延续性动词与非延续性动词在现在完成时中的运用

延续性动词与非延续性动词动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。,一、延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,如：for2years，foralongtime;since从句,如：sincehecamehere;since+时间点名词,如：sincelastyear,since5daysago;howlong等。,二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或点动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open,die,close,begin(start),finish,come,go,move,borrow,lend,buy等。非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：twoyearsago;at5oclock;eg：Hedied5yearsago.,终止性动词所表示的动作极其短暂且不能持续，所以在完成时的肯定句中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：for3years，sincehecamehere，howlong，ect.且看下面三个错误句子：1)Jimhascomehereforfiveyears.2)Hehasdiedfor3years.否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。,现在完成时中延续性动词和非延续性动词延续性动词：studylearnsleeplivesingdanceswimdrinkteachkeep非延续性动词：buyborrowlenddieleavebegincome/go这些动词不能和howlong;for.since连用要把它们变成其他相应的词.-（buy买了）have/hashad（borrow借了）have/haskept（start/begin开始了）have/hasbeenon（leave离开了）have/hasbeenaway(from).（来到某地/去某地.）have/hasbeenin（die死了）have/hasbeendead,forsince.,如果终止性动词在现在完成时句子中需要同有段时间状语连用，解决这一逻辑矛盾的方法就是将终止性动词转换为延续性动词。,三、延续性动词与终止性动词之间的转换1、用相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词：borrow-keep,buy-have,become/come/go-be,catchacold-haveacold,opensth.-keepsth.open,puton-wear,eg.Iboughtthebook5daysago.Ihavehadthebookfor5days.,2、将终止性动词转换为be+介词短语begin/start-beon,finish-beover,join-bein+组织机构/beamemberof+组织机构,gotoschoolbeinschool,getto/arrive/reach/come/go/move-bein/at+sw.putonbeoneg.Hehasbeeninschoolfor9years.,3、将终止性动词转换为be+名词jointhearmybeasoldier,jointheLeague/PartybeaLeague/Partymembergotoschoolbeastudenteg.HejoinedtheParty2yearsago.HehasbeeninthePartyfor2years.,4、用be+adj./adv.结构替换非延续性动词close/openbeclosed/open,come/goback/return-beback,comehere-behere,die-bedead,fallasleep-beasleep,fallill-beill,finish/end/completebeover,gothere-bethere,go/leave-beaway（from）,go(get)outbeout,getup-beup,marrybemarried,movebeoutofeg.Theoldmandied4yearsago.Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.,5、去掉短语中的结束性动词begintostudystudy,cometowork=work,gettoknow-know,eg：Wehaveknowneachotherfor3years.6、用“Itis/Hasbeen+time+since”句型表达原句的内容。但主句一般用现在时或完成时，since引导的时间状语或短语从句用一般过去时。eg：Itis/Hasbeenthreeyearssincewegottoknoweachother.,7，用“time+havepassedsince”句型表达同样的意思。eg.Hehasbeenawayhishometownfor5years.Fiveyearshaspassedsincehelefthishometown.8，把一时间状语改为过去时间状语，原动词的完成时改为过去一般时。eg.Helefthishometownfiveyearsago.,他参军三年了。Hehasjoinedthearmyfor3years.Hehasbeeninthearmyfor3years.Hehasbeenasoldierfor3years.Itis/Hasbeen3yearssincehejoinedthearmy.Hejoinedthearmy3yearsago.,1.我买这本书三年了。(1).Iboughtthebookthreeyearsago.(2)Ihavehadthebookfor3years.(3)Ihavehadthebooksince3yearsago.Howlonghaveyouhadthebook?2.他借这本书两个月了（1）Heborrowedthebooktwomonthsago.(2）Hehaskeptthebookfor2months.(3)Hehaskeptthebooksince2monthsago.Howlonghashekeptthebook?3.李梅离开济南一年了.(1)LiMeileftJinanoneyearago.(2)LiMeihasbeenawayfromJinanforoneyear.(3)LiMeihasbeenawayfromJinansince1yearago.HowlonghasLiMeibeenawayfromJinan?,请大声读句子，每个读三遍。,会议开始20分钟了。(1)Themeetingbegan20minutesago.(2)Themeetinghasbeenonfor20minutes.(3)Themeetinghasbeenonsince20minutes.Howlonghasthemeetingbeenon?Tom来中国10个月了。（1）TomcametoChina10monthsago.(2)TomhasbeeninChinafor10months.(3)TomhasbeeninChinasince10monthsago.HowlonghasTombeeninChina?,请大声读句子，每个读三遍。,Marry的祖父去世三年了。(1）Marrysgrandfatherdied3yearsago.(2)Marrysgrandfatherhasbeendeadfor3years.(3)Marrysgrandfatherhasbeendeadsince3yearsago.HowlonghasMarrysgrandfatherbeendead?,请大声读句子，每个读三遍。,6.Mysisterhas_for8years.A.becomeadriverB.leftthecityC.arrivedinthecityD.livedhere7.Howlonghaveyou_?A.joinedtheteamB.becom