全新版大学英语综合教程第二册(完整版)ppt课件

CollegeEnglish Book2 UNIT1WaysofLearning PartIPre ReadingTask Listentotherecordingtwoorthreetimesandthenthinkoverthefollowingquestions 1 Whoshouldteachwhom Islearningaone waystreet 2 Shouldweshareourdreamsforabetterlifewithourparentsorkeepthemtoourselves 3 Canchildreneverunderstandtheirparentscompletely 4 Fromthesongcanyouguesswhatthethemeoftheunit wayoflearning chieflyrefersto PartIITextAHowardGardner aprofessorofeducationatHarvardUniversity reflectsonavisittoChinaandgiveshisthoughtsondifferentapproachestolearninginChinaandtheWest LEARNING CHINESE STYLEHowardGardnerForamonthinthespringof1987 mywifeEllenandIlivedinthebustlingeasternChinesecityofNanjingwithour18 month oldsonBenjaminwhilestudyingartseducationinChinesekindergartensandelementaryschools ButoneofthemosttellinglessonsEllenandIgotinthedifferencebetweenChineseandAmericanideasofeducationcamenotintheclassroombutinthelobbyoftheJinlingHotelwherewestayedinNanjing Thekeytoourroomwasattachedtoalargeplasticblockwiththeroomnumberonit Whenleavingthehotel aguestwasencouragedtoturninthekey eitherbyhandingittoanattendantorbydroppingitthroughaslotintoabox Becausethekeyslotwasnarrow thekeyhadtobepositionedcarefullytofitintoit Benjaminlovedtocarrythekeyaround shakingitvigorously Healsolikedtotrytoplaceitintotheslot Becauseofhistenderageandincompleteunderstandingoftheneedtopositionthekeyjustso hewouldusuallyfail Benjaminwasnotbotheredintheleast Heprobablygotasmuchpleasureoutofthesoundsthekeymadeashedidthosefewtimeswhenthekeyactuallyfounditswayintotheslot NowbothEllenandIwereperfectlyhappytoallowBenjamintobangthekeynearthekeyslot Hisexploratorybehaviorseemedharmlessenough ButIsoonobservedaninterestingphenomenon AnyChinesestaffmembernearbywouldcomeovertowatchBenjaminand notinghislackofinitialsuccess attempttoassist HeorshewouldholdontoBenjamin shandand gentlybutfirmly guideitdirectlytowardtheslot repositionitasnecessary andhelphimtoinsertit The teacher wouldthensmilesomewhatexpectantlyatEllenorme asifawaitingathankyou andonoccasionwouldfrownslightly asifconsideringustobeneglectingourparentalduties IsoonrealizedthatthisincidentwasdirectlyrelevanttoourassignedtasksinChina toinvestigatethewaysofearlychildhoodeducation especiallyinthearts andtothrowlightonChineseattitudestowardcreativity AndsobeforelongIbegantointroducethekey slotanecdoteintomydiscussionswithChineseeducators TWODIFFERENTWAYSTOLEARNWithafewexceptionsmyChinesecolleaguesdisplayedthesameattitudeasthestaffattheJinlingHotel Sinceadultsknowhowtoplacethekeyinthekeyslot whichistheultimatepurposeofapproachingtheslot andsincethechildisneitheroldenoughnorcleverenoughtorealizethedesiredactiononhisown whatpossiblegainisachievedbyhavinghimstruggle Hemaywellgetfrustratedandangry certainlynotadesirableoutcome Whynotshowhimwhattodo Hewillbehappy hewilllearnhowtoaccomplishthetasksooner andthenhecanproceedtomorecomplexactivities likeopeningthedoororaskingforthekey bothofwhichaccomplishmentscan andshould induecoursebemodeledforhimaswell