现代大学英语精读3第二版Unit4-Book3ppt课件

GilbertHighet DiogenesandAlexander DiogenesandAlexander Unit4 Questions Activities Check onPreview Objectives Warmingup DiogenesandAlexander Unit4 Warmingup Questions Activities WhatdoestheauthortellusaboutDiogenes Whowashe Whatwashisphilosophy Whatdidhethinkwastheproblemwithpeople Howdidheintendtohelpthem Whatwerethekeyvalueshepromoted How inhisopinion couldwefindtruehappiness WhatdoestheauthortellusaboutAlexander WhatdidthiskinghaveincommonwithDiogenes thebeggar WhywasAlexanderconsideredamanofdestiny Howwouldyoucontrastthetwocharacters WhydidAlexanderdecidetovisitDiogenes WhatdidDiogenesreallymeanwhenhesaidthatAlexanderwasblockingthesunlight Definethefollowingwordsandphrases amischievouspebble para 1 elaborate para 4 bydesign para 6 restrained para 12 chivalrous para 12 Warmingup Check onPreview Paraphrase Livewithoutconventions whichareartificialandfalse escapecomplexitiesandextravagances onlysocanyouliveafreelife para 4 Hislife saimwascleartohim itwas torestampthecurrency totakethecleanmetalofhumanlife toerasetheoldfalseconventionalmarkings andtoimprintitwithitstruevalues para 5 Warmingup Check onPreview Objectives 1 Content differencesandsimilaritiesbetweenDiogenesandAlexanderCynicismanditspresentsignificancephilosophyvs powerWriting comparisonandcontrastDiogenes AlexanderDiogenes otherbeggars hermits philosophersAlexander otherMacedonians officers officials Here thealternatingcomparison contrast subjectbysubject isused Warmingup Background Alexander Diogenes DiogenesandAlexander Unit4 Background Diogenes 1 WhowasDiogenes AbeggarAphilosopherAmissionaryDoctrine Cynicismthedoctrinethatscornedworldlyneedsandpleasuresandheldthatvirtuewasthekeytotheonlygood Background Cynicisminmodernsense thebeliefofacynic whomaintainsthatpeopleareallmotivatedbyselfishness thatnoonewillhelpothersforgoodandsincerereasons2 Whatarethemajortenets principles ofCynicism Doyoufindanyexpressionsoftheseprinciplesinthetext self sufficiencyshamelessnessoutspokennessperfectionofvirtue Diogenes Background Alexander MacedonianKing sonofPhilipTheThinker studentofAristotleTheConqueror Greece Asia EgyptWhydoyouthinkhewantedtobringsomanyregionsunderhisrule Background AlexandertheGreat sEmpire Alexander Background AlexandertheGreat sEmpire Alexander TextAnalysis DiogenesandAlexander Unit4 Diogenes thebeggar paras 1 3 TextAnalysis CharacterAnalysis cask astoragejarmadeofearthenware ahouse big withmanyrooms none beds chairs etc elaborate blanket half naked clothes expensive bitsoffoodbeggedfromothers drinkingfromhishollowedhands elaborate none horses servants bankaccounts anxious alifebychoice outofprinciple natural healthy independent alifeasslavesoftheirpossessions artificial anxious lossofvirtue Diogenes thebeggar paras 1 3 Therearecontrastswithinthebroadcontrast HowdidDiogenescontrastwithordinaryhomelesspeople TextAnalysis CharacterAnalysis Diogenes thephilosopher para 4 ASocratesgonemad repositioningofconventionbelownatureandreason2 Threekeyprinciples livinginaccordwithnaturetotaldisregardofconventionindependence freedom beingtheonlytrue lastinggood TextAnalysis CharacterAnalysis Diogenes themissionary para 5 1 ComparisonwithordinaryhermitsSimilarities Bothgrewtiredofhumansocietywithitscomplicationsandwantedtolivesimply Differences TextAnalysis hermitswentawaytolivesimply onasmallfarm inaquietvillageoracave Diogeneshadasenseofmission deliberatelychosetoliveinthebusystreetsinAthensorCorinth inordertoconvertpeople CharacterAnalysis Diogenes themissionary para 5 2 Whatwashismission torestampthecurrency callpeoplebacktothenaturalwayoflife truelife TextAnalysis CharacterAnalysis Diogenes waysofteaching para 6 HowdidDiogenesdifferfromotherphilosophersofhistime Plato taughthisprivatepupilsinhisAcademy whichhefoundedasoneoftheearliestcentersofadvancedlearningintheworld