercostofliving ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction remote wages allowance subsidized IsAffordableHousingBecominganOxymoron ReadingMore ReadingMore GlobalUnderstanding CriticalThinking LanguagePoints VocabularyinAction 1 2 3 4 Housingpriceshavebeen1 tounprecedentedlevels It sacommonideathatasignificantpartofthe2 forhousingisbasedonanexpectationoffuture3 Themorepricesgoup themorepeoplewanttobuy4 reapthegainsfrom5 futurepriceappreciation Thispushespricesupevenmore Cananythingbedone Completethefollowingextractwiththeinformationfromthetext P267 TextExploration pushedup demand soasto appreciation ReadingMore GlobalUnderstanding expected Somemunicipalitiesprovide6 typesofassistancetonewhomeowners 7 thisincreasesdemandevenmore Increasingtaxesdoesnotsolvethecostofthehousingproblemeither Basic8 thateitherareductionindemandoranincreaseinthesupplyofhousingwill9 housingprices soarisein10 ratesshouldmoderate11 anditappearsthathousingpricesare12 outinsomeareas various Unfortunately lower economics ReadingMore GlobalUnderstanding interest demand flattening Astoincreasingsupply land13 restrictionsaretightinmanydesirable14 areas andpoliticalforcesare15 againstrelaxingtheserestrictionsduetolimitedlandresourcesandtrafficproblems Sowhatistheanswertohighhomeprices residential use aligned ReadingMore GlobalUnderstanding CriticalThinking ReadingMore 1 Whatisapricebubble 2 Whycan tincreasingtaxesonhousingsolvethecostofthehousingproblem 3 WhydomanyCalifornianempty nestersselltheirhousesandmigratetoOregon 4 Whydopeopleholddifferentviewsonlanduserestrictions ReadingMore CriticalThinking Discussingroupsthefollowingquestions 1 asignificantpartofthedemandforhousingisbasedonanexpectationoffutureappreciation Para 2 appreciationn ariseinvalue especiallyofland moneyorpossessions增值e g 1 Therehasbeenanappreciationof50 inpropertyvalues 2 Thepound srapidappreciationiscreatingproblemsforexporters ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 2 Analogoustotheimpositionofasubsidy a10 increaseinpropertytaxeswouldpushhousingpricesdownby10 Para 5 analogoustosimilartoanothersituationorthingsothatacomparisoncanbemade类似的 相似的imposition theintroductionofsomethingsuchasarule tax orrestriction 规章 税种 限制等的 实施 征收e g Theimpositionofthenewrulesforbankaccountswillmakewithdrawingmoneymucheasier ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 3 Butanewhouserequireslandzonedforhousing Para 10 zoned ifanareaoflandiszoned itisofficiallykeptseparatefromotherlandsothatitcanbeusedforaparticularpurpose划分成地区 把 划入某地区e g Thelandiscurrentlyzonedforresidentialuse ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 4 InurbanCalifornia traffichasbecomeincreasinglycongested puttingalimitonhowfarawayfromtheirjobspeoplecanlive Para 10 congested crowdedusuallybytrafficorpeople交通拥挤的 车辆阻塞的e g 1 Someareasarecongestedwithbothcarsandpeople 2 Thetollsarelikelytoberestrictedtoparticularlycongestedareas andbusytimessuchasrushhours ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 5 Imaginesomeonewhoscrimpsandsavestobuyhisdreamhouseinanareazonedforone acrelots Para 11 scrimps totrytosaveasmuchmoneyasyoucan eventhoughyouhaveverylittle尽量节省 尽力攒钱e g Theoldcouplescrimpedandsavedtosupporttheirsonstudyingabroad ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 6 Butbythesametoken onceasearcherbecomesanowner heoftenbecomesaferventsupporterofsuchrestrictions Para 11 bythesametoken inthesameway orforthesamereasons同样地 由于同样的原因e g 1 Iwanttowin butbythesametoken Idon twanttohurtSam sconfidence 2 Youcanaskmeanything andbythesametoken Icanchoosenottoanswer fervent believingorfeelingsomethingverystronglyandsincerely热情 热烈的e g Ihavealwaysbeenoneofhismostferventadmirers ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 1 ownA Theyachtwasintendedfortheking s use B Youwon tknowthecostof acaruntilyou ve one C Hestudiedthesesubjectsonhis 2 dynamicA She s anddetermined B Marketsare andforeverchanging C Group isthestudyofgroupbehavior especiallytheinteractionsthatoccuramongpersonsinsmallgroupsinvolvedwithbusinessorsocialactivities Task1 Fillineachoftheblankswiththeappropriateformofthewordgivenandexplainitsmeaning P268 own owning owned ReadingMore VocabularyinAction own dynamic dynamic dynamics 3 fixA Elliswasabletoquicklyfindand theproblem B He sgoingto atimewhenIcanseehim C Manyofthosechangescouldjustbeatemporary 4 feedA Severalchildrenwere breadtotheducks B Figuresare intothecomputer whichthenpredictsthelikelyprofit C Thegrainjustrottedandalltheycoulduseitforwasanimal fix fix fix feeding fed ReadingMore VocabularyinAction feed 5 appreciationA Ithelpschildrentodevelopan ofpoetryandliterature B I mvery ofallthesupportyou vegivenme C Therehasbeenlittle inthevalueofpropertyrecently 6 remainA Therefugeeswereallowedto intheUK B Irescuedthe ofmyslipperfromthedog C Thethreepartieswillmeetnextmonthtoworkout differences appreciation appreciative appreciation ReadingMore VocabularyinAction remain remains remaining 7 endA Itishopedthatthetalkswillbringan totheviolence B Ithasthreepairsoflegs each inalargeclaw C Beingoutofworkandhavingtwoyoungchildren theyfounditimpossibletomake meet 8 stockA Sheowned 3 000worthof andshares B Theblueshirtsareoutof C Thesamequestionsseemtobeaskedeverytime andhegiveshis answers end ending ends stocks ReadingMore VocabularyinAction stock stock 9 billA Theysentusa fortheworktheyhaddone B Thesenatorintroduceda thatwouldincreasetheminimumwage C Youwillbe monthlyfortheservice 10 zoneA SanFranciscoandTokyoarebothlocatedinearthquake B Lookatthewayshe splaying She sreallyinthe now C Theformerdockyardhasbeen fortouristuse bill bill billed zones zone zoned ReadingMore VocabularyinAction Task2 1 Itseemsthatowningacarissoexpensivethat 我支付不起 2 他差不多花了一天时间 tofinishthebook 3 网络是否可以代替报纸 hasbeenamatterofdebate CompletethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChineseinbracketsintoEnglish Trytousetheexpressionsyouhavelearnedfromthetext Ican taffordit Ittookhimmoreorlessawholeday WhethertheInternetcanreplacenewspapers ReadingMore VocabularyinAction 4 股票越涨 人们越买 soastoreapthegainsfromexpectedfuturepriceappreciation 5 如果你当初真想买房子 youwouldsaveeverypenny 6 他的老师起到了重要作用 inhelpinghimgetridofhisdepression 7 PeoplebuybighousestocatchupwiththeJoneses 不管他们是否需要那么大的空间 Themorestockpricesgoup themorepeoplewanttobuy Ifyoureallywantedtobuyahouse Histeacherhasplayedanimportantrole regardlessofwhethertheyneedallthat ReadingMore VocabularyinAction 8 如果你想当个机修工 thesecoursesarenotsorelevant 9 So 该如何解决 juveniledelinquency 10 他最不愿意看到的 ishisdaughterleavinghome Ifyouintendtobeamechanic whatistheanswerto Thelastthinghewantstosee ReadingMore VocabularyinAction PracticalTranslation 复合词的词性转换经常发生 同一个词在一些语境中充当名词 而在另一些语境中则充当动词或形容词 因此 在英汉翻译中 要结合复合词的构成和汉语的语言习惯进行调整 1 复合结构充当名词或形容词修饰语例1Eventually politiciansmayrediscoverhousing notasanurbanpovertyissue butasamiddleclassquality of lifeissue likegaspricesorhealthcare 译文总会有那么一天 从政者会发现住房问题像油价问题或医疗问题一样 不只是城市贫民的问题 还是中产阶级的生活质量问题 复合词的翻译 例2Thenewphonesystemusesstate of the arttechnology 译文新的电话系统采用了最先进的技术 点评 最常见的复合结构之一是用名词的复合结构充当名词或形容词修饰语 其在汉语中的作用与 的 字结构相似 一般直译 2 形容词 名词 ed 和 形容词 动词 ed 结构是两种常见的形容词构成方式 例1SeventyyearsafterPresidentFranklinD RooseveltdeclaredthattheDepressionhadleftone thirdoftheAmericanpeople ill housed ill clothedandill nourished Americansarewell clothedandincreasinglyovernourished 译文富兰克林 罗斯福总统曾经说经济大萧条造成三分之一的美国人住房简陋 衣衫褴褛 营养不良 70年后的今天 美国人却是穿着考究 营养日益过剩 点评 句中分别使用了 形容词 名词 ed 结构的复合词ill housed ill clothe