Unit3 Alienation and the Internet

WorldWideWebTechnology Unit3 AlienationandtheInternet FreeT 3 FreeT 4 FreeT 5 FreeT 6 FreeT 7 FreeT 8 FreeT 9 FreeT 10 FreeT 11 Pre readingquestions 1 Doyougoonlineeveryday WhatdoyouoftendoontheInternet 2 Areyouanetworm Isitgoodtobeone 3 WhatbenefitsandharmscanInternetbringtoyou FreeT 12 Let shaveaDebate TheadvantagesoftheInternetoutweighitsdisadvantagesAffirmativeside moreadvantagesNegativeside moredisadvantages FreeT 13 Advantages Itgivesuseasyaccesstoalotofinformationweneed 1 Itmakescommunicationsfasterandmoreeffectivewithoutthehindranceofphysicaldistance 2 Itmakesourlifemorecolorfulwithvariouskindsofgames 3 Itcanhelpusforgetourmiseries atleasttemporarily 4 13 SchoolofForeignStudies FreeT 14 Itcanmakeusfeeladdictedtoitandtakealotourtimewithwhichwecandosomethingmoreimportant Thevirtualworlditofferscanmakeusforgetwhowereallyareanddevelopanunrealisticattitudetowardslife Wecanbedeceivedbysomeoneinthecyberspacewithillintentions CommunicationsontheInternetisfarfrombeingsafebecauseofthevirusesandoccasionalbreakdownofthecomputersystem Disadvantages 14 FreeT 15 E Mail Communica tion Information E Conference Business Internet Onlinegames Shopping Entertain ment Alienation FreeT 16 Text AlienationandtheInternet BackgroundinformationAbouttheauthor WillBakerisanessayistinVermontoftheUnitedStates mantra Paragraph4 OriginallyitisawordorsoundinHinduismandBuddhismrepeatedtoaidconcentrationinmeditation默想 冥想 Hereitmeansastatementorsloganrepeatedfrequently 印度教 曼特罗 祷文 符咒 FreeT 17 Utopia Paragraph7 OriginallyitreferstoanimaginaryislanddescribedinSirThomasMore sUtopia 1516 asenjoyingperfectioninlaw politics etc Hereitisusedforanidealstate FreeT 18 Analysis Thistextfallsintothegenreofargumentation argumentativewriting whichistypicallycomposedofthreeparts i e theopeningpartorthethesispart theargumentpart andthesummarypartorconclusionpart Trytodividethepassage FreeT 19 PartDivision SchoolofForeignStudies 19 Mainbody theauthorsupportshispointwithevidencesandreasons Conclusion theauthorreiterateshispointthatonlywhenwemakeamoderateuseoftheInternetcanwefullyrealizeitspotentialwithouthavingoursenseofrealityskewed PartII Para 3 6 PartIII Para 7 Introduction theInternetmayberesponsibleforfurtheringthefragmentationofsocietybyalienatingitsindividualusers PartI Para 1 2 FreeT 20 Topicsentence HoweverIamalsotroubledbythepossibleunintendednegativeconsequences Concludingstatement Allthisbeingsaid IbelievethatthekeytorealizingthepotentialoftheInternetisinachievingbalanceinourlives FreeT 21 Summary wordfilling TheInternetmakesfreee ofideaspossible Iamexcitedatthehugead theInternetcouldbringtous Meanwhile I mconcernedwiththedis attachedtoit Howcansomethingu peopleands peopleatthesametime IhaveafriendwhotoldmehissymptomsofbeingInternet a Hesayshecouldremainon lineformorethan24hoursnon stop butheoftenfeelsl andd FreeT 22 Inmyview thef ofsocietybeganafterWWII whentheuseofautomobilesbecamecommonplace Later withthedevelopmentoftheI peoplearemorecloselyunifiedwithothersintheworldbutfurtherseparatedfromtheire