Book6_U3_重点词汇讲解.doc

U3 重点词汇讲解本单元重点词汇讲解：Cultural differences 文化差异(p34-37)1）difference (u. c.) 差别，差异，差异点 Young people must be taught to learn the difference between good and evil.必须教导年轻人学会区分善与恶。There isnt any difference in structure between the two machines.这两部机器的构造没有什么区别。2）意见相左，不和，争论Do you think the two countries can settle their difference?你认为那两个国家能解决彼此之间的纠纷吗？归纳拓展：make no difference (to sb./sth.)对某人/某事部重要、不要紧make some difference (to sb./sth)对某人/某事有些作用或影响make a difference between 区别对待；不同样对待with a difference 特别的；与众不同的 2 try to accumulate some more information about cultural differences because I have to do a piece of homework on cultural differences.1）accumulate vt. vi.( gradually get or gather together an increasing number or quantity of sth. ) 积存，积攒；蓄积，累积, 聚集 By buying ten books every month, he soon accumulated a good library. 他每月买十本书, 不久便集成一个丰富的藏书库。 Dust had accumulated during her absence. 她不在时灰尘积了起来。2）accumulation n.积蓄 accumulation of wealth 财富的累积3.topictopic : a subject which is discussed, written about or studied 话题 theme: the main subject of a talk, book, film, etc. or a short, simple tune on which a piece of music is based: 主题title ：the name of a film, book, painting, piece of music, etc: 题目 Our discussion ranged over various topics, such as acid rain and the hole in the ozone layer. 我们的讨论范围涉及各种各样的话题,如酸雨及臭氧层的洞.The theme of loss runs through most of his novels. 失落的主题贯穿着他的小说的大部分.The title of the book he read yesterday is called Little Women.昨天他读的那本书名叫小妇人。4. He gets quite excited whenever it comes to this topic.（1）get+ p.p. 使自己处于某种状态和情况；或表被动意义。如：get dressed 穿上 get married 结婚get burnt 烧伤，晒黑了 get paid 得以付钱 （2）come to 谈到，说到， to 是介词，后跟名词、动名词I know nothing when it comes to repairing cars.说到修车，我是一无所知。When it comes to film stars , he becomes interested.说到电影明星，他变得很感兴趣。When it comes to maths, Im completely at sea.谈到数学时,我完全摸不着头脑。When it comes to money, everyone is serious.一提到钱，大家都严肃起来。5.The British teachers didnt know what he was talking about or what Thanksgiving was held in celebration of.1）in celebration of to celebrate 为了庆祝；celebration n. 庆典，庆祝活动 birthday /wedding celebrations 过生日；结婚庆典They held a party in celebration of his birthday.为庆祝他的生日，他们举行了一个聚会。People spend Christmas in celebration of the birth of Jesus Christ.人们过圣诞节是为了庆祝耶稣基督的诞生。Such good news calls for (= deserves) a celebration!2）celebrate vt. “庆祝”，宾语是事，即后接sth. congratulate表“祝贺”其宾语是受到祝贺的人，可组成短语congratulate sb. on sth./doing名词congratulation可构成短语 congratulations to sb. on sth./doingWe always celebrate our wedding anniversary by going out to dinner.我们总是出去吃饭来庆祝结婚周年纪念日.6. its to do with celebrating the first harvest after the settlers from Europe went to live in the USA.it s to do with= it has to do with 和有关a. 表示肯定，用have something/ much/ a lot/ a great deal to do withA tsunami has a lot to do with the earthquake down the ocean.海啸与海底地震有很大关系。The Iraqi War has more to do with oil than with anti-terrorism.伊拉克战争与反恐没多大关系，更多的是与石油有关。b. 表示否定，用have nothing/ little/ not much to do withThis doesnt have much to do with me.这与我没多大关系。The organization declares that it has nothing to do with the terrorist attack.这个组织声称与恐怖袭击无关。c. 表示疑问，用have anything to do withDoes he have anything to do with the murder? 他与这个谋杀案有关吗？7. Getting things wrong can be quite embarrassing! Her questions about my private life embarrassed me. Shes embarrassed about her height. It was so embarrassing having to sing in public. I nearly died of embarrassment when he said that. embarrassing adj. 