M4U1-Grammar-直接引语和间接引语.ppt

M4U1Grammar,Directspeechandreportedspeech,Hesaid,”Ilostakeyheretoday.”,Directspeech直接引语,Hesaid(that)hehadlostakeytherethatday,Reportedspeech间接引语,直接引语和间接引语定义：交际中我们常常需要引述别人说的话1.一种是原封不动地引用原话，放在引号内，称为直接引语（TheDirectSpeech）2.另一种用自己的话加以转述，称为间接引语(TheIndirectSpeech)。,Hesaid,”Ilostakeyheretoday.”,Hesaid(that)hehadlostakeytherethatday,观察两句话的不同之处：,直接引语与间接引语转化变化之处：1.句子结构(sentencestructure)【标点+陈述语序】2.人称代词(personalpronouns)3.时态(tenses)4.时间、地点状语(adverbialsoftimeandplaces),Hesaidtome,“Iveleftherbookinyourroom”,HesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly”,1、人称的变化,Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim”,Shetoldmethatthat_wantedhelphim,HetoldLilythat_mustgetupearly.,Hetoldmethat_hadleft_bookin_room.,he,her,my,she,they,2.时态的变化：(1).如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时态，间接引语中的动词时态保持不变。Hesays,“IliveinLondon.”=Hesaysthathe_inLondon.(2).如果主句中的谓语动词是过去时态，间接引语中的动词时态往过去推,作如下变化：,lives,过去进行(was/weredoing),过去完成(haddone),过去完成(haddone),过去将来(woulddo),不变,过去完成进行(hadbeendoing),一般过去(did),Hesaid,“IliveinLondon.”=Hesaidthathe_inLondon.Hesaid,“IamlivinginLondonnow.”=Hesaidthathe_inLondonthen.Hesaid,“IwillliveinLondonnextyear.”=Hesaidthathe_inLondonthenextyear.Hesaid,“IlivedinLondonforyears.”=Hesaidthathe_inLondonforyears.,lived,wasliving,wouldlive,hadlived,(3)直接引语如果是客观事实或真理，变为间接引语时，从句时态不变。Theteachersaid,Theearthmovesaroundthesun.=Theteachersaidthattheearth_aroundthesun.,moves,3.时间状语转换：,then,thatday/yesterday/onSaturday,etc.,thenextday/thefollowingday/onTuesday,etc.,thedaybefore/thepreviousday/onTuesday,etc.,theweekafter/thefollowingweek,etc.,theyearbefore/thepreviousyear,etc.,aweekbefore/aweekearlier,etc.,直接引语中的时间状语转换规则：,练习：把下列句子改为间接引语,1.Iwillcomeandseeyouagainnextweek,Tom,hesaid.2.IsawTomlastnight,shesaid.3.Thedoctorsaidtothepatient,Youwillhavetowaittill3pmtomorrow.,HetoldTomthathewouldgoandseehimagainthefollowingweek.,ShesaidthatshedseenTomthenightbefore.,Thedoctortoldthepatientthathewouldhavetowaittill3pmthenext/followingday.,4.地点状语，指示代词，动词的变化地点状语的变化：herethere指示代词的变化：thisthatthesethose动词的变化：comegobringtake,Shesaid,“Illcomehereagaintonight.”,Shesaidshewouldgothereagainthatnight.,Hesaid,“Iwantthis.”,Hesaidthathewantedthat.,MaysaidtoTom,“Illbringsomephotosheretoyoutomorrow.”,MaytoldTomshewouldtakesomephotostheretohimthenextday.,Exercise:Page9,Answers:was(2)Wouldbe(3)hadread(4)that(5)would,(6)hadbought(7)that(8)would(9)those(10)her,Exercise:Page92,C1:your,tomorrow(2)Idid,lastIhavent(3)Haveyouhad(4)Ifinishedyesterday,(5)amgoing(6)Willcome(7)havetotodaywonttomorrow,M4U1Grammar(2),Directspeechandreportedspeech,直接引语间接引语:,陈述句(statements),疑问句(questions),祈使句(imperativesentences),一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,1.陈述句:用that引导的宾语从句，that可以省略。