families Theproblemliesinthatpeoplearejustcognitivelyo Theycannottellthevirtuale createdbytheInternetfromther world Thekeytosolvingthisproblemistoachieveb inourlives sothatwecouldrealizeallitsp withoutlosingoursenseofplaceintheworld FreeT 23 Languagework further helpforwardAdditionaltrainingisprobablythebestwaytofurtheryourcareerthesedays Theinterestsofanorganizationwillneverbefurtheredthroughactsofterrorism alienate cause someone tofeelverydistantfromornotwelcometosomeoneelseShewasalienatedfromherbrotherbyherfoolishbehavior Allthesechangestothenewspaperhavealienateditstraditionalreaders FreeT 24 addicted beingdependentonsomethingandwantingtospendasmuchtimedoingitaspossible Someyoungstersarehopelesslyaddictedtovideogames She sbecomeaddictedtolovestories skew causetobenotstraightorexact twistThecompany sresultsforthisyearareskewedbecausenotallourcustomershavepaidtheirbills Today selectionwillskewtheresultsinfavorofthenorthernendofcountry FreeT 25 lament expresssadnessandregretaboutsomethingHelamentedthedeathofhisfriend ShelamentedthatshehadneverbeentoParis attheexpenseof atthesacrificeofAccordingtothisstudy womenhavemadenotablegainsattheexpenseofmen Theorchestrahasmoredisciplinenow butattheexpenseofspirit FreeT 26 confront meetfacetoface setfacetofaceHechallengedhisaccuserstoconfronthimopenly Thelawyerconfrontedtheaccusedmanwiththeforgedcheck value regardhighly esteemWevalueyourcooperationandwouldliketoexpandbusinesswithyou Ivalueyourcommentsonthereport FreeT 27 PartIparagraph1 2 1 Whatistheauthor slongcherishedpositionaboutthestrongpointsoftheInternet 2 Howdidtheauthorstarthisargumentation FreeT 28 1 Giventherelativelyfewrestrictionsgoverningaccessandusage itisthecommunicationsmodalequivalentofinternationalwaters P1 metaphorInternet saccessandusagearesocomparablyfreethattheinternetisjustlikeinternationalwatersforpeopletoswimthroughasmuchastheylike FreeT 29 Given 1 Ifonetakes intoaccount considering E g Giventheirinexperience they vedoneagoodjob E g 考虑到发动机的状况 它能启动就已经是奇迹了 Giventheconditionoftheengine itisawonderthatitevenstarts 2 Grantedasasupposition acknowledgedorassumed 假设的 假定的 承认的或假设的 E g I dcomeandseeyouinNewYork giventhechance 如果有机会 我就到纽约来看你 E g 假如天气好 我们的船将于星期一晚上到达上海 Givengoodweather ourshipwillreachShanghaiMondayevening FreeT 30 Equivalentadj equalinvalue measure force effectorsignificance beequivalenttoE g 这种职位的甘苦相当 Themiseryofsuchapositionisequivalenttoitshappiness n somethingequalinvalue measure force effectorsignificanceE g SomeChinesewordshavenoEnglishequivalents E g Whatistheequivalentoffiftypoundsindollars P1 FreeT 31 Unintended notdeliberateorintentional unplannedE g anunintendedslight非故意的怠慢反义词 intendedDifficultSentencesandStructuresHoweverIamalsotroubledbythepossibleunintendednegativeconsequences HoweverIamalsoworriedaboutthepossibleunexpectednegativeeffects P1 FreeT 32 2 Butmuchlesswidelyreportedhasbeenthenotionthattheinternetmayberesponsibleforfurtheringthefragmentationofsocietybyalienatingitsindividualusers 完全倒装 CompleteInversion that从句是主语notion的同位语 