令人难堪的 embarrassed adj. 感到害羞的 embarrass vt. 使困窘、使尴尬 embarrassment n. 害羞，窘迫8. clarify vt ：to make something clear or easier to understand by giving more details or a simpler explanation: 你能把第一点解释一下吗? 我没有完全地理解。Could you clarify the first point please? I dont understand it completely.clarification C or U9. If a man participates in a wedding reception in Brunei, he has to sit with the bridegroom and the other men.1) participate vi. 参加，参与，有关系，常与in 连用，一般用于比较正式的场合。Professionals cannot participate in the tournament. 职业选手不得参加锦标赛。Did you participate in the discussion? 你参加讨论了吗？China often participates in the world peace-keeping missions 中国经常参加国际维和行动。If only I could participate in your good fortune. 要是我能分享你的好运就好了。2) participation n.10. Its quite funny watching the new foreign teachers trying to adjust to doing that. adjust1) adjust 做“适应”解时，为不及物动词，常带介词to, 意为“(主语)适合”, “适应”。It was a few minutes before his eyes adjusted to the dark.几分钟后他的眼睛才适应黑暗。The body quickly adjusts to changes in temperature.身体会很快地适应气温地改变。It took her a while to adjust to living alone after the divorce.她离婚以后，过了一段时间才适应了单身生活。2) adjust 作“调整”“调节”解时，为及物动词。You can adjust this desk to the height of any child.你可以根据小孩的身高，随意调整这张桌子的高度。The button is for adjusting the volume. 这个钮是调节音量的。Adjust your language to the age of your audience.要根据听众的年龄使用相应的语言。I had the brakes of my bicycle adjusted.我请人调整了我自行车的车闸。I must adjust my watch. Its too slow.我必须调整一下我的手表，它慢了。Since 1979, our government has adjusted its focus to the modernization of our country.自从1979年以来，我国政府已将其工作中心调整到国家的现代化建设上了。3) adjust oneself to 意为“使自己适应”She soon adjusted (herself) to his way of life.她很快使自己适应了他的生活方式。11. Its time for me to log off.1）log off 是一个电脑网络用语，表示“关机，下线”, 也可用作log out.Yesterday my e-pal logged off without saying goodbye.昨天我的网友不打招呼就下线了。2）表示“登录，（ 与）联机，进入（系统）” 用log in 或log on.You have to register if you would like to log in our chat room.你得注册才能进入本聊天室。12. It was very interesting talking to them and analyzing some of the many cultural differences between countries.1) analyse vt. 分析，研讨；分解We analysed the cause of our failure.我们分析了失败的原因。2）analysis n. (pl. analyses) 分析，分解；分析结果a chemical analysis 化学分析We made a careful analysis of the problem.我们仔细分析了那个问题。Here is the analysis of the sales figures.这是销售金额的分析结果。in the last (final) analysis (副) 总之，要之3）analyst n. 分析者；分解者；精神分析医师4）analytic adj. 分析的，分解的 analytic geometry 解析几何13. Many of these words are connected with food or eating. (P38)connect表示“连接，联系，关联”， 常与介词to或with连用。(1) vt. Sentence Pattern: Connect A to/with B把这根电线和电视机连上好吗？Will you connect this wire to/with the television?(2) vi. Sentence Pattern: A connects to/with B这列火车在这里可接上去机场的公共汽车。The train connects here with a bus to the airport.14. Arabic provided English with many words for things that could be traded 阿拉伯语向英语提供了许多词语，这些词语用来表示可以交易的东西。provide sb. with sth. “提供某物给某人”他的公司给他提供了一部小汽车。His company provided him with a car.他们给她提供了钱和衣服。 They provided her with money and clothes.Provide sth for sb. “向某人提供某物”互联网为人们提供了一个表达自己思想观点的新渠道。The Internet provides a new outlet for people to express their views.红十字会为难民们提供了食品和住所。