初三英语(新目标)unit4知识点总结.doc

Unit 4 What would you do?单元知识总结：1. have /take medicine 吃药， 服药 the medicine of治。的药2. a lot of =lots of 许多的，大量的，可修饰可数和不可数名词。常用于肯定句中。3. be worried about 担心 worry about 担心，发愁4. have to 不得不，表客观需要，有人称、数和时态的变代，其否定形式为do not have to (=neednt), 意为不必要。must 必须，表主观需要，无人称、数和时态的变化，其否定形式用dont have to 而mustnt 则表示“不准，禁止”。5. be in trouble/get into trouble 惹麻烦；陷入困境。6. maybe 作副词，在句中作状语，通常用于句首。may be 中的may 是情态动词，与be 一起作谓语。7. Waht would you do if you had a million dollars?if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句应用虚拟语气。如果要表示与现在或将来事实相反时，其虚拟语气结构为： (从句)if +主语+动词过去式(be 动词用were), (主句) 主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形如：If I had time, I would go for a walk.If I were you, I would take an umbrella. I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie. 8. hundred, thousand , million, billion (十亿)词前面有数词或several 一词时要不能加s ，反之，则要加s 并与of 连用， 表示数量很多 如：several hundred/ thousand/ million/ billion people 几百/千/百万/十亿人 hundreds of trees 上百棵树 9. what if + 从句 如果怎么办 ， 要是 又怎么样 如： What if she doesnt come? 要是她不来怎么办？ What if LiLei knows? 如果李雷知道了怎么办？ 10. too +形/副+to do sth. 太而不能 如： Im too tired to stand. 我太累了而不能站。 11. help with sth. 如：They help with this problem.help sb. (to)do. 如：They help you relax. 他们帮助你放松12.giveto charity 把捐给慈善机构13.be/get nervous 变得紧张 系动词与形容词连用get nervous 变得紧张 feel shy 觉得害羞 look friendly 看起来友好14. pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 I pretended to sleep just now. pretend to be doing sth. 假装正在干某事 The students pretended to be writing when the teacher came in. pretend +从句 假装 I pretended that I fell asleep. 15. be late for 迟到 如： I am late for work/ school/ class/ party.16. a few 与 a little 的区别，few 与 little 的区别 a few 一些 修饰可数名词 a little 一些 修饰不可数名词 两者表肯定意义 如：He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。 There is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖。 few 少数的 修饰可数名词 little 少数的修饰不可数名词 但两者表否定意义 如：He has few friends. 他没有几个朋友。 There is little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里没有多少糖。 17. add sth. to sth. 添加到 18.lets 与let us 都有让我们的意思，但二者的区别在于：lets中的“我们”包括说话者和听话者双方，而let us中的“我们”则不包括听话者一方。因此，它们的反意疑问句形式有区别：Lets play basketball, shall we?Let us discuss this question, will you?19.be confident to do sth 有信心做某事 be confident of/in sth 对某事有信心 be confident that有信心have confidence to do sth 有自信做某事have confidence in sth 对某事有信心20.permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事permit doing sth 允许做某事with/without (ones) permission 经过/没有经过（某人的）允许ask for permission 请求允许21.bother sb about/with sth 使某人为某事烦恼22.be annoyed with sb 对某人感到生气 be annoyed at /about sth 对某事感到生气be annoyed to do sth 非常气愤地做某事23.in public 在公共场合，当众，公开24.give a speechgive a talk 做演讲，发表讲话have a speech听演讲 give a report 做报告25.in front of 指在范围之外的前面 in the front of 在范围之内的的前面26.all与whole的区别：Whole 修饰名词时要放在完词和其他限定词之后All修饰名词时要放在完词和其他限定词之前。The whole school=all the school 全校My whole life =all my life 我的一生27.borrow sth from sb 从某人那里借某物 Lend sth to sb/lend sb sth 把某物借给某人 Keep sth for+段时 保留某物多久28. plenty of =a lot of =lots of 可修饰可数或不可数名词 a great deal of许多，用来修饰不可数名词 a great many 许多，用来修饰可数名词 29.right away=at once=right now=immediately 立刻，马上30.another +基数词+名词=基数词+more+名词，当基数词大于一时，名中要用复数形式。