作者在这里到装的目的是为平衡结构 英语修辞的一个重要原则是尾重原则 即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡 在语言使用中为了避免产生头重脚轻 结构不平衡的句子 我们常采用倒装语序 FreeT 33 Fragment fragmentation to causeto breakintopartsorsmallpiecesVi Aftertheelection thecoalition union fragmented Vt Thegovernmentisplanningtofragmenttheindustrybeforeprivatizingit E g 卫星在穿越地球大气层的时候会分裂并烧毁 E g ThesatellitewillfragmentandburnupasitfallsthroughtheEarth satmosphere P2 FreeT 34 Alienate alienating cause someone tofeelverydistantfromornotwelcometosomeoneelseE g 她的愚蠢行为使她的朋友同她疏远了 Shewasalienatedfromherfriendbyherfoolishbehavior Herfoolishbehavioralienatedherfromherfriend E g 这份报纸的变化疏远了它传统的读者 Allthesechangestothenewspaperhavealienateditstraditionalreaders P2 FreeT 35 PartIIparagraph3 6 1 Whenandhowdidthefragmentationofsocietybegin 2 What sthe cruelirony concerningtheuseoftheinternetmentionedinpara4 3 Inpara5 whydoestheauthornarratehisownstory 4 whydoestheauthordiscussthequestionwhethertheinternetisarealplace FreeT 36 Addict vt dependonsomethingandwanttospendasmuchtimedoingitaspossibleE g 麻醉品会使人上瘾 Drugsareaddicting beaddictedtoE g She sbecomeaddictedtolovestories E g 有些年轻人不可救药地迷上了电子游戏 Someyoungstersarehopelesslyaddictedtovideogames n onewhoisaddicted adevotedbelieverorfollowerE g filmaddictE g 我们都是变化的追随者 Wearealladdictsofchange P3 FreeT 37 Inthat becauseinthat引导的状语从句通常置于主句之后 而不放在句首E g Swimmingishealthful inthatalmosteverymuscleinthebodyisbeingexercised because引导的状语从句则可置于主句之前或置于主句之后E g Becauseheissoshy heseldomgoesoutwithgirls Heseldomgoesoutwithgirlsbecauseheissoshy P3 FreeT 38 Binge 1 Aperiodofunrestrained immoderateself indulgence 狂欢 一段不加限制的 过分自我放纵的时间E g 他们昨夜出去狂欢作乐 Theywentonabingelastnight 2 Aperiodofexcessiveoruncontrolledindulgenceinfoodordrink 无节制期 一段过度或放纵暴饮暴食的时间E g aneatingbingeE g 因为失恋 她最近疯狂购物 Becauseofbeinglovelorn sheisengagedinashoppingbingerecently P3 FreeT 39 Skew causetobenotstraightorexact twist distortE g Thecompany sresultsforthisyearareskewedbecausenotallourcustomershavepaidtheirbills E g 今天的选举将使结果向有利于民主党的方向倾斜 Today selectionwillskewtheresultsinfavoroftheDemocrats P3 FreeT 40 Inearnest adv inadeterminedmanner seriously 认真地E g Pleasesettledowntostudyinearnestfortheexamination 请坚定决心认真坐下来复习准备考试 adj determined serious 坚定不移的 严肃的E g 他真的说了他要离开北京 HewasinearnestwhenhesaidhewasleavingBeijing E g 我完全是认真地 不开玩笑 Iamperfectlyinearnest Iamnotjoking E g 我相信当他说要娶她的时候是严肃诚恳的 I msurehewasinearnestwhenhesaidhewantedtomarryher P4 FreeT 41 Itstruckusthat itoccurredtousthat wesuddenlyrealizedthatE g Itstruckmethatyoumightlikesomecoffee soI vebroughtsomeup E g 第二早上我突然想起这套公寓没有淋浴设备 Thenextmorningitstruckmethattherewasnoshowerintheflat Strike enterone smind occurto E g Aterriblethoughtstruckme hadIlockedthedoor E g 我立刻想到了这个解决方法 Thesolutionsuddenlystruckme P5 FreeT 42 DifficultSentencesandStructuresDependinguponhowa realplace isdefineditmightverywellbe Accordingtothedefinitionofa realplace theInternetcouldmostreasonablybeconsideredtobea realplace P6 FreeT 43 Converse n theoppositeE g Itispossible ofcourse thattheconverseofthistheorymayalsobetrue E g 