Welistenedtosuchexplanationssympatheticallyandexplainedthat firstofall wedidnotmuchcarewhetherBenjaminsucceededininsertingthekeyintotheslot Hewashavingagoodtimeandwasexploring twoactivitiesthatdidmattertous Butthecriticalpointwasthat intheprocess weweretryingtoteachBenjaminthatonecansolveaproblemeffectivelybyoneself Suchself relianceisaprincipalvalueofchildrearinginmiddle classAmerica Solongasthechildisshownexactlyhowtodosomething whetheritbeplacingakeyinakeyslot drawingahenormakingupforamisdeed heislesslikelytofigureouthimselfhowtoaccomplishsuchatask And moregenerally heislesslikelytoviewlife asAmericansdo asaseriesofsituationsinwhichonehastolearntothinkforoneself tosolveproblemsonone sownandeventodiscovernewproblemsforwhichcreativesolutionsarewanted TEACHINGBYHOLDINGHISHANDInretrospect itbecamecleartomethatthisincidentwasindeedkey andkeyinmorethanonesense Itpointedtoimportantdifferencesintheeducationalandartisticpracticesinourtwocountries Whenourwell intentionedChineseobserverscametoBenjamin srescue theydidnotsimplypushhishanddownclumsilyoruncertainly asImighthavedone Instead theyguidedhimwithextremefacilityandgentlenessinpreciselythedesireddirection IcametorealizethattheseChinesewerenotjustmoldingandshapingBenjamin sperformanceinanyoldmanner InthebestChinesetradition theywerebazheshoujiao teachingbyholdinghishand somuchsothathewouldhappilycomebackformore Theideathatlearningshouldtakeplacebycontinualcarefulshapingandmoldingappliesequallytothearts Watchingchildrenatworkinaclassroomsetting wewereastonishedbytheirfacility Childrenasyoungas5or6werepaintingflowers fishandanimalswiththeskillandconfidenceofanadult calligraphers9and10yearsoldwereproducingworksthatcouldhavebeendisplayedinamuseum Inavisittothehomesoftwooftheyoungartists welearnedfromtheirparentsthattheyworkedonperfectingtheircraftforseveralhoursaday CREATIVITYFIRST Intermsofattitudestocreativitythereseemstobeareversalofpriorities youngWesternersmakingtheirboldestdeparturesfirstandthengraduallymasteringthetradition andyoungChinesebeingalmostinseparablefromthetradition but overtime possiblyevolvingtoapointequallyoriginal OnewayofsummarizingtheAmericanpositionistostatethatwevalueoriginalityandindependencemorethantheChinesedo Thecontrastbetweenourtwoculturescanalsobeseenintermsofthefearswebothharbor Chineseteachersarefearfulthatifskillsarenotacquiredearly theymayneverbeacquired thereis ontheotherhand nocomparablehurrytopromotecreativity Americaneducatorsfearthatunlesscreativityhasbeenacquiredearly itmayneveremerge ontheotherhand skillscanbepickeduplater However Idonotwanttooverstatemycase ThereisenormouscreativitytobefoundinChinesescientific technologicalandartisticinnovationspastandpresent AndthereisadangerofexaggeratingcreativebreakthroughsintheWest Whenanyinnovationisexaminedclosely itsrelianceonpreviousachievementsisalltooapparent the standingontheshouldersofgiants phenomenon ButassumingthatthecontrastIhavedevelopedisvalid andthatthefosteringofskillsandcreativityarebothworthwhilegoals