卧式双面组合镗床及工装夹具设计【变速箱壳体】【说明书+CAD】
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卧式双面组合镗床及工装夹具设计【变速箱壳体】【说明书+CAD】,变速箱壳体,说明书+CAD,卧式,双面,组合,镗床,工装,夹具,设计,变速箱,壳体,说明书,CAD
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存档编码:无无锡锡太太湖湖学学院院 2013 届届毕毕业业作作业业周周次次进进度度计计划划、检检查查落落实实表表 系别:信机系 班级:机械95 学生姓名: 陈超 课题(设计)名称:卧式双面组合镗床及工装设计 开始日期:2012年11月7日周次起止日期工作计划、进度每周主要完成内容存在问题、改进方法指导教师意见并签字备 注1-32012年11月7日-2012年11月27日教师下达毕业设计任务,学生初步阅读资料,完成毕业设计开题报告。按照任务书要求查阅论文相关参考资料,填写毕业设计开题报告书存在问题:对设计目的及要求不明确,对课题理解模糊,实际设计操作能力不足。改进方法:向指导老师请教,通过导师指导后,翻阅图书馆的书籍等途径查阅资料,重新填写报告。4-82012年11月28日-12月31日指导专业实训机械制造综合实训,结合实践了解课题存在问题:发现自己对所学知识的运用能力较差。改进方法:及时的对自己的知识点查漏补缺,了解设备的基本操作及特点,理解原理结构。9-102013年1月9日-2月12日指导毕业实习到企业进行岗位实习,了解本专业的实践知识,掌握基本的设计生产模式。存在问题:缺乏实践动手能力。改进方法:向工程师请教,不断学习,查漏补缺。112013年2月13日-2月17日进行专业外文资料的翻译翻译外文资料存在问题:英文素养低,专业词汇不足。改进方法:上网查询,并结合翻阅软件,向同学求助等方法,不断提升英语翻译能力。122013年2月20日-2月24日查新、查先选择合适的设计方法在导师的帮助下熟悉机械设计中的各种设计方案不能区分各种方案间的不同点,对各方案中的有些概念感到模糊;需要仔细阅读,认真研究132013年2月27日-3月2日设计总体方案确定分析零件,优化总体设计方案存在问题:缺乏设计经验,绘图达不到要求,设计方案不合理,存在材料浪费,配合性差。改进方法:多去车间部门了解实际生产过程,设计合理的装配方案,建立正确的设计方案。142013年3月5日-3月9日选择、确定动力、传动装置分析零件,选择、确定动力、传动装置存在问题:设计经验不足,装置选择不当,与整体方案不相符。改进方法:查阅更多资料,选择合理的装置,建立正确的设计方案和装置要求。152013年3月12日-3月16日初步确定支撑、连接件分析零件,初步确定支撑、连接件存在问题:支撑、连接件设计不合理,设计方案不理想。改进方法:查阅相关资料,翻阅理解前人的设计方案,通过分析公式计算原则和应用条件,合理运用各种公式。162013年3月19日-3月23日总体结构草图绘制初步绘制装配草图存在问题:绘图软件操作不熟练,实际装配不正确。改进方法:网上学习CAD绘图软件,并表示出合理的装配关系。周次起止日期工作计划、进度每周主要完成内容存在问题、改进方法指导教师意见并签字备 注172013年3月26日-3月30日零部件结构设计及校核分析零件图,深入优化零部件结构设计方案存在问题:公式不能灵活运用,没有合理的结构尺寸,设计方案不理想。改进方法:查阅相关资料,翻阅理解前人的设计方案,通过分析公式计算原则和应用条件,合理运用各种公式。182013年4月2日-4月6日零部件精度设计分析零件图,计算零部件精度存在问题:公式运用不灵活,精度计算不够。改进方法:查阅相关资料,通过分析公式计算原则和应用条件,合理运用各种公式。