闭锁式液力偶合器设计（离心式摩擦离合器）【说明书+CAD】
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河南理工大学万方科技学院本科毕业设计（论文）中期检查表指导教师： 王得胜 职称： 教授 所在院（系）：机械与动力工程系 教研室（研究室）：机械设计教研室题 目闭锁式液力偶合器的设计学生姓名王加有专业班级08机设2班学号0828070051一、 选题质量：1， 该选题为闭锁式液力偶合器的设计，这可以对我大学四年所学知识进行一次较为全面的练习。2，题目的难易程度适中，并且是多个行业常用设备。 2， 题目的工作量：要求完成3张以上的A0图纸，2.53万的说明书一份。4，所选题目紧密结合着生产实际，在我的专业范围之内，这必对我以后从事的生产和实践工作有很大的帮助。 二、 开题报告完成情况：结合现在的新技术和新设备等方面资料的搜集，通过对可行性的分析，我认真的进行了这次毕业设计的选题。选此题目以后，针对这个设计的题目我认真的查阅了相关的资料，我逐渐找到了设计的切入点，顺利的完成了开题报告。三、阶段性成果：1通过对闭锁式液力偶合器的整体了解，在加上指导老师的仔细讲解，我对本次毕业设计的课题有了较为深入的理解，现在我已收集了大量的资料和文献，为设计的顺利完成做好了充分的准备。2. 在老师的指导和同学的帮助下找到了设计的基本方法，开始了一些基本的结构设计。3. 正在进行装配图的CAD画图。四、存在主要问题：这次是我第一次系统的进行设计，所以在刚开始时有些茫然不知如何着手，设计工作做的很不顺利，后来找了指导老师，老师对此进行了仔细的讲解，并与本组同学进行了商量，我逐渐找到是设计的切入点，我觉得这对我以后设计工作的顺利进行有很大的帮助。随着设计的逐渐进行我又遇到了许多的新的更加复杂的问题，这些问题使我充分认识到了自己在以前学习中的不足和差距，所以我要以本次设计为契机加强自己薄弱环节的学习，争取使我的毕业设计能够取得好的成绩，也使我所学的知识能够在以后的工作中发挥更大的作用。五、指导教师对学生在毕业实习中，劳动、学习纪律及毕业设计（论文）进展等方面的评语指导教师： （签名） 年 月 日河南理工大学万方科技学院本科毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目名称 闭锁式液力偶合器学生姓名王加有专业班级08机设2班学号0828070051一、 选题的目的和意义：（1） 选题的目的在国际竞争日益加大的今天，我国企业的经营环境和经营理念等发生了极大地变化，企业争相研究新技术并尽力把新技术转化为生产力，这使无形资产在绝对数和相对数上都有快速、大量的增长。远对液力耦合器行业的发展具有深的影响。在各国 贸易保护主义的时期，液力耦合器行业中技术含量低的人力密集型企业，缺乏品牌的出口导向型企业面临发展危机，而注重培养品牌和技术创新能力较强的企业将占得先机，液力耦合器行业企业如何面对新的经济环境和政策环境，制定适合当前形势和自身特点的发展策略与竞争策略，是液力耦合器行业企业在未来两年我国经济结构调整大潮中立于不败之地的关键。我国对液力偶合器的应用还不是很普遍，但液力偶合器所具有的改善品质和节约能源等优点，表明了它具有较强的生命力。随着我国科学技术的发展，以及人们对液力偶合器的认识不断加深，其应用领域将会日益扩大。（2） 选题的意义 随着我国加入WTO及全球一体化的深入我国对液力偶合器的应用还不是很普遍，但液力偶合器所具有的改善品质和节约能源等优点，表明了它具有较强的生命力。在许多固定的机械设计上，在动力机与工作机构之间也多设有传动装置，其主要功能不外乎满足工作机调速和调节功率的要求，也有的主要是为了改善起动机加速性能、过载保护、提高运用可靠性和工作寿命。因而传动装置的功用就不仅仅是简单地将动力机之动力传至走行部分，而主要在于将动力机的特性转变为适应车辆运行要求的特征。液力偶合器是一种应用很广泛的通用传动元件，它置于动力机与工作机之间，传递两者的动力。其作用似乎和联轴器相同，但实质并不相同。在改善启动性能、过载保护、无级变速、对载荷有自动适应性等方面，液力偶合器的特性是联轴器所没有的。随着我国科学技术的发展，以及人们对液力偶合器的认识不断加深，其应用领域将会日益扩大。在对相关著作的学习、研究中得到更多、更深层的理论知识。二、 国内外研究综述：（一）国内研究现状 进入二十一世纪以来，随着我国国民经济的高速发展，我国液力耦合器行业保持了多年高速增长，近年来，液力耦合器行业的出口也形势喜人，2008年，全球金融危机爆发，我国液力耦合器行业发展也遇到了一些困难，如国内需求下降，出口减少等，液力耦合器行业普遍出现了经营不景气和利润下降的局面，2009年，随着我国经济刺激计划出台和全球经济走出低谷，我国液力耦合器行业也逐渐从金融危机的打击中恢复，重新进入良性发展轨道，进入2010年，全球经济复苏的前景面临波折，国内经济结构调整的呼声逐渐升温，对于液力耦合器行业来说是至关重要的一年，虽然经济整体企稳回升，但是仍存在诸多不确定因素，本报告也将从宏观和微观环境对我国液力耦合器行业的发展现状，政策环境、竞争策略，投资前景，市场容量，进出口形势等方面进行全面而的分析。（二）国外研究现状 当前，国际能源日益紧张，人们不得不把注意力放到如何提高能源利用率和节约能源方面来。因此，可以在应用中节约能源的调速型液力偶合器和液力偶合器传动装置得到了迅速发展。由于液力偶合器传动装置结构复杂、技术精密、加工精度高、难度大、利润高，因而西方各大公司竞相研制生产，竞争很激烈。对于有形资产，各行业都有不同之处，需要分别进行探讨。国外对有形资产要比国内更加重视，他们在理论上有很多需要我们借鉴的地方。尤其一提的是，国外对开发成本的研究日趋成熟，值得我们研究并学习。 三、 毕业设计（论文）所用的主要技术与方法： 主要采用论文分析法、案例分析法、调查法、演绎与归纳、规范和实证等科学方法，用理论分析和事实依据来加以论证，用制图软件绘图，并对大量的文献进行分析研究，并且在此基础上进行深化创新，同时在实践的基础上进行调查访问，对已计算出的结果进行深入探讨，最终提出自己的观点看法，撰写成文，完成毕业论文。四、 主要参考文献与资料获得情况：（一）主要参考文献1. 童祖楹编著液力偶合器工业机械工业出版社2. 杨乃乔，蒋丽英编著夜里调速与节能国防工业出版社3. 濮良贵，纪名刚主编机械设计高等教育出版社4. 孔庆华，刘传绍主编极限配合与测量技术基础同济大学出版社5孙恒 ，陈作模 主编 机械原理西北工业大学机械原理及机械零件教研室 编（(（二）资料获得情况 1、指导老师建议 2、通过网络搜索 3、图书馆查阅资料 4、数据期刊下载五、 毕业设计（论文）进度安排（按周说明）第一周，选题并与指导老师确定题目第二周，确定题目，收集相关的资料；写毕业设计报告第三周，开始查阅相关资料及毕业设计的格式第四周，确定设计方案，进行结构设计第五周，撰写毕业设计的各个方面内容第六周， 利用CAD开始画一些基本的离心式摩擦离合器的相关部件第七周 ，利用CAD开始画一些复杂的离合器的大型图第八周 ， 对CAD进行检查与修改第九周 ，完成毕业论文一稿第十周 ，论文初稿与小组成员进行讨论第十一周 ， 完成毕业论文撰写，并进行再次修改，第十二周 ，完成论文第二稿，并就第一稿与指导老师进行探讨以便进行修改第十三周 ， 整理装订论文第十四周 ， 准备毕业论文答辩阶段，交毕业论文第十五周 ， 按学院要求进行毕业论文答辩六、 指导教师审批意见： 指导教师： （签名）年 月 日 5 河南理工大学万方科技学院本科毕业论文 附录：外文资料与中文翻译外文资料： Hydraulic System Hydraulic presser drive and air pressure drive hydraulic fluid as the transmission is made according to the 17th