The Red Cross provided food and shelter for the refugees.15. I learned that expectations at weddings can be quite different. (P40-41)expectation U,C expect vt/viYou cant expect to learn a foreign language in a few months.Her parents expected high standards from her.The holiday lived up to all our expectations (= was as good as we were expecting).We did so well - beyond all (= better than) our expectations.There was a general expectation that he would win.She went to college with great expectations.归纳拓展： contrary to expectations 出乎意料 meet expectations 达到预期的期望 expectation of life 生活期望16. Were you to do that, you would certainly have our approval and we would all beapproval U 赞成；同意；U, C 批准，通过 approve v She desperately wanted to win her fathers approval.The plan will be submitted to the committee for official approval.Do you approve of my idea?He doesnt approve of me leaving school this year.归纳拓展：approval for sth. from sb. seal of approval 正式批准on approval 试用 approve of sb./sth. 同意某人/某事17. There was a boat we could go on but we got held up（P42-43）有一条船我们可以坐，但我们被拦住了。get held up 表示“被阻止了，被拦住了”， get held up 是get+过去分词 结构hold up 表示“阻挡，使停顿，使耽误”浓雾使一些火车停开Thick fog held up a number of trains.这场事故使交通停顿了。The traffic was held up by the accident.这部电影在首映时被叫停了，因为影片中暴力过多。The movie got held up on its first show as there is too much violence in it.18. The word taboo has its origins in the Tongan language.Taboo一词起源于汤加语。句中has its origins in 所用结构是have ones origin in表示“源自，起源于”有些科学家认为地球上的生命起源于其他一些行星。因此我们本身就是外星人。Some scientists believe that life on the earth has its origin in other planets. So we are aliens ourselves.have ones origin as表示以（形式）作为起源长江起源于青海省境内的一条小溪。The Yangtze River has its origin as a brook in Qinghai Province.19.When you are in contact with people from different cultures,be in contact with sb. 与某人联系作者正在与出版社联系。The author is in contact with the publisher.be out of contact with sb. 与某人失去联系 那个男孩在战争中与父母失去了联系The boy was out of contact with his parents in the war.归纳拓展：be out of contact with 和失去联系/接触,have contact with 和有联系/接触bring into contact with 使接触, 使与联系lose contact with 和失去联系/接触make contact with 和联系/接触come into contact with 接触contact vt. 使接触，与有联系 n. 接触, 联系详情请探询我们的当地部门。For further details, please contact our local office.飞行员试图与基地联系The polite tried to make contact with his base相关表达： keep/stay in touch with 与保持联系 get in touch with 与取得联系 lose touch with/be out of touch with 与失去联系20.We offer you the chance to visit different minority cultures and experience for yourself their traditions, customs and way of life. 我们给您提供机会，让您接触不同的少数民族文化，亲身体验他们的传统、风俗和生活方式。(P46-47)by oneself, of oneself, for oneself, to oneself等“介词+反身代词”词组在阅读中经常碰到，由于理解不够准确，常常造成阅读理解的障碍，因此，有必要加以举例说明。 by oneself 单独地，独自地; They made the model machines all by themselves. of oneself 自行地; The fire died of itself. for oneself 亲自，为自己; Do you have anything to say for yourself? to oneself含有“暗自（在心中）,独用” 的意思，常与动词think, say, talk, tell等连用。This dictionary is used to himself.This trip you will get to learn about Aboriginal musical instruments. 本次旅行过程中你还会了解到澳大利亚土著乐器。get to learn 所用的结构是：get to do sth.，表示“逐渐开始做某事”。此处to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，后面必须接动词原形。His girlfriend gets to love him. 他的女友逐渐开始爱上他了。We get do know each other on the internet. 我们在网上逐渐了解对方。 She gets to like English. 她开始喜欢上英语了。New Zealand is home to the Maori tribe. 新西兰现为毛利民族的家园。be home to + 表示单位、机构的名词，意为“某地活某处是的所在地、总部、基地等”。=be the home ofHawaii is hone to the US Pacific Fleet. 夏威夷是美国太平洋舰队的基地。 