theimportantquestionbecomesthis Canwegather fromtheChineseandAmericanextremes asuperiorwaytoapproacheducation perhapsstrikingabetterbalancebetweenthepolesofcreativityandbasicskills NewWordsandExpressionsstylen mannerofdoingthings行为方式 风格bustlinga fullofbusyactivity繁忙的 熙攘的kindergartenn 幼儿园elementarya 基本的 初级的 基础的tellinga impressive effective难忘的 有力的lobbyn 旅馆的 大堂 公共场所入口处的 大厅 attachvt fastenorjoin onethingtoanother 系 贴 连接attendant n 服务员 侍者 随从slot n anarrowopening狭缝 狭槽vigorouslyad energetically用力地 精力充沛地vigorousa tendera young gentleandloving年幼的 温柔的notintheleastnotatallfindone swayreachadestinationnaturally arriveat到达 进入 流入 bangv causeto makeasuddenloudnoise esp byhittingtwothingstogether猛敲 猛击 exploratorya doneinordertofindoutsth 探索的phenomenon plphenomenaorphenomenons n 现象staffn 全体职工 全体雇员initiala oforatthebeginning first开始的 最初的assistv help帮助 repositionvt 改变 的位置insertvt put fit place in into between 插入 嵌入somewhatad tosomedegree alittle有点 稍微expectantlyad 期待地awaitvt fml waitfor等待 等候occasionn aparticulartimewhensth happens时刻 场合onoccasionnowandthen有时 间或frownv n 皱眉 slightlyad 轻微地slighta neglectvt givetoolittleattentionorcareto忽视parentala ofaparentorparents父的 母的 父母的relevanta directlyconnectedwiththesubject有关的 切题的investigatev trytofindoutinformationabout调查 探究creativityn theabilitytomakenewthings创造力 anecdote n ashortamusingstoryaboutaparticularpersonorevent趣闻 轶事exceptionn 例外colleaguen apersononeworkswith同事actionn 动作 行动onone sownwithoutanyone shelp alone独立地 独自地desirablea worthwanting值得向往的 称心的accomplishvt managetodo sth 完成 某事 activityn 活动 行动accomplishmentn skill successfulcompletion本领 技艺 完成 成就 induecourseatthepropertime在适当时机sympatheticallyad 同情地sympathetica criticala veryimportant veryseriousordangerous至关重要的 危急的effectivelyad 有效地effectivea self reliancen actingwithoutaskingforsupportfromothers依靠自己 自力更生principala ratherfml main chief主要的 首要的rearvt lookafteruntilfullygrownup养育 抚养 makeupforrepaywithsth good compensatefor补偿 弥补misdeedn awrongorwickedact不端行为viewvt fml regard consider看待 考虑creativea resultingfromnewnessofthought独创的solutionn theactoffinding ananswertoaproblem解决 问题的办法 解答inretrospect回顾artistica relatingtoart艺术的 well intentioneda havinggoodintentions好意的intentionn purpose意图observern 观察者 观察员clumsilyad awkwardlyandungracefully笨拙地clumsya extremea verygreat极度的 极端的n thefurthestpossiblelimit anextremedegree极端 过分facilityn fml abilitytodosth easilyandwell pl equipment aids etc whichmakeiteasytodothings熟练 灵巧 设备 设施 moldvt make sth intoaparticularshapeorform塑造performancen 表现 行为 演出 表演traditionn 传统 continuala happeningagainandagain repeated不断的 一再重复的applyvi 适用 申请calligraphern 书法家workno at从事craftn skill esp withone shand手艺 工艺reversaln acompletechangeoforder direction orposition颠倒 priorityn sth thatonemustdobeforeanythingelse sth thatholdsahighplaceamongcompetingclaims优先考虑的事 重点bolda braveandconfident勇敢的 无畏的departuren actiondifferentfrom whatisusualorexpected anactofleaving背离 出发 离开inseparablea impossibletoseparatefromsth else不可分离的 evolvev causeto developgradually 使 逐步发展summarizevt