century, Pascals principle of hydrostatic pressure to drive the development of an emerging technology, the United Kingdom in 1795 Braman Joseph (Joseph Braman ,1749-1814), in London water as a medium to form hydraulic press used in industry, the birth of the worlds first hydraulic press. Media work in 1905 will be replaced by oil-water and further improved.After the World War I (1914-1918) ,because of the extensive application of hydraulic transmission, espec- ially after 1920, more rapid development. Hydraulic components in the late 19th century about the early 20th century, 20 years, only started to enter the formal phase of industrial production. 1925 Vickers (F. Vikers) the invention of the pressure balanced vane pump, hydraulic components for the modern industrial or hydraulic transmission of the gradual establishment of the foundation. The early 20th century G Constantimscofluct- uations of the energy carried out by passing theoretical and practical research; in 1910 on the hydraulic trans- mission (hydraulic coupling, hydraulic torque converter, etc.) contributions, so that these two areas of develo- pment.The Second World War (1941-1945) period, in the United States 30% of machine tool applications in the hydraulic transmission. It should be noted that the development of hydraulic transmission in Japan than Europe and the United States and other countries for nearly 20 years later. Before and after in 1955, the rapid development of Japans hydraulic drive, set up in 1956, Hydraulic Industry. Nearly 20 to 30 years, the development of Japans fast hydraulic transmission, a world leader.Hydraulic transmission There are many outstanding advantages, it is widely used, such as general industr- ial use of plastics processing machinery, the pressure of machinery, machine tools, etc.; operating machinery engineering machinery, construction machinery, agricultural machinery, automobiles, etc.; iron and steel indu- stry metallurgical machinery, lifting equipment, such as roller adjustment device; civil water projects with flo- od control and dam gate devices, bed lifts installations, bridges and other manipulation of institutions; speed turbine power plant installations, nuclear power plants, etc.; ship from the deck heavy machinery (winch), the bow doors, bulkhead valve, stern thruster, etc.; special antenna technology giant with control devices, measu- rement buoys, movements such as rotating stage; military-industrial control devices used in artillery, ship anti- rolling devices, aircraft simulation, aircraft retractable landing gear and rudder control devices and other devi- ces.A complete hydraulic system consists of five parts, namely, power components, the implementation of co- mponents, control components, auxiliary components and hydraulic oil. The role of dynamic components of the original motive fluid into mechanical energy to the pressure that the hydraulic system of pumps, it is to power the entire hydraulic system. The structure of the form of hydra- ulic pump gears are generally pump, vane pump and piston pump. Implementation of components (such as hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors) which is the pressure of the liquid can be converted to mechanical energy to drive the load for a straight line reciprocating movement or rotational movement.Control components (that is, the