192013年4月9日-4月13日总装图绘制绘制装配图存在问题:实际装配不正确,装配关系不合理。改进方法:网上学习CAD绘图软件,并表示出合理的装配关系。202013年4月16日-4月20日部件装配图绘制修改装配图存在问题:装配图中标准件画法不正确,技术要求填写不合理,没能正确填写明细栏。改进方法:翻阅书本,请导师检阅。212013年4月23日-4月27日非标零件图绘制绘制主要零件的零件图存在问题:零件图的描述不合理,零件图上尺寸公差不达要求,粗糙度选用不规范。改进方法:修改零件图以求以求达到合理要求。222013年4月30日-5月4日整理设计过程资料、校对设计结果整理设计过程资料、校对设计结果存在问题:设计过程比较杂乱,设计结果不太明确。改进方法:整理设计过程,修改设计过程,以求达到合理要求。232013年5月7日-5月11日撰写设计说明书完成设计说明书(论文)、摘要和小结存在问题:说明书(论文)的格式不规范,摘要不合理要求等。改进方法:按学院要求重新修改书面格式,重新并编写摘要。242013年5月14日-5月18日设计资料审核、修改整理所有资料,打印后上交指导教师,在老师的帮助下做最终的修改。按指导老师要求结合学院要求整理资料,做最终修改252013年5月21日-5月25日设计资料审核、提交整理所有资料,打印后上交学校,准备答辩按指导老师要求结合学院要求整理书籍及资料 说明: 1、“工作计划、进度”、“指导教师意见并签字”由指导教师填写,“每周主要完成内容”,“存在问题、改进方法”由学生填写。 2、本表由各系妥善归档,保存备查。机械加工工艺卡片产品型号零件图号共 2 页产品名称变速箱零件名称变速箱第 1 页材料牌号HT200毛坯种类锻件毛坯外形尺寸380x310x320每毛坯件数1每台件数1备注工 序装 夹工步工序内容同时加工零件数切削用量设备名称及编号工艺装备名称及编号技 术 等 级工时定额背吃刀量(mm)切削 速度mm/min每分钟转数进给量(mm)夹具刀具量具单件准终0铸造05人工时效处理10非加工面涂漆处理15粗精铣上盖结合面115148.2475 20转盘铣床专用夹具铣刀游标卡尺20在上结合面钻孔、铰孔、攻丝1559.41910 0.08 钻、攻丝组合机床专用夹具钻头游标卡尺25粗铣前后端面115148.2475 20龙门铣床专用夹具铣刀游标卡尺30粗铣两侧窗口面115148.247520龙门铣床专用夹具铣刀游标卡尺35前后端面钻孔1559.41910 0.08 卧式双面钻孔组合机床专用夹具钻头游标卡尺40两侧窗口面钻1559.41910 0.08 卧式双面钻孔组合机床专用夹具钻头游标卡尺45粗铣倒档轴孔内端面115148.2475 20双面钻铣组合机床专用夹具铣刀游标卡尺50铰窗口面上定位孔10.255.6860.30.62卧式单面铰孔机床专用夹具铰刀游标卡尺编制(日期)审核(日期)会签(日期)标记处数更改文件号签字日期标记处数更改文件号签字日期(工厂)机械加工工艺卡片产品型号零件图号共 2 页产品名称变速箱零件名称变速箱第 2 页材料牌号HT200毛坯种类锻件毛坯外形尺寸380x310x320每毛坯件数1每台件数1备注工 序装 夹工步工序内容同时加工零件数切削用量设备名称及编号工艺装备名称及编号技 术 等 级工时定额背吃刀量(mm)切削 