makeashortaccountofthemainpoints ofsth 总结 概述originalityn 新颖 独创性 independencen thestateofbeingfreeornotcontrolledbyanotherperson country etc 独立 自主contrastv 对比 culturen 文化harborvt keep sth secretlyinone smind怀有fearfula fml afraid害怕的 担心的 ontheonehand ontheotherhand一方面 另一方面 comparablea thatcanbecomparedwithsth 比得上的 可比的 promotevt helptogrowordevelop促进 推进emergeeout出现pickupgain learn获得 学会overstatevt statetoostrongly把 讲得过分 夸大enormousa extremelylarge巨大的 极大的technologicala 技术的 工艺的 innovation n anexampleof theintroductionofsth new革新 新事物exaggeratev make sth seemlarger better etc thanitreallyis夸大 夸张breakthrough n animportanteventordiscovery突破reliance n dependence依靠 依赖achievementn 成就 成绩valida basedontruthorsoundreasoning有根据的foster vt helpthegrowthanddevelopmentof培养worthwhilea worthdoing worththetroubletaken值得的 superiora betterthanaverageorthanothersofthesametype优良的 较好的ProperNamesHowardGardner霍华德 加德纳Ellen埃伦 女子名 Nanjing南京Jinling金陵饭店LanguageSenseEnhancement1 Readaloudparagraphs12 14andlearnthembyheart 2 Readaloudthefollowingpoem WorkingClassTanyaDlinn WhatamesssaidMissMawganOnecoldandrainydaySoIsaidwe dworktogetherAswecan tgoouttoplaySoItidiedupthebookshelfWhileJacksortedoutthepensCharmain sdrawerwasverymessyButnotashadasBen sShauntidiedupthecardboardSophiesortedoutthepaperMrGoodhallputourpicturesupUsinghisbigstaplerAndwhenweallhadfinishedAndtheclasslookedverycleanWeallweregivenmeritsForworkingasateam 3 Readthefollowingquotations Learnthembyheartifyoucan Youmightneedtolookupnewwordsinadictionary Whatoneknowsis inyouth oflittlemoment theyknowenoughwhoknowhowtolearn HenryAdamsBecuriousalways Forknowledgewillnotacquireyou youmustacquireit SudieBackTheuniverseisfullofmagicalthingspatientlywaitingforourwitstogrowsharper EdenPhillpottsThewholeartofteachingisonlytheartofawakeningthenaturalcuriosityofyoungmindsforthepurposeofsatisfyingitafterwards AnatoleFrance 4 Readthefollowinghumorousstoryforfun Youmightneedtolookupnewwordsinadictionary Whilevisitingmybrotherandsister in law IwassurprisedtofindLee myyoungnephew helpingthembakecupcakes Aftertheyweredone mysister in lawallowedhimtoputtheicingon Whenhehadfinished hebroughtthemtothetableforourapproval Thecupcakeslookbeautiful Lee mybrothersaid Howdidyougetthemicedsoevenly Mynephewreplied Ilickedthem UnitTwo Values PartIPre ReadingTaskListentotherecordingtwoorthreetimesandthenthinkoverthefollowingquestions 1 Whoisitabout 2 Whathappenedtohimoneday 3 Doyouthinkitwasworthwhiletowalktwoorthreemilestopaybackthesixandaquartercents 4 Isthestoryrelatedtothethemeoftheunit values Thefollowingwordsintherecordingmaybenewtoyou dismayn 沮丧 失望disturbvt 使不安conscientiousa 认真的 尽职的 PartIITextA Doesbeingrichmeanyouliveacompletelydifferentlifefromordinarypeople Not itseems ifyournameisSamWalton THERICHESTMANINAMERICA DOWNHOMEArtHarrisHeputonadinnerjackettoserveasawaiteratthebirthdaypartyofTheRichestManinAmerica Heimaginedwhatsurelyawaited amansion a Rolls Royceforeverydayoftheweek dogswithdiamondcollars servantseverywhere Thenhewasofftothehouse