various hydraulic valves) in the hydraulic system to control and regulate the pressure of liquid, flow rate and direction. According to the different control functions, hydraulic pressure control valve can be divided into valves, flow control valves and directional control valve. Pressure control valves are divided into benefits flow valve (safety valve), pressure relief valve, sequence valve, pressure relays, etc.; flow control valves including throttle, adjusting the valves, flow diversion valve sets, etc.; directional control valve includes a one-way valve , one-way fluid control valve, shuttle valve, valve and so on. Under the control of different ways, can be divided into the hydraulic valve control switch valve, control valve and set the value of the ratio control valve. Auxiliary components, including fuel tanks, oil filters, tubing and pipe joints, seals, pressure gauge, oil level, such as oil dollars. Hydraulic oil in the hydraulic system is the work of the energy transfer medium, there are a variety of mineral oil, emulsion oil hydraulic molding Hop categories.The role of the hydraulic system is to help humanity work. Mainly by the implementation of components to rotate or pressure into a reciprocating motion. Hydraulic system and hydraulic power control signal is composed of two parts, the signal control of some parts of the hydraulic power used to drive the control valve movement. Part of the hydraulic power means that the circuit diagram used to show the different functions of the interrelationship between components. Containing the source of hydraulic pump, hydraulic motor and auxiliary components; hydraulic control part contains a variety of control valves, used to control the flow of oil, pressure and direction; operative or hydraulic cylinder with hydraulic motors, according to the actual requirements of their choice.In the analysis and design of the actual task, the general block diagram shows the actual operation of equi - pment. Hollow arrow indicates the signal flow, while the solid arrows that energy flow. Basic hydraulic circuit of the action sequence - Control components (two four-way valve) and the spring to reset for the implementation of components (double-acting hydraulic cylinder), as well as the extending and retracting the relief valve opened and closed . For the implementation of components and control components, presentations are based on the corresponding circuit diagram symbols, it also introduced ready made circuit diagram symbols.Working principle of the system, you can turn on all circuits to code. If the first implementation of components numbered 0, the control components associated with the identifier is 1. Out with the implementation of components corresponding to the identifier for the even components, then retracting and implementation of components corresponding to the identifier for the odd components. Hydraulic circuit carried out not only to deal with numbers, but also to deal with the actual device ID, in order to detect system failures.DIN ISO1219-2 standard definition of the number of component composition, which includes the following four parts: device ID, circuit ID, component ID and component ID. The entire system if only one device, device number may be omitted. Practice, another way is to code all of the hydraulic system components for numbers at this time, components and component code should be consistent with the list of numbers. This method is particularly applicable to complex hydraulic control system, each control loop are the corresponding number with the system With mechanical transmission, electrical transmission compared to the hydraulic drive has the following advantages: 1, a variety of hydraulic components, can easily and flexibly to layout. 