英语阅读理解-抓住大意ppt课件

What sthePoint FindingtheBIGIdeasinText PresentedByAngelaMaiers 2006 WhatistheBIGIDEA Definemainideaandtheme Isthereanydifference Mainideais Themeis HowdoYOU asareader findthemainidea themeswithintext WhatarethespecificstepsinvolvedingettingtotheBIGIDEAS ListandDiscuss WhatdoyourstudentsstrugglewithmostwhenseekingtheBIGIDEASintextatyourgradelevel HarvardReportDr Perry DirectoroftheHarvardReadingandStudyCenter 1500firstyearcollegestudents 30pgchapterfromtextbookTask Within20minutes writeashortstatementonwhatthechapterwasaboutOutcome 94 5 studentsscoredwellonmultiple choicetestondetail15outof1500topfirstyearcollegestudents previewedsectionreadheadingsunderstoodandfollowedthewriting writer sstructureskimmedandanalyzedvisualslookeddescriptiveflagsinthemarginreadendofthechaptersummariesnotedkeypointswhilereading signalwordsandphrasedMajorConclusions obedientpurposelessness anenormousamountofwastedeffort inmostoffirstyearstudents Studentsmustbejarredoutofthisapproach Thisreadingactrequiresself confidence skill intention focus andevencourage onthepartofthestudentwhomustdecideforhimselfwhattoreadorskip StudentsMUSTalwaysaskthemselveswhatitistheywanttogetoutofareadingassignment thenlookaroundforthosekeyandimportantpoints ThinkingLikeaWriter Theactofreadingandwritinginvolvethesameskills Bothrequireastudenttousewordknowledge sentencestructure andparagraphorganizationtoeitherconveyamessageortodecodeamessage AuthorsDecisions WhatdoIknowabout careabout orhaveresearchedenoughabouttowritedown TOPIC Whatismygoalinwritingthisinformationdown WhatdoIwanttoaccomplishbywritingthisinformationdown PURPOSE Whowouldbenefitfromknowingthesefacts AUDIENCE Whatwouldbethebestwaytosharethisinformationwithmyreaders FORMAT HowshouldIorganizetheinformationsothereadercaneasilyreadandunderstandit STRUCTURE ORGANIZATION WhatcanIdohookreaders attention FEATURES STYLE HowdoIknowthisismyverybestwriting CRAFT CREDIBILITY Today sGoalsandAgenda Whatisthemainidea EXACTLY Whereisitlocatedinfiction nonfictiontext WhatisitthatweneedtoexplicitlymodelanddemonstratetostudentssotheycanfindtheBIGIDEAontheirown Whyitissohardtofind MainIdeaMainIdeaStatementMostImportantIdeaCentralIdeaCentralThoughtAuthor sMessageThemeThesisCriticalUnderstandingWriter sPurposeParagraphis Mostly About PartsofaParagraph Atopicidentifieswhoorwhatthereadingpassageisabout Amainidea themostimportantpointtheauthorismakingaboutthetopic Itisoftenstatedinatopicsentence Supportingdetails thespecificideastodevelop explain orsupportthemainidea MainIdeascanbe Stated Astatedmainideaisasentencefoundinthereadingpassagewhichstatesthetopicandthemainpointorpointsbeingmadeaboutthattopic ThissentenceisreferredtoastheTOPICSENTENCE Implied Animpliedmainideameansthattheauthorhaschosennottouseastatementintheselectionorpassagetotellthereaderthetopicandmainidea Thereadermustreadthepassageanddeterminethemainideafromtheinformationthatispresented TheREADERisresponsibleforcomposingastatementofthemainidea Notopicsentenceexists You alongwithlions goats andbatsbelongtoaclasscalledmammals About4000speciesofmammalslivehereonearth andmanylookdifferentfromeachother But allmammalshavecertaincharacteristicsthatsetthemapartfromotherlivingthings Mammalsareallwarmbloodedandhavefurorhair Theycansurviveincoldplacesbecauseoftheirwarmblood Manybelievethatmammalsarethemostintelligentanimalsonearth FourStepstoDiscoveringtheMainIdea Whatisthetopicofthispassage Whatarethepointsmadeaboutthistopic SupportingDetails Whatpointisthewritertryingtoproveormake Statethatpoint Doesthatstatementrepresentthemostimportantthingthewriterissayingaboutthetopic L6 TopicSentence Areadercanbesuretheyhavefoundthestatedmainideaif thesentencecontainsthetopicthesentencestatesthesinglemostimportantpointaboutthetopicthesentenceisgeneralenoughtocoveralltheinformationintheparagraphtheothersentencesexplainortellmoreaboutthemainideasentencethesentencemakescompletesensebyitself thereadercancomprehendtheselectionwithoutreadingtherestoftheselection