在美国 汽车要沿路的右边行驶 而在英国正好相反 IntheUS carsaredrivenontherightsideoftheroad butinBritaintheconverseapplies adj oppositeE g aconversewind inaconversedirection P6 FreeT 44 Theywonthewar andbyGodtheyweregoingtowinthepeace Theyhaddefeatedtheirenemies andinGod sname theyweredeterminedtoconquerinthepeacetime FreeT 45 3 Butattheexpenseofthetimethatwouldhaveotherwisebeenavailableforinvolvementinotheractivitieswhichmightfosterasenseofcommunityintheirvillages townsandcities P4句子的主干是连词but 介词短语attheexpenseofthetime 实际上Butattheexpenseofthetime 是文章中上一个句子的最后部分 作者在这里之所以将它单独列成一个句子 其目的也是就要强调but后面的内容 complexmultipleattributiveclause FreeT 46 Attheexpenseof atthesacrificeofE g Theorchestrahasmoredisciplinenow butattheexpenseofspirit E g 他完成了那工作 但损害了健康 Hefinishedthejobattheexpenseofhishealth E g 根据这项研究 通过牺牲男人 女人们获得了巨大利益 Accordingtothisstudy womenhavemadenotablegainsattheexpenseofmen P4 FreeT 47 Extendedfamily 大家庭 在过去 父母和他们的孩子以及孩子的孩一子都住在一起 那种四世同堂的大家庭 不过随着时代的发展 这种大家庭已经很少 另一种家庭类型就是nuclearfamily 核心家庭 也就是说 父母和他们的孩子住在一起 这是现在一种比较普遍的家庭类型 还有一种类型叫做singleparentfamily 单亲家庭 就是家里面只有母亲或只有父亲 这种家庭类型主要是父母离婚的产物 blendedfamily 混合型家庭 就是指再婚后的家庭 男女双方的孩子都住在一起 DINK 丁克 家庭 丁克 的英文意思是 双份收人 没有孩子 doubleincomenokids 是近年来新兴的一种家庭模式 这种家庭中只有夫妻二人 不生孩子 既有家庭的温馨 又保持了 单身贵族 的潇洒 FreeT 48 astheysurfthewebsomefolksmightbeconfrontedwithcognitiveoverload WhentheygetontotheInternetforinformation somepeoplemightbefacedwiththeproblemofdealingwithtoomuchinformation FreeT 49 Overloaded FreeT 50 PartIIIparagraph7 1 Accordingtotheauthor whatunderliesthetrendofoverusingtheInternetinoursociety 2 DoestheauthorbelieveitiswithinhumancapacitytoreapthebenefitoftheInternetwithoutbeingpenalized FreeT 51 wherethecyber worldisyourcyber oyster wherethecyber spaceistheverythingthatgivesyouimmediategratification TheauthorindicatesthatpeopletendtooverusetheInternetbecauseitisthebestwayofgettingimmediategratification whichismostvaluedbysociety 其中wherethecyber space 是非限定性定语从句 FreeT 52 不少人认为 在先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开的就是非限定性定语从句 其实这并不完全正确 请看 Asthecrywasrepeatedseveraltimes sherantotellthemanagerwhopromptlyrangupthefire brigade 当她听到几声喊叫时 跑去向经理汇报 经理马上向消防队打了电话 Inthetorchlight hecaughtsightofafigurewhomheimmediatelyrecognizedasBillWilkins ourlocalgrocer 在火炬下 他看到了一个人影 立即认出他是我们本地的食品商 比尔 威尔斯金 Thereareafewmoderncities however thatwerecreatedoutofnothing 然而 有几个城市却完全是从一无所有的空地上建立起来的 FreeT 53 限定性定语从句在意义上有 涉他性 而非限定性定语从句在意义上有 唯一性 例如 Ihaveabrotherwhoworksinachemicalworks 我有个哥哥在化工厂工作 暗示我还有别的哥哥 他或他们不在化工厂工作 Ihaveabrother whoworksinachemicalworks 我有个哥哥 他在化工厂工作 暗示再没有别的哥哥了 FreeT 54 RhetoricalFeatures TheauthorofthistextseemstobelievethattheInternethasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages Thisself contradictionispartlyillustratedbytheuseofantonymssuchasglobalizationandalienation Someotherpairsofantonyms includingwordsandexpressions areusedforthesamepurpose FreeT 55 ClassCheckThedetectiveandhisassistanthavebegunto themysteriousmurder A comethroughB lookintoC makeoverD seeto2 In timeshumanbeingsdidnottravelforpleasurebuttofindamorefavourableclimate A