2, light weight, small size, small inertia, fast response. 3, to facilitate manipulation of control, enabling a wide range of stepless speed regulation (speed range of 2000:1). 4, to achieve overload protection automatically. 5, the general use of mineral oil as a working medium, the relative motion can be self-lubricating surface, long service life; 6, it is easy to achieve linear motion / 7, it is easy to achieve the automation of machines, when the joint control of the use of electro-hydraulic, not only can achieve a higher degree of process automation, and remote control can be achieved. The shortcomings of the hydraulic system: 1, as a result of the resistance to fluid flow and leakage of the larger, so less efficient. If not handled properly, leakage is not only contaminated sites, but also may cause fire and explosion. 2, vulnerable performance as a result of the impact of temperature change, it would be inappropriate in the high or low temperature conditions. 3, the manufacture of precision hydraulic components require a higher, more expensive and hence the price. 4, due to the leakage of liquid medium and the compressibility and can not be strictly the transmission ratio. 5, hydraulic transmission is not easy to find out the reasons for failure; the use and maintenance requirements for a higher level of technology.In the hydraulic system and its system, the sealing device to prevent leakage of the work of media within and outside the dust and the intrusion of foreign bodies. Seals played the role of components, namely seals. Medium will result in leakage of waste, pollution and environmental machinery and even give rise to malfunctioning machinery and equipment for personal accident. Leakage within the hydraulic system will cause a sharp drop in volumetric efficiency, amounting to less than the required pressure, can not even work. Micro-invasive system of dust particles, can cause or exacerbate friction hydraulic component wear, and further lead to leakage.Therefore, seals and sealing device is an important hydraulic equipment components. The reliability of its work and life, is a measure of the hydraulic system an important indicator of good or bad. In addition to the closed space, are the use of seals, so that two adjacent coupling surface of the gap between the need to control the liquid can be sealed following the smallest gap. In the contact seal, pressed into self-seal-style and self-styled self-tight seal (ie, sealed lips) two.The three hydraulic system diseases 1, as a result of heat transmission medium (hydraulic oil) in the flow velocity in various parts of the existence of different, resulting in the existence of a liquid within the internal friction of liquids and pipelines at the sam- e time there is friction between the inner wall, which are a result of hydraulic the reasons for the oil tempera- ture. Temperature will lead to increased internal and external