2020年中考英语语法语法高频考点提升训练 专题7 动词时态与语态

专题7 动词时态与语态考点一、动词时态的分类及其应用时态（表现在实义动词的形式变化上时态名称及物动词必须跟宾语不及物动词不直跟宾语谓动的表现形式一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时do/第三人称单数形式doesdid（谓语动词用过去式）（am/ is/ are）be+doingwas/were+doingwill+do（动词原形）would+do（动词原形）have/(第三人称用has)+donehad+done(过去分词)需要（有实在意义）有明显的时间标志用法表示平时经常或习惯性动作某次过去做某事现在正在做某事过去正在做某事现在将要做某事过去将要做某事到现在已经做某事到过去已经做某事1、一般现在时的用法1) 表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：i leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 表示普遍真理，客观存在，科学事实。如：the earth moves around the sun.2、一般过去时的用法1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。如：where did you go just now?2)表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。如：when i was a child, i often played football in the street.3、现在进行时1) 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。如：we are waiting for you.2)表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。如：mr. green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)3)短暂性动词的进行时一定表示将来的含义。如：we are arriving at london.4、过去进行时1)过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，常和表示过去的状语连用。如：what were you doing at nine last night? 昨晚九点的时候，你在做什么?2)过去进行时也可以表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作。如：from 1983 to 1998 , he was teaching at yale .从1983到1998年，他正在耶鲁大学教书。5、一般将来时1)表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作。2)will do表示主观意愿做某事。如：i will see a movie this morning.表示客观的不以人的意志为转移的客观将来。如：fish will die without water.3) be going to +do表示计划，安排要发生的事。如：the play is going to be produced next month。6、过去将来时立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。如：wang lei said that she was going to visit her uncle next saterday。7、现在完成时1)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如：i have finished my homework. 我做完家庭作业了。(过去某时开始做，到现在已完成。)2)表示：过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，并且有可能继续下去。如：i have studied english for six years. 我已经学了六年英语了。8、过去完成时1)以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。 如：as soon as we got to the station, the train had left.考点二、时态的判断时态判断时态类型时间状语一般现在时often,never every day等一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时ago, yesterday, last week, in 1989 now, these daysat this/ that time yesterdaytomorrow, next yearthe next day/ year/ weekso far,in the past years,since标志频率/真理/时间条件状yesterday, just now,when+从句look, listen与频度副词连用when+过去进行时in+时间段常用于宾语从句中already,yet,ever,never,before,for过去完成时by yesterday/then/the end ofbefore/ by+过去进行时考点三、被动语态的分类及构成定义:英语动词有两种语态，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者它有各种时态。构成:助动词be+及物动词的过去分词（助动词有人称，时态和数的变化）。被动语态的用法： 1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。如：this kind of car is made in shanghai.2.没必要指出动作的执行者。如：riceis grown in southern china.3.需要强调动作的执行者。如：the man is caught by the police.4.动作的发出者不是人。如：the tree was blown down by the strong wind.被动语态（表现在谓语动词的形式变化上及物动词有被动语态不及物动词不直跟宾语谓动的表现形式一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时am / is / are + done（过去分词）was / were + doneam/ is/ are + being + donewas/ were + being + donewill + be donewould + be donehave/ has + been + donehad + been + done需要（表示被动）用于强调用法表示平时经常或习惯性动作某事过去被做某事现在正在被做某事过去正在被做某事将要被做某事过去将要某事某事到现在已经被做某事到过去已经被做时态名称含有情态动词某事可能、必须被做情态动词+ be+ done主动语态变为被动语态的一般变化，通常分三步：1把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+ 过去分词形式，时态要与原句保持一致。3把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在谓语动词之后，by短语可以省略。例：my sisterinvited me to her dinner party.i was invited (by my sister) to her dinner party.注意：1.固定短语在构成被动语态形式时，后面的介词或副词要保留。you should take good care of your sister.your sister should be taken good care of.2.主动语态中感官动词(see, hear, feel, watch, notice等) 以及使役动词（make, let等）后跟省略to的不定式，在被动语态中必须还原to。如：i often see him play basketball.he is often seen to play basketball (by me).3.带有双宾语的动词变成被动语态时，若将直接宾语变为主语，则应在间接宾语前加to或for。如：he showed me a nice photo.i was shown a nice photo.或 a nice photo was shown to me. 4.带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：we always keep our schoolcleanand tidy.our schoolis always kept cleanand tidy. 如：5.以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用by whom放在句首。如：who wrote the story?by whom was the storywritten?或who was the storywritten by?6.不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。如：when we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.7.宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，ving形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语。如：i taught myself math. we helpeach other.一、选择填空1. a mother who _ her son will do everything for his happiness.a. is loving b. loves c. loved d. has loved2. look at john! what _ ?a. does he b. he is doing c. is he doing d. does he do3. he _ home for nearly three weeks.a. has gone away from b. has left c. has been away from d. went away from4. since you dont want to go, i _ alone.a. will go b. go c. went d. have gone5.they wanted to know when they _ have an examination.a. had gone to b. were going to c. would be going d. had been going6. he _ out when somebody called at his office.a. has just gone b. had just gone c. just went d. just now went7._ a new library _ in our school last year? a. is，built b. was , built c. does ; build d . did ; build8.cotton _ in the southeast of china. a. is grownb. are grownc. growsd. grow9.so far, the moon _ by man already. a. is visitedb. will be visitedc. has been visitedd. was visited10.a talk on chinese history _ in the school hall next week. a. is givenb. has been givenc. will be givend. gives11.a lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. a. are doingb. are being donec. has been done d. will be done12.older people _ well. a. looks after b. must be looked after c. must look after d. looked after13.our teacher _ carefully.a. should be listened tob. should be listenc. be listened d. is listened14.it was reported that the murderer _ arrested.a. has been b. had been c. has d. had15.great changes _ in china since the peoples republic of china _ in 1949.a. have taken place; was founded b. has taken place; was foundedc. have been taken place; foundedd. took place; founded二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1.no country_ (make) such great progress as china in the thirty years.2.the little girl will give the flower to the hero when he _ (appear).3.he said that he _ (come) back in five minutes.4.my brother likes english very much, and he _ (practice) reading every morning.5.the old car _ (produce) in germany in 1960s.6.the door of the classroom must _ (lock) more beautiful.7.he said he_ (go) to visit the writer.8.mr.brown said he would call us as soon as he_ (arrive) in beijing the next day. 9.he met many problems while he _ (go) over his lessons.10.i didnt know that you _ (be) in the room.11.i hope that everything _ (be) ready tomorrow.12.mr,wang _ (work) in the factory since it opened in 1995. 13.the children _ (watch) tv when the mother came in. 14.of all the rubbish about 35 percent can (recycle).15.i dont aliens can (find) in space.三、词语运用阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整，每空限填一词，每词限用一次。get use say believe get make taught see watch give can animals 1_ to work for us ? some scientists think that one day animals may be taught to do a number of simple jobs. they 2_ that in a film or on tv we may 3_ elephants , monkeys ,dogs ,bears ,or other animals doing a lot of things .if you 4_ carefully , you may find that those animals are 5_ something to eat in return for doing them . the scientists say that many different animals may 6_ to do a number of simple jobs if they 7_ something to eat . of course, as we know , dogs can be used to guard a house ,and elephants can be used to do some heavy job. and we can also teach animals to work in factories. apes ,for example 8_ in america to help make cars and scientists 9_ that these monkeys may one day 10_ in crops and even drive trains . 四、完形填空it was a sunny sunday afternoon. johns parents were not in. john _1_ to go to the happy theater to watch a talent show, so he _2_ home. only barky, johns pet dog stayed at home. just after john left, a bad man _3_ the window, and then he _4_ into the house through it. he _5_ for expensive things in the rooms. he found some money in the box. he _6_ the money, but as he _7_, he heard a dogs barking(叫声). he looked around and found barky looking at him angrily. he was very scared. barky _8_ him when john came home. john let barky sit down and told the bad man loudly, “ come with me to the police station, or barky will bite you!” so the bad man had to _9_ john with barky close behind. a policeman cuffed(铐) the bad man after john _10_ him the thing. barky had a t