Another four books=four more books31.wait for sb to do sth 等待某人做某事 Introduce oneself to sb 向某人作自我介绍 Introduce sb to sb 把某人介绍给某人认识 Introduce into/to 引入，传入32.notin the slightest notat all 根本不33.get along /on well/badly with sb 和某人相处得好/不好。 get along/on with在方面的进展情况34.be easy to do sth 容易做某事 be hard to do sth 很难做某事 35.be knowledgeable about 了解36.represent oneself as 自称 be representative of 的代表37.a little = a bit 修饰形容词副词 a little = a bit of 修饰不可数名词38.the rest 可指“其余的人或物”，谓语动词的数要根据它所指代的名词来决定。the rest of +名词 作主语时，谓语动词的数要与of 后面的名词保持一致。The other(s) 只能指代可数名。39. would rather than （= would rather than）宁愿，而不愿。 前后连接两个动词原形，否定形式为：would rather not do sthwould rather than = prefer to 但prefer to 若连接两个动词，动词应为v-ing 形式。 He would rather jog than play football.=He prefers jogging to playing football. would rather 常单独使用，表示“宁愿做” He would rather watch TV at home.rather than = instead of 而不是（连接两个并列成分，前后对称）。 Id prefer to go to in summer rather than in winter.I decided to write rather than telephone.I like going out with you rather than with him.She enjoys listening rather than speaking.40. let sb. down 让某人失望 如： Dont let your mother down. 不要让你的妈妈失望。 41. come up with sth. 提出 想出 如：He came up with a good idea. 他提出了一个好主意。 catch up with sb. 追上 赶上某人 如：Lily caught up with Anna. 莉莉赶上了安娜。42.solutions to 解决的办法The key to the door the answer to the question43.coverwith 用撒上/盖上be covered with/by被所覆盖44.be helpful to sb/sth 对有帮助 be helpful to do/in doing sth 对做某事有帮助45.treatas.把看作regard/think of/look onas46. have experience (in) doing 在做某事有经验 如： I have experience teaching Chinese. 我在教英语方面有经验。 47. come out 出版，出来 如：The magazine comes out once a week. 这种杂志每周出一次。 48. by accident 偶然地，无意之中49. hurry to do 匆忙 I hurry to call the police. 50. more than=over 超过 51. offer sb sth 给某人某物 offer to sb sth 主动 give sb sth=give sth to sb类似的词还有:pass、lend、show、write、send等 buy sb sth=buy sth for sb类似的词还有:make、draw、cook等 52.look for寻找find找到、发现 find out指经过观察、探索、调查等弄清楚、弄明白。 discover 指发现那些客观存在而不为人所知的实情。如科学上的重大发现。 53.talk to/with sb 同某人说话。 tell 告诉, 分辨，辨别。 speak to sb 同某人说话，做及物动词，后跟语言。 say 后跟名词、代词及宾语从句做宾语，着重强调说话内容。 54.What does/dolook like? 问相貌Whatslike? 问“品质性格”。 55.be faced with面对；面临56.deal with 处理，常与how 连用; do with 处理，常与what 连用57.be in danger 处于危险中 out of danger 脱离危险单元语法总结虚拟语气虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种：一、与现在事实相反 连接词条件从句结果从句If1.动词过去式(或were)2.助动词（过去式）+动词原形ShouldWould +动词原形couldmightIf had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.二.与将来事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句If1. should+动词原形2. 动词过去式3、were to+动词原形ShouldWould +动词原形couldmightIf you should lose, what would you do?If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth.If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.三、与过去事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句Ifhad+过去分词ShouldWould + have+过去分词couldmightIf Id known that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country.1、Suggest, advise 等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：suggest, advise, recommend, demand, require, insist, urge, request, order, +that(should )+动词原形decide, ask, move, propose等注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.上述动词的名词形式出现时，that 引导的从句仍用