leakage, reducing its mechanical efficiency. At the same time as a result of high temperature, hydraulic oil expansion will occur, resulting in increased com- pression, so that action can not be very good control of transmission. Solution: heat is the inherent characte -ristics of the hydraulic system, not only to minimize eradication. Use a good quality hydraulic oil, hydraulic piping arrangement should be avoided as far as possible the emergence of bend, the use of high-quality pipe and fittings, hydraulic valves, etc.2, the vibration of the vibration of the hydraulic system is also one of its malaise. As a result of hydraulic oil in the pipeline flow of high-speed impact and the control valve to open the closure of the impact of the process are the reasons for the vibration system. Strong vibration control action will cause the system to error, the system will also be some of the more sophisticated equipment error, resulting in system failures. Solutions: hydraulic pipe should be fixed to avoid sharp bends. To avoid frequent changes in flow direction, can not avoid damping measures should be doing a good job. The entire hydraulic system should have a good damping measures, while avoiding the external local oscillator on the system.3, the leakage of the hydraulic system leak into inside and outside the leakage leakage. Leakage refers to the process with the leak occurred in the system, such as hydraulic piston-cylinder on both sides of the leakage, the control valve spool and valve body, such as between the leakage. Although no internal leakage of hydra- ulic fluid loss, but due to leakage, the control of the established movements may be affected until the cause system failures. Outside means the occurrence of leakage in the system and the leakage between the external environment. Direct leakage of hydraulic oil into the environment, in addition to the system will affect the working environment, not enough pressure will cause the system to trigger a fault. Leakage into the enviro- nment of the hydraulic oil was also the danger of fire. Solution: the use of better quality seals to improve the machining accuracy of equipment. Another: the hydraulic system for the three diseases, it was summed up: fever, with a father拉稀 (This is the summary of the northeast people). Hydraulic system for the lifts, excavators, pumping station, dynamic, crane, and so on large-scale industry, construction, factories, enterprises, as well as elevators, lifting platforms, Deng Axle industry and so on. Hydraulic components will be high-performance, high-quality, high reliability, the system sets the direction of development; to the low power, low noise, vibration, without leakage, as well as pollution control, water-based media applications to adapt to environmental requirements, such as the direction of development; the development of highly integrated high power density, intelligence, mechatronics and micro-light mini-hydraulic components; active use of new techniques, new materials and electronics, sensing and other high-tech.