速度mm/min每分钟转数进给量(mm)夹具刀具量具单件准终55粗镗前后端面轴承孔,扩倒档轴孔141024000.15卧式双面多轴组合镗床专用夹具镗刀游标卡尺60精镗前后端面轴承孔,铰倒档轴孔10.2555.6285.20.13卧式双面多轴组合镗床专用夹具镗刀千分尺65精铣两侧窗口面10.25906000.06卧式双面多轴组合铣床专用夹具铣刀千分尺70前后端面螺孔攻丝1138.2668450卧式双面多轴攻丝机床专用夹具钻头游标卡尺75精铣倒档轴孔内端面10.25906000.06卧式铣攻组合机床专用夹具铣刀千分尺80两侧窗口面螺孔攻丝1138.2668450卧式双面多轴攻丝机床专用夹具钻头游标卡尺85精铣前后端面10.25906000.06龙门铣床专用夹具铣刀千分尺90清洗95检验100入库编制(日期)审核(日期)会签(日期)标记处数更改文件号签字日期标记处数更改文件号签字日期无锡太湖学院机械加工工序卡片产品型号零件图号产品名称变速箱箱体零件名称变速箱箱体共1页 第1页车 间工序号工序名称材料牌号金工60镗削HT200毛坯种类毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯可制件数每台件数锻模380x310x32011设备名称设备型号设备编号同时加工件数组合镗床1夹具编号夹具名称切削液专用夹具工位器具编号工位器具名称工序工时准终单件描 图工步号工步内容工步设备主轴转速(r/min)切削速度(mm/min)进给量(mm/r)背吃刀量(mm)进给次数机动辅助1铰30的孔铰刀60.35.680.620.251描 校2镗62的孔镗刀285.255.60.130.2513镗90的孔镗刀285.280.60.130.251底图号4镗100的孔镗刀249.778.40.150.2515镗110的孔镗刀249.786.30.150.251装订号会签(日期)标记处数更改文件号签字日期标记处数更改文件号签字日期机械加工工艺过程卡片产品型号零件图号产品名称变速箱体零件名称变速箱体共1 页第1 页材料牌号毛坯种类锻件毛坯外形尺寸380x310x320每毛坯可制作数1每台件数 1备注工序号工序名称工序内容车间工段设备工艺装备工时/min0下料铸造铸准终单件05热处理人工时效处理热10涂漆非加工面涂漆处理15铣粗精铣上盖结合面金转盘铣床铣刀20钻在上结合面钻孔、铰孔、攻丝金钻、攻丝组合机床钻头25铣粗铣前后端面金龙门铣床铣刀30铣粗铣两侧窗口面金龙门铣床铣刀35钻前后端面钻孔金卧式双面钻孔组合机床钻头40钻两侧窗口面钻金卧式双面钻孔组合机床钻头45铣粗铣倒档轴孔内端面金双面钻铣组合机床铣刀50铰铰窗口面上定位孔金卧式单面铰孔机床铰刀55镗粗镗前后端面轴承孔,扩倒档孔金卧式双面多轴组合镗床镗刀60镗精镗前后端面轴承孔,铰倒档轴孔金卧式双面多轴组合镗床镗刀65铣精铣两侧窗口面金卧式双面多轴组合铣床铣刀描图70攻前后端面螺孔攻丝金卧式双面多轴攻丝机床钻头75铣精铣倒档轴孔内端面金卧式铣攻组合机床铣刀描校80攻两侧窗口面螺孔攻丝金卧式双面多轴攻丝机床钻头85铣精铣前后端面金龙门铣床铣刀底图号90清洗95检验装订号100入库设计 (日期)审核 (日期)标准化 (日期)会签 (日期)标记处数更改文件号签字日期编号无锡太湖学院毕业设计(论文)相关资料题目: 卧式双面组合镗床及工装设计 信机 系 机械工程及自动化专业学 号: 0923213学生姓名: 陈 超 指导教师: 许 文(职称:副教授) (职称: )2013年5月25日目 录一、毕业设计(论文)开题报告二、毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文(论文)计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表无锡太湖学院毕业设计(论文)开题报告题目: 卧式双面组合镗床及工装设计 专题: 卧式双面组合镗床设计 信机 系 机械工程及自动化 专业学 号: 0923213 学生姓名: 陈 超 指导教师: 许文 (职称:副教授) (职称: )2012年11月14日 课题来源本课题来源于生产实践,设计的对象是加工变速箱壳体的孔的组合机床用镗床。