wheelingpastthesleepytownsquareinBentonville aremoteArkansastownof9 920 whereSamWaltonstartedwithalittledimestorethatgrewintoa 6billiondiscountchaincalledWal Mart Hedrovedownacountryroad turnedatamailboxmarked SamandHelenWalton andjumpedoutatahouseinthewoods Itwasnice butnopalace Thefurnitureappearedalittleworn Anoldpickuptrucksatinthegarageandamuddybirddogranabouttheyard Heneverspottedanyservants Itwasarealdisappointment sighswaiterJamieBeaulieu OnlyinAmericacanabillionairecarryonlikeplainfolksandgetawaywithit Andthe67 year olddiscountkingSamMooreWaltonstilltravelsthesewindybackroadsinhis1979Fordpickup redandwhite birddogsbyhisside and comeshootingseason waitsinlinelikeeveryoneelsetobuyshellsatthelocalWal Mart Hedoesn twantanyspecialtreatment saysnightmanagerJohnnyBaker whostrugglestocallthebossbyhisfirstnameasarecentcorporatememocommands Fewherethinkofhisbillions theycallhim Mr Sam andaccepthisfolksyways He sthesamemanwhoopenedhisdimestoreonthesquareandworked18hoursadayforhisdream saysMayorRichardHoback Byallaccounts he sfriendly cheerful afineneighborwhodoeshisbesttoblendin neverflashy neverthrowinghisweightaround NomatterhowbigatimehehadonSaturdaynight youcanfindhiminchurchonSunday Surelyinareservedseat right Wedon thavereservedseats saysGordonGarlingtonIII pastorofthelocalchurch SowheredoesTheRichestManinAmericasit Whereverhefindsaseat Look he sjustnotthatway Hedoesn thaveasetplace Atachurchsuppertheothernight heandhiswifewereinbackwashingdishes For19years he susedthesamebarber JohnMayhallfindshimwaitingwhenheopensupat7a m Hechatsaboutthenationalnews orreadsinhischair perhapstheBentonCountyDailyDemocrat anotherWaltonpropertythatkeepshimoffthefrontpage ItburiedtheForbeslistatthebottomofpage2 He sjustnotafront pageperson anewspaperemployeeexplains Butonerecentmorning TheRichestManinAmericadidsomethingthatwouldhavemadeheadlinesanywhereintheworld Heforgothismoney Isaid Forgetit takecareofitnexttime saysbarberMayhall Buthesaid No I llgetit andhewenthomeforhiswallet Wasn tthat well alittlestrange Nosir saysMayhall theonlythingstrangeaboutSamWaltonisthatheisn tstrange ButjusthowlongWaltoncanholdfirmtohisfolksyhabitswithcelebrityhunterskeepingfollowinghimwhereverhegoesisanyone sguess EversinceForbesmagazinepronouncedhimAmerica srichestman with 2 8billioninWal Martstock he sbeenarichmanontherun steeringclearofreporters dreamers andschemers HemaybetherichestbyForbesrankings sayscorporateaffairsdirectorJimVonGremp buthedoesn tknowwhetherheisornot andhedoesn tcare Hedoesn tspendmuch Heownsstock buthe salwaysleftitinthecompanysoitcouldgrow Buttherealstoryinhismindisthesuccessachievedbythe100 000peoplewhomakeuptheWal Martteam He susuallybackhomeforFridaysalesmeetings ortheexecutivepeprallySaturdaymorningat7a m whenWalton ashedoesatnewstoreopenings isliabletojumpuponachairandleadeveryoneintheWal Martcheer GivemeaW GivemeanA GivemeanL Louder Andloudertheyyell Nooneadmitstofeelingtheleastbitsilly It sallpartoftheWal MartwayoflifeaslaiddownbySam loyalty hardwork longhours