- Hydraulic coupling to high-speed high-power and integrated development of hydraulic transmission equ- ipment, development of water hydraulic coupling medium speed and the field of automotive applications to develop hydraulic reducer, improve product reliability and working hours MTBF; hydraulic torque converter to the development of high-power products, parts and components to improve the manufacturing process tech -nology to improve reliability, promote computer-aided technology, the development of hydraulic torque con- verter and power shift transmission technology supporting the use of ; Clutch fluid viscosity should increase the quality of products, the formation of bulk to the high-power and high-speed direction. Pneumatic Industry:- Products to small size, light weight, low power consumption, integrated portfolio of development, the implementation of the various types of components, compact structure, high positioning accuracy of the direction of development; pneumatic components and electronic technology, to the intelligent direction of development; component performance to high-speed, high-frequency, high-response, high-life, high temp- erature, high voltage direction, commonly used oil-free lubrication, application of new technology, new technology and new materials.(1) used high-pressure hydraulic components and the pressure of continuous work to reach 40Mpa, the maximum pressure to achieve instant 48Mpa; (2) diversification of regulation and control; (3) to further improve the regulation performance, increase the efficiency of the powertrain; (4) development and mechanical, hydraulic, power transmission of the composite portfolio adjustment gear; (5) development of energy saving, energy efficient system function; (6) to further reduce the noise; (7) Application of Hydraulic Cartridge Valves thread technology, compact structure, to reduce the oil spill.中文翻译： 液压系统液压传动和气压传动称为流体传动，是根据17世纪帕斯卡提出的液体静压力传动原理而发展起来的一门新兴技术，1795年英国约瑟夫布拉曼(Joseph Braman,1749-1814)，在伦敦用水作为工作介质，以水压机的形式将其应用于工业上，诞生了世界上第一台水压机。1905年将工作介质水改为油，又进一步得到改善。第一次世界大战(1914-1918)后液压传动广泛应用，特别是1920年以后，发展更为迅速。液压元件大约在 19 世纪末 20 世纪初的20年间，才开始进入正规的工业生产阶段。1925 年维克斯(F.Vikers)发明了压力平衡式叶片泵,为近代液压元件工业或液压传动的逐步建立奠定了基础。20 世纪初康斯坦丁尼斯克(GConstantimsco)对能量波动传递所进行的理论及实际研究;1910年对液力传动(液力联轴节、液力变矩器等)方面的贡献，使这两方面领域得到了发展。第二次世界大战(1941-1945)期间,在美国机床中有30%应用了液压传动。应该指出,日本液压传动的发展较欧美等国家晚了近 20 多年。在 1955 年前后 , 日本迅速发展液压传动,1956 年成立了“液压工业会”。近2030 年间，日本液压传动发展之快，居世界领先地位。液压传动有许多突出的优点，因此它的应用非常广泛，如一般工业用的塑料加工机械、压力机械、机床等；行走机械中的工程机械、建筑机械、农业机械、汽车等；钢铁工业用的冶金机械、提升装置、轧辊调整装置等；土木水利工程用的防洪闸门及堤坝装置、河床升降装置、桥梁操纵机构等；发电厂涡轮机调速装置、核发电厂等等；船舶用的甲板起重机械（绞车）、船头门、舱壁阀、船尾推进器等；特殊技术用的巨型天线控制装置、测量浮标、升降旋转舞台等；军事工业用的火炮操纵装置、船舶减摇装置、飞行器仿真、飞机起落架的收放装置和方向舵控制装置等。一个完整的液压系统由五个部分组成，即动力元件、执行元件、控制元件、辅助元件和液压油。 动力元件的作用是将原动机的机械能转换成液体的压力能，指液压系统中的油泵，它向整个液压系统提供动力。液压泵的结构形式一般有齿轮泵、叶片泵和柱塞泵。 执行元件(如液压缸和液压马达)的作用是将液体的压力能转换为机械能，驱动负载作直线往复运动或回转运动。 控制元件(即各种液压阀)在液压系统中控制和调节液体的压力、流量和方向。根据控制功能的不同，液压阀可分为压力控制阀、流量控制阀和方向控制阀。压力控制阀又分为益流阀(安全阀)、减压阀、顺序阀、压力继电器等；流量控制阀包括节流阀、调整阀、分流集流阀等；方向控制阀包括单向阀、液控单向阀、梭阀、换向阀等。根据控制方式不同，液压阀可分为开关式控制阀、定值控制阀和比例控制阀。 辅助元件包括油箱、滤油器、油管及管接头、密封圈、压力表、油位油温计等。 液压油是液压系统中传递能量的工作介质，有各种矿物油、乳化液和合成型液压油等几大类。 液压系统的作用就是帮助人类做工。主要是由执行元件把压力变成转动或往复运动。 液压系统由信号控制和液压动力两部分组成，信号控制部分用于驱动液压动力部分中的控制阀动作。液压动力部分采用回路图方式表示，以表明不同功能元件之间的相互关系。液压源含有液压泵、电动机和液压辅助元件；液压控制部分含有各种控制阀，其用于控制工作油液的流量、压力和方向；执行部分含有液压缸或液压马达，其可按实际要求来选择。在分析和设计实际任务时，一般采用方框图显示设备中实际运行状况。 空心箭头表示信号流，而实心箭头则表示能量流。基本液压回路中的动作顺序控制元件（二位四通换向阀）的换向和弹簧复位、执行元件（双作用液压缸）的伸出和回缩以及溢流阀的开启和关闭。 对于执行元件和控制元件，演示文稿都是基于相应回路图符号，这也为介绍回路图符号作了准备。根据系统工作原理，您可对所有回路依次进行编号。如果第一个执行元件编号为0，则与其相关的控制元件标识符则为1。如果与执行元件伸出相对应的元件标识符为偶数，则与执行元件回缩相对应的元件标识符则为奇数。 不仅应对液压回路进行编号，也应对实际设备进行编号，以便发现系统故障。DIN ISO1219-2
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