园林植物病虫害防治现状及发展方向.doc

/ / / /园林植物病虫害防治现状及发展方向Garden plant diseases and insect pests prevention situation and development direction 园林植物常常遭到各种病虫害的侵袭，发作多种多样的表现大大降低了其观赏价值和生态效果。加之对传统农药的依赖性运用，不只让一些病虫发作了抗药性，对人畜的安全构成损害，并且还杀死很多的害虫天敌，污染环境等很多的生态疑问。所以加大生物归纳防治的研讨与投入，逐渐替代传统的化学防治。 Garden plants often suffer from various diseases, seizures varied performance greatly reduces its ornamental value and ecological effect. In addition to the traditional pesticide dependence using, not only let some pest attack resistance, to the detriment of the safety of people and livestock, and also kill a lot of insect ecology, environmental pollution and many other questions. So the increase of biological research and investment control, gradually replace the traditional chemical control. 城市园林植物病虫害发作现状及特性，园林植物病虫害布局杂乱和品种繁复，园林植物品种多，布局杂乱，描绘和装备千差万别，多种多样的植物品种、丰厚的数量为病虫的发作供给了丰厚的食物源和寄主，构成了园林植物特有的病虫害布局和品种。 City garden plant diseases and insect pests attack situation and characteristics, ornamental plant diseases and insect pests of layout messy and complex variety, variety of garden plants, messy layout, drawing and equipment differ in thousands of ways, the number of diverse plant species, abundant supply of food source and host lucrative for pest attack, constitute the unique layout of garden plant diseases and insect pests and variety. 如今大多数城市都盛行从外地引入边际树种使园林植物的抗逆、抗病、抗虫才能削弱，加上其成长环境透气性差、长时间缺水、缺肥、空气污染严峻、光照条件缺乏致使了园林植物病虫害发作的频频性与长时间性。园林植物病虫害防治具有杂乱性和特殊性，园林植物的品种日益丰厚，以及园林植物自身所在环境的特殊性，决议了园林植物病虫害避免的杂乱性和特殊性。在改革开放的过程中，国外园林个性不断传入我国，植物的装备和园林植物栽培办法愈加灵敏，如疏林草地、规矩美化等打破了格式。园林植物品种、数量以及美化面积大幅添加改变了城市华夏有的首要病虫害的品种和损害。如今蛀干害虫、5小害虫（蚜、蚧、螨、粉虱、蓟码）和生态枝干病害已经成为城市园林首要病虫害。据全国33个城市近年查询显现，我国仅蚧虫就有1024种。 Now most of the city are introduced from outside the prevalence of marginal species of garden plants, disease resistance, insect resistance to weaken, and the growth environment of poor air permeability, water shortage for a long time, fertilizer, air pollution is serious, light conditions lack of garden plant diseases and insect pests attack frequently and long time of. Garden plant pest control has complex and special, garden plant varieties increasingly lucrative, particularity and landscape plants in their environment, decision of the garden plant diseases and insect pests avoid clutter and particularity. In the process of reform and opening up, foreign landscape character continuously introduced into our country, equipment and landscape plants cultivation measures plants more sensitive, such as sparse forest grassland, landscaping, broke the format. Species, number of garden plants and beautify the area greatly add change City Huaxia some primary pest species and damage. Now the stem borer, 5 small insects ( aphids, Coccids, mites, whitefly, Thistle code ) and ecological stem diseases has become the first city garden plant diseases and insect pests. According to the 33 city in the query appears, our country only has 1024 kind of scale insect. 园林植物病虫害现行的首要防治办法。在搞好猜测预告的前提下，正确的运用农药进行防治，通常能够获得杰出的防治效果。当前国内常用的杀虫剂有爱福丁、吡虫啉、锐劲特、灭幼脲等；杀菌剂有百菌清、多菌灵、粉锈宁、甲基托布津等。在园林植保工作中首要用的施药办法有喷雾、熏蒸、毒笔涂环、蛀空注射等。可是很多的选用化学防治构成了严峻的土壤、水域、空气污染。 Garden plant diseases and insect pests prevention and control measures of primary current. To do a good job in the premise of the forecast, the correct use of pesticides to control, usually can obtain the control effect of outstanding. Pesticides commonly used at home and have a loving, imidacloprid, fipronil, fording diflubenzuron; fungicide chlorothalonil Triadimefon, carbendazim, thiophanate methyl, etc. Application in garden plant protection work first with a spray, fumigation, poison pen painting, by injection. But a lot of the selection of chemical control constitutes a serious soil, water, air pollution. 物理防治当前在园林植物病虫害防治上使用的不太广泛，没有构成必定的规划。首要的防治办法有如使用一些害虫的趋光性，在园林植物上悬挂黑光灯或高压灭虫灯来诱杀成虫。有条件的当地，环保部门还能够选用超声波、热处置、射线照耀等办法处置种子和插条，消除病原物或害虫。我国北方使用松毛虫下树越冬的习性，在春季松毛虫上树前扎上塑料带，可阻碍越冬害虫上树，减轻其损害。 Physical control in the garden plant diseases and insect pests prevention and control on the use of less extensive, do not constitute a certain planning. Primary prevention measures such as the use of some pest phototaxis, hanging black light lamp or high-voltage insect-killing lamp to garden plants to attract adult. Conditions of the local environmental protection departments can also choose, ultrasonic, heat treatment, such as radiation on disposal of seed