2017届高考英语第一轮总复习课时作业检测23.doc

Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars你接受了一项写作任务，要为英语校报写一篇有关UFO的文章。请根据以下信息，简要介绍UFO。名称简介UFO是Unidentified Flying Object 的缩写世界十大未解之谜之一有关事件首次目击报告是在1878年的美国从那以后目击报告层出不穷，有许多是虚假的人们的看法来自其他行星的太空飞船一种自然现象外星人研究状况三分之一的国家对UFO展开研究大量关于UFO的图书和期刊出版有些大学开设UFO课程外星人 alien 精彩美文UFO, which is short for Unidentified Flying Object, has long been regarded as one of the top 10 unsolved mysteries in the world. The first UFO sighting was reported to have happened in America in 1878. Since then, numerous sightings have been reported all over the world, many of which turned out to be false. Some people think UFOs are spaceships from other planets, others believe that theyre just a kind of natural phenomenon and still others guess theyre aliens. Now about one third of the countries in the world are doing research on UFOs, about which many books and journals have been published, and in some universities courses are even set up to study UFOs.名师点睛1文章体裁：说明文。2行文逻辑：介绍UFO人们的看法研究状况。3词汇短语：运用了较高级的词汇和短语。如：be short for(是的简称)，be regarded as(被认为是)，turn out(结果)，set up(建立，成立)等。4句式句法：运用了多样化的句式结构。如：定语从句：which is short for Unidentified Flying Object, many of which turned out to be false, about which many books and journals have been published；宾语从句：that theyre just a kind of natural phenomenon and still others guess theyre aliens等。.单词荟萃1_n天文学_n天文学家2_n生物学_n生物学家biological adj.生物学的3_n物理学家_adj.物理学的_n物理，物理学4_vi.存在_n存在5_ vt.使迷惑 n难题；谜_adj.迷惑不解的6_adj.猛烈的_n暴力_adv.猛烈地7_adj.有害的_n害处 vt.对有害8_ n球体；地球仪_adj.全世界的；全球性的9_prep.不像；和不同_(反义词)prep. _v. & n不喜欢10_n质量；团；块；大量_ (pl.)群众.短语检测1下蛋_2密切注视；当心；提防 _3既然 _4产生；分娩 _5及时；终于 _6阻止；制止 _7感到高兴；感到振奋 _8突发；爆发 _9挡住(光线) _10轮到某人 _.佳句再现1The earth became _it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.地球变得激烈动荡， 不知道这个形状是否会继续保持下去。2This produced a chain reaction，_ made it possible for life to develop.这引起了连锁反应，为生命的发展提供了可能。3But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried _ on the earth and fell over. 但当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。4So _ life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come _ whether this problem can be solved. 所以， 在未来的数百万年中， 生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。5As a result of this event, a great dust cloud formed in the sky _ the sunlight. 由于这一事件，天空中形成一大团尘埃，遮住了阳光。.课文回顾The earth was just a cloud of 1._ (dusty) after the “Big Bang”. The 2._ (explode) of the earth produced water vapour, which turned into water when the earth 3._ (cool) down. Water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases into the oceans and seas. That made 4._ possible for life to begin to develop. The 5._(arrive) of small plants encouraged the 6._(develop) of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Many millions of years later the first green plants began to appear on land. Later land animals appeared.Some were insects. Others, called amphibians，7._(be) able to live on land as well as in the water. Finally, some small clever animals appeared and spread all over the earth. But they treat the planet in an 8._(friend) way, and the earth becomes too 9._(pollute). Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on 10._ this problem can be solved. 单词点睛1 harmfuladj. 有害的；伤害的(causing or capable of causing harm)(1)be harmful to对有害(2)do sb harm/do harm to sb 伤害某人There is (no) harm in (sbs) doing sth (某人)做某事有(无)害处(3)harm n& vt. 损伤；伤害harmless adj. 无害的【活学活用】(1)2015江苏卷阅读B Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.在生产过程中产生的废品也是有害的。(2)Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are harmful to (_) ocean animals.对于危害海洋动物健康的噪声的强度和种类，科学家们了解甚少。(3)It never occurred to him that his carelessness could do _ to himself. 他从未想到他的粗心会对自己造成如此巨大的伤害。(4)They may not be able to help but theres no harm in _(ask) them.他们可能帮不上忙，但求他们一下倒也无妨。2 existvi.存在；生存(1)exist on sth (live on sth)靠某物生存exist in 存在于之中exist as 作为而存在，以形态存在There exists 有/存在 (2)existence n. 