语序不变,“Idontlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriends.,Sarahsaidtoherfriends,that,Idontlike,computers.,told,didnt,she,Sarahtoldherfriendsthatshedidntlikecomputers.,adviseexplaininsistpromiseannouncesuggestwarn,1.Shesaid“Illcomethisevening.”Shesaid(that)shewouldgothatevening.2.Mysistersaidtome,“Imleavingtomorrow.”Mysistertoldme(that)shewasleavingthenext(following)day.3.Hesaid,“Mymotherisnotherenow.”Hesaid(that)hismotherwasnottherethen.,Todsaid(that)therewasntanytroubleandthathewaswaitingforhischange.,注意:当两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时,仅能省略第一个that,其余的不能省略。,Todsaid,“ThereisntanytroubleandImwaitingformychange(零钱)”.,2.一般疑问句:whether/if引导的宾语从句Theyaskedhim,”Isiteasytosolvetheproblem?”,Theyaskedhim,whether/if,Itiseasytosolvetheproblem.,itiseasytosolvetheproblem,asked,is,was,Theyaskedhimifitwaseasytosolvetheproblem.,Theyaskedhim,“Doyouhaveacar?”,Theyaskedhim,Whether/if,youhaveacar,youhaveacar.,he,had,Theyaskedhimwhether/ifhehadacar.,2.一般疑问句直接引语变间接引语,Theyaskedhim,“Canyouplaytheguitar?”,Theyaskedhim,Whether/if,Youcanplaytheguitar,youcanplaytheguitar.,he,could,Theyaskedhimwhether/ifhecouldplaytheguitar.,Theyaskedhim.“Areyouastudent?”,Theyaskedhim,Whether/if,youareastudent,youareaastudent.,he,was,Theyaskedhimwhetherhewasastudent.,注意：选择疑问句和反义疑问句Heaskedme,“DoyouliveinLondonorParis?”=Heaskedmeif/whetherIlivedinLondonorParis.Heaskedme,“YouliveinLondon,dontyou?”=Heaskedmeif/whetherIlivedinLondon.,3.特殊疑问句:wh-词引导的宾语从句Theyaskedhim,”whendoyouliveinLondon?”,Theyaskedhim,when,youliveinLondon,youliveinLondon.,he,harvested,TheyaskedhimwhenhelivedinLondon.,lived,Shesaidtome“Whyareyouinterestedinscience?”Sheaskedme_interestedinscience.2.Heaskedhim“whenwillyoubuytheredcoat?”Heaskedhim_buytheredcoat.3.Shirleyaskedme“Wherewereyouborn?”Shirleyaskedme_born.4.“Whatswrongwithyou?”Lilyaskedme.Lilyaskedme_with_.,Exercises:,whyIwas,whenhewould,whereIwas,whatwaswrongme,其它可用于此结构的动词：Dontworry,Mickey,Jensaid.Jen_Mickeynottoworry.Dontbelieveeveryadyouread,Lilysaidtome.Lily_menottobelieveeveryadIread.,adviseencourageinviteremindwarn,4.祈使句：动词不定式,当直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时,间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell,ask,order等,并把直接引语的祈使句变成带(not)to的不定式短语。句型：tell/ask/ordersb(not)todosth.,asked/told,told/advised,Theteachersaidtothestudents,Stoptalking.Theteacher_thestudents_talking.Theteachersaidtous,Dontplayinclass.Theteacher_us_inclass.,asked/told,tostop,asked/told,nottoplay,Summary总结1.当直接引语是陈述句：由(that)引导宾语从句，结构是：主语+said/told(that)（时态往过去推)2.当直接引语是一般疑问句:用whether/if引导宾语从句主语+asked+whether/if+从句,3.当直接引语是特殊疑问句时，用原来的特殊疑问词引导（what/where等）主语+asked+特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句4.当直接引语是祈使句时用句型：主语+told/askedsb(not)todosth,Exercise:Page11,A2.WangQinaskedhowitcouldhelphimrememberEnglishwords.3.LuKaiaskedwhether/ifittaughtlisteningandspeaking.4LiuFangaskedwhatthedesignerwoulddoifshewasnotsatisfiedwiththesoftware.5GuJinaskedwhetherifitwaseasytouse.,B2.encouragesustouseinterestingandattractivephotos.3.recommendsthatwe(should)useeye-catchinglogos4.suggeststhatwe(should)maketheslogansshortandeasytoremember5.tellsustomakegooduseofcolourstoattractpeoplesattention.,Exercise:Page11,Exercise:Page92,C21.T