getideasintothesystemfromthebottomup Japanese style treatyourpeopleright cutpricesandmarginstotheboneandsleepwellatnight Employeeswithoneyearonboardqualifyforstockoptions andareurgedtobuyalltheycan Afterthepeprally there sbirdhunting ortennisonhisbackyardcourt Buthisstoresarealwaysonhismind OnetennisguestmanagedtoputhimoffhisgamebyaskingwhyacanofballscostmoreinoneWal Martthananother Itturnedouttobeuntrue butthemoveworked Waltonlostfourstraightgames Waltonsetupacollegescholarshipfundforemployees children adisasterrelieffundtorebuildemployeehomesdamagedbyfires floods tornadoes andthelike Hebelievedincultivatingideasandrewardingsuccess He dsay Thatfellowworkedhard let sgivehimalittleextra recallsretiredpresidentFeroldF Arend whowasstunnedatsuchgenerosityafterthestingyemployerhelefttojoinWal Mart IhadtochangemywayofthinkingwhenIcameaboard Thereasonforoursuccess saysWalton inacompanyhandout isourpeopleandthewaythey retreatedandthewaytheyfeelabouttheircompany Theybelievethingsaredifferenthere buttheydeservethecredit AddscompanylawyerJimHendren I veneverseenanyoneyetwhoworkedforhimorwasaroundhimforanylengthoftimewhowasn tbetteroff AndIdon tmeanjustfinancially althoughalotofpeopleare It sjustsomethingabouthim comingintocontactwithSamWaltonjustmakesyouabetterperson NewWordsandExpressionsmansion n alargehouse usu belongingtoarichperson 豪华的 宅邸 大厦remotea farawayinspaceortime遥远的dimen 美国 加拿大的 10分硬币billionnum 美 法 十亿 英 德 万亿discountn amountofmoneywhichmaybetakenoffthefullprice折扣pickupn alightvanhavinganopenbodywithlowsides小卡车 轻型货车muddy a coveredinmud沾满泥的 泥泞的 sighvi 叹气 叹息billionairen 亿万富翁 大富翁carryonbehaveinawildorimproperway conduct continue举止随便 进行 继续做folkn usu pl peopleingeneral人们 人民getawaywithdo sth withoutbeingcaughtorpunished做 某事 而未被发觉或未受惩罚shelln AmE 猎枪弹 炮弹 壳locala ofaparticularplace地方的 当地的treatmentn 对待 待遇 corporate a 公司的memo n anoteofsth toberemembered备忘录folksya simpleandfriendly友好的 坦率的mayorn 市长by fromallaccountsaccordingtowhateveryonesays人人都说cheerfula ofaperson happyinalivelyway ofsth makingonefeelhappy愉快的 令人愉快的 blend v mixtogetherthoroughly 将 混合blendinmixharmoniously融洽 十分协调flashya attractingattentionbybeingtoosmartanddecorated浮华的 华而不实的throwone sweightaround infml 盛气凌人reservevt keepforaspecialuse book aseat room table etc 将 留作专用 预定pastorn 牧师 barbern 理发师openup infml 开门 打开democratn 民主党人 民主主义者employeen 雇员 受雇者headlinen 报纸上的 标题wallet n 皮夹子holdtokeepto遵守 不改变celebrityn famousperson名人 stockn 资本 股票 证券ontheruninflight continuouslyactive奔逃 逃避 忙个不停steerv 驾驶steerclearofkeepawayfrom避开 避免reportern 记者schemern 阴谋家schemen 阴谋 计划 rankingn 地位 等级rankv 将 列为 某等级 makeupform constitute构成 组成executiven a 经营管理方面的 人员 行政方面的 人员 pepn infml keenactivityandenergy劲头 活力rallyn v 集会peprallyagatheringintendedtoencouragethelisteners鼓舞士气的会议openingn theactofbecomingormakingopen esp officially 正式的 开张 开幕 liablea likely todosht 有可能做 的yell v shoutloudly喊叫 laydownestablish制定 设立loyaltyn beingtrueandfaithful to 忠诚systemn 系统qualifyv 使 具有资格optionn 期权 购买 或出售 权 选择自由 stockoption优先认股权courtn 球场scholarshipn 奖学金tornadon 龙卷风culti