存在in existence 现存的；现有的come into existence 产生；存在bring into existence 使发生；使产生；使成立温馨提示 exist没有被动语态，也不能用于进行时态。【活学活用】(1)2015全国卷阅读D If people had normal lives, these cafes wouldnt exist.如果人们过着正常的生活，这些咖啡厅就不会存在了。(2)These services can _ your systems or in other organizations systems. 这些服务可以存在于您的系统或其他组织的系统中。(3)According to some philosophers, everything in _ is reasonable.一些哲学家认为，存在的事物都是合理的。(4)Ever since a long time ago, there have existed different opinions among scientists on how the universe first existed (_)长期以来，在宇宙起源的这个问题上，科学家们一直存在着不同看法。3 preventv阻止；制止prevent/stop/keepfrom doing sth 阻止做某事protectfrom 保护不受侵袭；挡住；防御keepdoing sth 使一直做某事【巧学助记】温馨提示 (1)在主动语态中，stop/preventfrom doing sth中可省去from，而keepfrom doing sth中的from不可省略； 在被动语态中，这三个搭配中的from均不可省略。(2)在protectfrom结构中，from后接能带来伤害或损害之物。【活学活用】(1)2015北京卷阅读C The real challenge is preventing light from scattering. 真正的挑战是防止光散射。(2)I am very sorry that a previous engagement prevents me _ accepting your kind invitation.很抱歉，因为我早已有约会，所以不能接受你友好的邀请。(3)Every possible means should be taken to prevent the river from _. 应该采取各种可能的措施来防止这条河流受到污染。(4)Unless we get more funding well _finishing our experimental programme.如果我们得不到更多的经费，我们将无法完成实验项目。4 puzzlen. 谜；难题vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难(1)puzzle sb使某人为难be puzzled by 被迷惑puzzle about/over sth 苦苦思索；仔细琢磨(2)be in a puzzle about sth 对某事迷惑不解(3)puzzling adj. 令人困惑的puzzled adj. 感到困惑的温馨提示 puzzled意为“迷惑的，不解的”，往往用于指人或人的表情、脸色、声音等；puzzling意为“令人迷惑的，让人不解的”，往往指物。【活学活用】(1)2015四川卷阅读E People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.长期以来，人们很不解的是埃及人是如何移动这些巨石的。(2)How these creatures can survive in such severe conditions _ scientists.这些生物是如何在这样艰难的条件下存活的，这使科学家们很疑惑。(3)The police are still puzzling (_)about/over how the accident could have happened.警察仍然在苦思这起事故是怎么发生的。(4)Due to their _ nightmares the villagers have felt _ recently.因为最近村民们总做恶梦，所以大家都为此困惑不解。(5)The reporters as well as some critics remained _ by the election results.一些评论家和记者们仍然对这次大选的结果困惑不解。5 pulln. & vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力pullup把往上拽pull down 拆毁；摧毁pull in (车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠pull over 靠向路边pull out 驶出；退出pull through 康复；痊愈【活学活用】(1)2015天津卷阅读C I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random.我坐在地板上，从书架上随便抽了几本书。(2)I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round.我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。(3)用pull短语的适当形式填空。The policeman signalled the driver to _ his car so that he could check his license.The foreign firm decided to _ because of strikes. He _ his illness after the doctor had almost given him up.If you can _ your English grammar you stand a good chance of succeeding in the exam.短语储存1 in time(sooner or later)迟早；(eventually)最后；(early or soon enough)及时on time准时all the time 一直，始终at one time 曾经，一度at a time 每次，逐一from time to time 有时，偶尔in no time 立刻，马上at times 有时温馨提示 in time 后可接for sth/to do sth 的形式，意为“做某事及时/来得及”。【活学活用】(1)2014四川卷阅读B We arrived in the summer, just in time to enjoy the midnight sun.我们是夏季到的，正好赶上欣赏子夜的太阳。(及时)(2)He was involved in a murder and in time they would pick him up. 他参与了一起谋杀案，迟早他们会找到他并将他逮捕。(迟早)(3)It sounds as if you are getting treatment, and I hope that some mixture of drugs and cognitive behaviour therapy will help in time.听起来你好像正在接受治疗，我希望药物加上认知行为疗法最终能帮到你。(最终)(4)用time的相关短语填空。If you keep on, youll succeed _The car came to a stop just_to prevent an accident._， half the land on the earths surface was covered by the forest.Well have had the leak fixed_2 in ones turn轮到某人；接着in turn依次；轮流；反之；反过来by turns 轮流；交替地take turns to do sth 轮流做某事It is ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。It turns/turned out that 结果是【活学活用】(1)Mr Franklin seemed to be as helpless as his cousin when he heard the news in his turn.当弗兰克林先生听到这个消息时，他也像他的表哥一样一筹莫展。