Aristotle taughthisownprivatepupilsbytheuseoflaboratory instruments andspecimens Diogenes taughtallthosewhowouldcaretolistenbyhisownexampleorbytakingpeoplearoundhimforexamples TextAnalysis CharacterAnalysis Diogenes waysofteaching para 6 Hecarriedalightedlampinbroaddaylightandinspectedthefaceofeveryonehemet TextAnalysis Whenyouareallsobusy IfeelIoughttodosomething CharacterAnalysis Alexander citizenoftheworld paras 11 13 1 King differentfromotherMacedoniansdrinking women fighting 2 Thinker Aristotle spupil helearnedculturephilosophyprinciplesofscientificresearch3 ConquerortookcommandoftheLeagueofGreekStatescommander in chiefofanewexpeditionagainstold rich corruptAsia TextAnalysis CharacterAnalysis CharacterAnalysis TextAnalysis Standtooneside You reblockingthesunlight TheDramaticEncounter paras 14 17 Thedifferencesandsimilaritiesbetweenthetwohistoricalcharacters DifferencesSimilarities TextAnalysis CharacterAnalysis Differences TextAnalysis CharacterAnalysis high treatedwithrespect greetedwithabowandacclamation lyingonthebareearth shoeless bearded half naked likeabeggar adog handsomeface fieryglance strongbody purpleandgoldcloak airofdestiny philosopher missionary greatmonarch conqueror low treatedwithcontemptanddisapproval none rejectingpossessionorpower landandabsolutepower restampthecurrency tocallpeoplebacktothesimpleandnaturallife truevalue bringpeopleofthewholeworldtothelightofcivilization Bothweregreatthinkers Bothhadasenseofmission Bothwere citizensoftheworld admiringtheheroicfigureofHercules wholaboredformankind Bothwerefree Similarities TextAnalysis CharacterAnalysis TextAnalysis Structure 1 Paras 1 10Diogenes life philosophy mission waysofteaching 2 Paras 11 13Alexander aphilosopherkingwithaninquiring noblemind 3 Paras 14 17theirdramaticencounter Sometimestheythrewbitsoffood andgotscantthanks sometimesamischievouspebble andgotashowerofstonesandabuse para 1 Sometimespeoplewouldthrowbitsoffoodtohim buthehardlythankedthematall Sometimestheywouldthrowapebbleathimforfun butgetashowerofstonesandastreamofabuseinreturn PartI Paraphrase TextAnalysis DetailedAnalysis 2 Hislife saimwascleartohim itwas torestampthecurrency totakethecleanmetalofhumanlife toerasetheoldfalseconventionalmarkings andtoimprintitwithitstruevalues para 5 Hispurposeinlifewascleartohim itwas toreprintthecoins Humanlifecanbetakenasthecleancoinswhichareimprintedwithfalsemarkings Hewastoremovethefalsemarkingsandprintthetruevaluesonit Inotherwords hisaiminlifewastocallonpeopletorejectthefalse conventionalwayoflifeandreturntothesimpleandnaturallife PartI Paraphrase TextAnalysis DetailedAnalysis Havingnoworktogotoandnofamilytoprovide hewasfree para 1 providefor givesbthethingsthattheyneedtolive suchasfood clothingTranslation他要供养他年迈的父母以及两个正在上学的妹妹 Hehastoprovideforhisagedparentsandtwosisterwhoarestillatschool 道路被切断 无法给部队提供给养 Theroadwascutoffandsuppliescouldnotbeprovidedforthetroops for PartI Words Expressions TextAnalysis DetailedAnalysis 2 Asthemarketplace upwithshoppersandmerchantsandslavesandforeigners hehad throughitforanhourortwo para 1 Cf wander roam ramble strollTranslation中间还有两个小时 因此她逛了一趟商业中心 Therewerestilltwohourstogo soshestrolledthroughtheshoppingmall 漫步海边 感觉太好了 It swonderfultotakeastrollalongtheseaside strolled filled PartI Words Expressions TextAnalysis DetailedAnalysis 3 Hethoughteverybodylivedfartoo expensively anxiously Whatgoodisahouse para 2 Translation彼得制定了一个非常详尽的计划来筹措资金 Peterworkedoutanelaborateschemeforraisingthefund 他们为局长准备了一桌精美的饭菜 结果被狠狠批评了一顿 Theypreparedaveryelaboratemealforthebureauheadonlytobeseverelycriticized elaborately PartI Words Expressions TextAnalysis DetailedAnalysis 4 Nooneneedsbedsandchairsandsuchfurniture theanimals andsleepontheground Allwerequire sincenaturedidnotdressusproperly isonegarmenttokeepuswarm