primeB primitiveC primaryD preliminary3 Criticsbelievethatthecontrolbymassadvertisinghas thequalityoftheprograms A affectedB effectedC lessenedD declined FreeT 56 4 Iwentalongthinkingofnothing onlylookingatthingsaroundme A inbriefB indoubtC inharmonyD inparticular5 Therewasan lookonherfacewhenshesawthetrainherhusbandtookarrived A intentB intelligibleC intrinsicD instrumental6 Thenumbers8 9 14are A conscientiousB consensusC conspicuousD consecutive FreeT 57 Textcomprehension IV 1 SincetheInternetcanbereachedandusedwithrelativelyfewrestrictions theInternet asamodeofcommunications issimilartointernationalwaterswhichareopentoallcountriestouse itplaysaroleinconnectingpeopleglobally whichiscomparabletotravelingthroughtheinternationalwaterways 2 Alotofpeopletalkaboutthe newinformationage butnotsomanypeopleareacquaintedwiththeideathattheInternetseparatespeoplefromeachotherandfragmentssocietyfurtherasaresult 3 Ithinkthatinoursocietythetoppriorityisgiventothesatisfactionofone simmediateneeds TheInternetisthebesttoolforthispurpose forontheInternetonecandowhateverhelikesto FreeT 58 VocabularyI 1 abilitytodevelop achieveorsuccess2 causingtofeelverydistantfromornotwelcometootherpeople3 likeditverymuchandwantedtospendasmuchtimedoingitaspossible4 moreinformationthatonecancopewith5 asetofimagesandsoundsproducedbyacomputerwhichseemssorealthatformostpurposesitcanberegardedasrealII 1 forthebetter2 attheexpenseof3 wasconfrontedwith4 tookadvantageof5 inearnest6 areavailablefor7 priorto8 wouldgive pausetothink FreeT 59 III 1 alienating2 globalization3 fragmenting4 addict5 exaggerates6 Depression7 simulated8 gratifiedIV ABBCBADDV 1 intended purposeful intentional planned2 extraordinary unusual3 alienate isolate estrange4 cultivate nurture5 considerable excessive indulgent6 improvement enhancement7 misrepresent falsify8 unimportant trivial minorVI 1 expanses2 thinkingitisnecessary3 commonplace4 athome5 tellyou6 largenumber FreeT 60 TranslationI 1 由于登录和使用互联网的限制相对较少 它的作用就等同于通讯传播中的国际海域 2 咋听起来这似乎相互矛盾 一种东西怎么会既能让人们自由地交流思想 从而使全球融为一体 同时又让人们彼此疏远呢 3 据我所知 此人不喜欢夸大其词 因此当他描述自己的网瘾 说常常连续泡网一天一夜时 这引起了我的思考 4 但代价是消耗了原本可以用来参加一些培养他们村庄及城镇社区意识的活动的时间 FreeT 61 II 1 There snodenyingthatsmokingisaddictive Andonceyouareaddicted it sverydifficulttogetridofthehabit 2 InaJapanese madevideogame playerscansimulatetheexperienceofAIDSfromHIVinfectionuntildeath 3 I msurehewasinearnestwhenhesaidthatyoucouldusethismoneytocontinueyourstudyofmusic 4 Wecanonlyincreaseproductionattheexpenseofquality whichcouldruinthecompany sreputation 5 Sheisnotoftengiventoanger butthistimeshereallylosthertemper 6 Ateacherofforeignlanguageshouldpossessattheveryleastagraduatedegreefromacertifiededucationschoolorinstituteifheistoteachhighschool 7 IsoonperceivedthatIcouldn tmakehimchangehismind FreeT 62 III 互联网已经把我们带入了一个真正的信息时代 而且正在帮助世界各地的人们在一个以前不可想象的范围内相互交流 无论互联网和信息高速公路走的是一条什么样的发展道路 电讯 电视盒计算机行业一致采用数码化的做法永远改变了我们的交际和计算方式 这种一致将使公司能提供以前因技术有限而不能提供的服务 网络电视将使观众能接触互联网 大屏幕 高保真数字电视和DVD有可能改变电影的拍摄方法 卫星将帮助汽车自行回家 家家户户将接收到卫星 微波发射塔 纤维线或铜线传送的信号 FreeT 63 Writingpractice Peoplecannowsho