(2)It was my turn _(recite). How I wish I had been able to say the rules without a mistake!轮到我背诵了，我多么希望我能够一点也不错地把那些规则说出来啊！(3)The young parents had to _ to look after their sick baby.这对年轻的父母不得不轮流照看着他们生病的婴儿。(4)The change of the climate makes the earth warmer. _， the warmth of the earth changes the climate, too.气候的变化导致全球气温升高，反之，地球的升温也在改变气候。句型透视1 But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.但当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。倍数as形容词/副词as【句式点拨】该句型表示“是的几倍”，该句型也可用half, one fourth等词，表示“是的一半/四分之一等”。 常见的倍数的表达方式有：(1)倍数as形容词/副词原级as(2)倍数形容词/副词比较级than(3)倍数the size/height/weight/depth/of(4)倍数as many/much名词as【活学活用】(1)The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as big as the present one.three times bigger than the present one.three times the size of the present one.正在为下届亚运会而建设的新体育场将是目前这个体育场的三倍。(2)The gravity on the surface of Mars is about _ as it is on the earth. (strong)火星表面的引力大约是地球表面引力的三分之一。(3)Kenya, a land more than _ Britain, is everywhere parched. (size)肯尼亚，一个面积是英国两倍多的地方，四处干旱炎热。(4)It is reported that the United States uses _ the whole of Europe.(much，as)据报道，美国使用的能源是整个欧洲的两倍多。2 This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.这引起了连锁反应，为生命的发展提供了可能。make it possible使成为可能【句式点拨】本句是“make it形容词/名词 to do sth”句型。其中it为形式宾语，指代后面的不定式结构。it作形式宾语，除指代不定式结构外，还可指代that引导的宾语从句。【活学活用】 (1)The issue of fair and equal education has aroused widespread concern, which makes it possible for more students from lessdeveloped areas to be enrolled in universities. 教育的公平问题引起了大家的广泛关注，这使得更多来自不发达地区的学生有可能上大学。(2)People in the West make it a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.在西方，人们常在圣诞节时购买礼物给他们的亲属和朋友。(3)2015广东卷阅读C Traditional wisdom also has _ that heavy televisionwatching lowers IQ(智商) scores and affects school performance. 传统的观点也认为看电视过多会降低智商得分并影响在校的表现。.单句填空1Now theres a system _the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology.2During those four years, he worked day and night, thus_(improve) his theory gradually until it was complete.3Sometimes he found _very hard to fall asleep at night, so he went to see the doctor.4What makes me _(puzzle) is why he left the country without telling anyone.5Formaldehyde(甲醛) is used in the building materials, which is as _(harm) a chemical to our health as melamine(三聚氰胺)6_we should work out a plan to deal with the present serious situation is important.7She strongly objected to my mothers marriage. Surprisingly, my mothers reaction _ it was rather calm.8The argument remains extremely heated on whether there are necessary conditions of _ (exist) such as water on Mars.9“I begin to feel the ground beneath me shaking and then I feel the whole entire building is _ (violent) rocking around，” she said.10What we believed firmly was that dangerous areas did not prevent him from _ (continue) his search.单句改错1The school has developed an online system which students can choose their own teachers.2Apes have flexible hands much like ours but unlike that of any other creature. 3That he considered a great proposal was turned down by the boss at the meeting.4Whenever I get in trouble, my father always encourages me, “Dont worry, my girl. Im sure everything will get better on time.”5The new bridge is three times width of that one built last year.6Tired as I was, in fact, I was prevented sleeping by the pain in my knee.7We hope the new machine will work faster, instead reducing our costs.8When people in the room heard someone crying “Fire! Fire！” they were seized by panic and began to run towards all directions.9Teachers can help them learn to take risks in an atmosphere that they feel confident about doing so.10Because there is no air or wind on the moon, the footprints may stay there for million of years.完成课时作业(十四)Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars【基础自主梳理】.1.astronomy；astronomer2.biology；biologist3physicist；physical；physics4.exist；existence5puzzle；puz