andsomeshelterfromrainandwind para 2 Translation这名警察死时很年轻 但他的一生过得很有意义 Thepolicemandiedyoung buthelivedameaningfullife 作为一个探险者 他的一生充满了冒险 Asanexplorer helivedanadventurouslife livehealthylives PartI Words Expressions TextAnalysis DetailedAnalysis hespentmuchofhislifein Corinth mockingandsatirizingitspeople andoccasionally oneofthem para 2 convert tomakesbchangefromonereligionorbelieftoanotherAnnhasconvertedtoIslamrecently Marxistliteratureconvertedhimintoastaunchrevolutionary Cf tomakesthchangefromoneform systemtoadifferentoneThisispartoftheprocessofconvertingironintosteel tochangefromoneobjectintoanotherIcan tseehowthisplasticsheetconvertsintoatent PartI Words Expressions TextAnalysis DetailedAnalysis converting 6 Hewasnotthefirstto suchathing Buthewasthefirstwhoeverdidso choice principle para 3 inhabitSomeoftherarespeciesinhabitthearea bychoiceShetookthejobintheWestbychoice outofJustoutofcuriosity whydidyoutakethatjob PartI Words Expressions inhabit by TextAnalysis DetailedAnalysis outof 7 They him Heistheirslave Inordertoprocureaquantityoffalse perishablegoodshehassoldtheonlytrue lastinggood hisownindependence para 4 Cf Whatpossessedhimtosayastupidthinglikethat Sheseemedpossessed Nobodycouldtalkheroutofit PartI Words Expressions TextAnalysis DetailedAnalysis possess 8 Therefore hechosetoliveinAthensorCorinth wheretravelersfromallovertheMediterraneanworldconstantlycameandwent And design hepubliclybehavedinsuchwaysastoshowpeoplewhatreallifewas para 6 Translation世界是有意缔造的呢 还是偶然形成的呢 Wastheworldmadebydesignordiditcomeintoexistencebychance PartI Words Expressions by TextAnalysis DetailedAnalysis 1 Thelittlesquarebegantofillwithpeople pageboys soldiers theyallgraduallyformedacirclearoundDiogenes Helookedthem asasobermanlooksatacrowdoftotteringdrunks andshookhishead para 11 lookover here examine scrutinizeMoreexampleswith over thinkover talkover readover goover PartII Words Expressions over TextAnalysis DetailedAnalysis Withhishandsomeface hisf glance hisstrongbody hispurpleandgoldcloak andhisairofd hemovedthroughthepartingcrowdtowardtheDog sk para 14 Lookingatthepoorbrokencask thesingler garment andtheroughfigurelyingontheground hesaid IsthereanythingIcandoforyou Diogenes para 15 moreexamples belovedwife blessedmorning awickedman myagedparents aruggedcoastline PartIII Words Expressions TextAnalysis DetailedAnalysis iery estiny ennel agged 3 TheMacedonianofficers afterdecidingthatDiogeneswasnot thetroubleofkicking werestartingto andnudgeoneanother para 17 Cf worth worthwhile worthyaworthwhilecause discussion jobHighpricesintheUKmakeitworthwhileforbuyerstolookabroad beworthyofattention consideration mentionAnumberofthefindingsareworthyofnote aworthychampion winner son PartIII Words Expressions TextAnalysis DetailedAnalysis worth guffaw Cf grin guffaw titter chuckle gigglegrin tomakeawidesmileguffaw tolaughloudlytitter tolaughinasuppressedwaychuckle tolaughsoftlyinalowtonegiggle tolaughquietlyinasilly childish uncontrolledway PartIII Words Expressions TextAnalysis DetailedAnalysis Reinforcement WritingTechniques Discussion DiogenesandAlexander Unit4 Translation Reinforcement WritingTechniques Comparison Contrast examplesusetransitionalwordsorexpressionstomakecomparisonandachieveunity notso para 5 theother butfor para 6 usetransitionalparagraphtoachievecoherence2 Parallelismachieveincreasedstrength soundingmorepowerful moreeffective e g para 143 Euphemisme g donehisbusiness naturalacts Hewasone butnottheother para 1 NotsoDiogenes para 5 ButforDiogenes para 6 Alexanderwasfarolderandwiserthanhisyears para 12 LikeallMacedoniansheloved para 12 hewasamagnificentcommander buthewasnotmerelyamilitaryautomaton para 12 OnlyDiogenes althoughhelivedinCorinth didnotvisitthenewmonarch para 13 Diogenesmerelysatup Diogenessaidnothing para 14 He