WhatistheMainIdea WilmaRudolphwasacrippledchildwhobecameanOlympicrunningchampion Wilmawasbornprematurelyin1940andspentherchildhoodbattlingillness includingmeasles scarletfever chickenpox pneumonia andpolio acripplingdiseasethatatthattimehadnocure Attheageoffour shewastoldthatshewouldneverwalknormallyagain Afteryearsofspecialtreatmentandphysicaltherapy twelveyearoldWilmawasdeterminedtowalkagainnormally ButwalkingwasnotenoughforWilma whowasdeterminedtobecomeanathlete Beforelong hertalentearnedheraspotonthe1956Olympics wheresheearnedabronzemetal Inthe1960Olympics attheheightofhercareer shewonthreegoldmedals DefiningCentralIdea Thesis Thecentralpointisthemainideaofapassagemadeupoftwoormoreparagraphs ThethesisstatementisaSTATEMENT tellingsentence thatstatesthetopicandtheauthor scontrollingpointaboutthetopicforapassageoftwoormoreparagraphs TenLessonstoSupportReadingfortheBigIdea LessonOne DefiningMainIdeaLessonTwo ExploringthePartsofaParagraphLessonThree IdentifyingTopic SubjectoftheWritingLessonFour SortingMajor MinorDetailsLessonFive UsingTextStructuretoIdentifyM I LessonSix LookingforATopicSentenceLessonSeven MakingInferencesfromimpliedM I LessonEight PuttingAuthor sPointintoyourownwordsLessonNine MonitoringandcheckingformeaningusingM I criteriaLessonTen ExploringDifferencesinLocationofBigIdeasacrossmultipletextsandgenres L1 DefiningMainIdea Main Idea MainIdeais L2 Topic MainIdea orSupportingDetail Onecommoncauseofheadachesismuscletension Poorposturethattensesthemusclesintheneckandbackcantriggeraheadache Headachesaresometimestheresultofstress anxiety anddepressionthatcausethemusclesintheneck face andscalptobecometense Commoncausesofheadaches L3 IdentifytheTOPIC Thetopicisidentifiedaseitherawordorphrasewhichbestdescribeswhatthereadingselectionisabout Thetopicshouldnotbetoobroad coveringmorethanwhatisdiscussedintheselection ortoonarrow notcoveringeverythingdiscussedintheselection Q WhoorwhathaveIjustreadabout Cluesfordeterminingthetopicofaselection Aword name orphrasethatappearsasaheadingortitle Aword nameorphrasethatappearsinspecialtypesuchboldprint italics orcolor Aword nameorphrasethatisrepeatedthroughouttheparagraph Aword name orphrasethatmayappearatthebeginningoftheparagraphandisthenreferredtothroughouttheparagraphbypronouns orotherwords L3 WhatistheTopic Therulesofconductduringanexaminationareclear Nobooks calculatorsorpapersareallowedinthetestroom Proctorswillnotallowanyonewithsuchitemstotakethetest Anyonecaughtcheatingwillbeaskedtoleavetheroom Hisorhertestsheetwillbetaken Theincidentwillbereportedtotheproperauthority Attheendofthetestperiod allmaterialswillbereturnedtotheproctor Failuretoabidebytheseruleswillresultinafailinggradeforthistest L3 WhatistheTopic Mostofthepolicyproblemsthatthefederalgovernmentconfrontsdonotlendthemselvestosimplesolutions WhethertheissueisspacetravelorhungerinAmerica expertknowledgeisessentialtothedevelopmentofeffectivepublicpolicy Muchoftheexpertiseisheldbybureaucrats Theyspendtheircareersworkinginaparticularpolicyarea Manyofthemhavehadscientific technical orotherspecializedtraining L4 SortingforImportanceintheDetails L5 KnowledgeofTextStructure DescriptionCompare ContrastCauseandEffectChronology SequenceProceduralPersuasiveQuestion AnswerProblem Solution TopicSentenceLocation Firstsentence2 Lastsentence3 Middleofparagraph4 Combinationoftwosentences L7 ImpliedMI ImpliedMainIdea InsomeinstancesanauthormightchoosetoonlyhintorsuggestthetopicandmainidearatherthanAnimpliedmainideaisasentencethatthereadercomposesratherthanastatementfoundintheselection Thisreaderdevelopedsentenceprovidesthesameinformationasatopicorstatedmainideasentence Animpliedmainideaanswersthesametwobasicquestionsasastatedmainidea 1 WhoorwhatdidIjustreadabout 2 Whatwasthemainpointorpointsmadebytheauthor L8 FormulatingImpliedMI 3WaysReadersFormulateanImpliedMainIdea 1 Addessentialwordsorphrasestoanexistingsentencefromtheparagraph 2 Combinetwosentencesfromtheparagraphtostatethetopicandmainidea 3 Developanews