Silicon Valley is home to the US hi-tech industry. 硅谷是美国高科技产业的所在地。 The earth is home to mankind. 地球是人类的家园。 It is likely that the moon will be another home to us. 月球有可能成为我们的另一个家园。They brought with them a Polynesian culture rich in song, dance, carving and weaving.他们给新西兰带来了在歌舞，雕刻和编织方面有丰富内涵的波利尼西亚文化。be rich in 盛产，富含这个地区的野生动植物很多。The area is rich in wildlife.橘子含有丰富的维生素C。Oranges are rich in vitamin C.沙特阿拉伯盛产石油。Saudi Arabia is very rich in oil.there you will eat food such as fish and kumara which is cooked by wrapping them in leaves and steaming them over hot stones. 在那里，你将品尝到鱼以及用叶子包裹起来然后在滚热的石头上蒸煮的红薯。wrapwrappedwrapped wrappingvt. (用) 包, 裹(常与up连用) wrap+名(in名)那女孩把她的圣诞礼物包起来。The girl wrapped (up) her Christmas gift.他把自己裹在毛毯里。He wrapped himself (up) in a blanket.山丘笼罩在薄雾里。 The hills were wrapped in the mist.vt. 把缠绕(于), 把披(在) wrap+名+(around /about 名)他用围巾围上脖子。 He wrapped a scarf around his neck.她把婴儿裹在浴巾里。She wrapped a bath towel about the baby. = She wrapped the baby in a bath towel.be wrapped up in 完全被包在里；全神贯注于；他全神贯注地看电视。He was wrapped up in (watching) TV.There are many different tribes that belong to the Native American Indian group.=There are many different tribes belonging to belong to 属于 （该词组无进行时态，也无被动语态； 做定语和状语时只有V-ing）Mary said the book belonged to her.The precious vase belongs to our family and is highly valued.练习：I单词拼写1. I didnt mean to hurt you- you must have m_what I said.2. The news caused great e_ among her friends. 3. May I keep your picture as a s_? 4. This matter _(与有关) all of us. 5. It can be e_ for children to tell complete strangers about such incidents. 6. The _(顾问) committee met at the call of the chairman.As high school students, we should a_ ourselves to the school environment.8By buying ten books every month, he has a a_ a lot of books.9The two men introduced themselves and were in c_ with each other。10. Unfortunately, the new soft has failed to meet e_.11. Usually, people in China like to hold a wedding r_.12. Todays newspaper carries an exciting a_ of the world championship.13. The boy has won the award for his b_ in the face of danger.14. He is anxious to win his parents a_ for his plan.15. Now that youve read the story, can you r_ it in your own words?II.单选1.The village is a very different place it was when I was a boy and there are many _ the villagers points of view.A. from what; differences from B. from what; differences inC. from that; differences from D. from that; differences in2. The _ received a lot of _ presents.A. new-weds; wedding B. newly-wed; weddingC. newly-weds; wed; D. newly-weds; wedding3.- Have you finished the report? - Oh, sorry. It was so noisy in the office that I couldnt _ down to write anything. A. settle B. put C. sit D. lie4. Her singing career _ after her TV appearance. A. took up B. took away C. took off D. took on5. _ the warning message, more lives would have been lost in the flood. A. Regardless of B. Instead of C. But for D. Except for6. The judges remarked _ the high standard of entries for the competition. A. about B. on C. with D. to7. Madame Michel found herself in an position, and therefore she felt rather .A. embarrassing; embarrassed B. embarrassed; embarrassedC. embarrassing; embarrassing D. embarrassed; embarrassing8. When will the government its position on equal pay for women?A. explain B. clarify C. tell D. suggest9. During our staying in L