科学依据(包括课题的科学意义;国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势;应用前景等) 组合机床是用按系列化设计的通用部件和按被加工零件的形状及加工艺要求设计的专用部件组成的专用机床,它有精度高,效率高,结构简单,占地小,便于维护和修理等优点。随着生产的不断发展,组合机床极其自动线被广泛的推广和使用,它对于机械制造工业,特别是汽车,拖拉机,电动机,柴油机,仪器仪表及军工部门等生产发展有着十分重要的意义。 最早的组合机床是1911年在美国制成的,用于加工汽车零件。初期,各机床制造厂都有各自的通用部件标准。为了提高不同制造厂的通用部件的互换性,便于用户使用和维修,1953年美国福特汽车公司和通用汽车公司与美国机床制造厂协商,确定了组合机床通用部件标准化的原则,即严格规定各部件间的联系尺寸,但对部件结构未作规定。 在我国,组合机床发展已有28年的历史,其科研和生产都具有相当的基础,应用也已深入到很多行业。是当前机械制造业实现产品更新,进行技术改造,提高生产效率和高速发展必不可少的设备之一。 从2002年年底第21届日本国际机床博览会上获悉,在来自世界10多个国家和地区的500多家机床制造商和团体展示的最先进机床设备中,超高速和超高精度加工技术装备与复合、多功能、多轴化控制设备等深受欢迎。 组合机床未来的发展将更多的采用调速电动机和滚珠丝杠等传动,以简化结构、缩短生产节拍;采用数字控制系统和主轴箱、夹具自动更换系统,以提高工艺可调性;以及纳入柔性制造系统等。研究内容 在规定时间内完成下列任务要求: 1.设计技术要求:分析被加工零件的形状和主要轮廓尺寸以及本工序机床设计有关部位结构形状和尺寸;本工序所选的定位基准、压紧部位及加紧方向;本工序加工表面的尺寸、精度、表面粗糙度、形位公差等技术要求以及对上道工序的技术要求并拟定机械加工工艺路线、进行工艺规程设计、设计一套适用该变速箱加工的卧式双面组合镗床。 2设计工作量要求:1)抄画零件图;2)编制机加工工艺文件;3)绘制卧式双面组合镗床装配图及全套非标准零件图;4)编写设计说明书(30页);5)翻译8000以上外文印刷字符或译出4000汉字以上的有关技术资料或专业文献。拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析 研究方法:在导师的指导下进行,并实地考察,观察工厂组合机床的工作流程以及结构,回头进行分析总结。 技术路线:询问导师以及工厂车间等地的操作师傅,观察组合机床的操作流程,并逐渐了解组合机床的总体结构。实验方案:就地考察,搜寻资料,导师提供,整理资料,完成实验。可行性分析:按照此流程分析,此次实验可以逐步完成。研究计划及预期成果研究计划:2012年10月12日-2012年12月31日:按照任务书要求查阅论文相关参考资料,完成毕业设计开题报告书。2013年1月1日-2013年1月27日:学习并翻译一篇与毕业设计相关的英文材料。2013年1月28日-2013年3月3日:毕业实习。2013年3月4日-2013年3月17日:多轴箱的主要参数计算与确定。2013年3月18日-2013年4月14日:组合镗床总体结构设计。2013年4月15日-2013年4月28日:总装图和零件图设计。2013年4月29日-2013年5月21日:毕业论文撰写和修改工作。 预计成果: 对专业知识的训练情况: 1.对国内组合机床有更深刻的了解; 2.对组合机床操作过程有所掌握; 3.广泛了解组合机床的研发、制造和使用过程; 4.能根据市场需求,参与开发相应产品; 5.能够掌握典型零件的加工工艺; 6.能够熟练使用各种工具书。最后在老师的指导下独立完成毕业设计特色或创新之处 机器操作噪音小。故障率低,使用寿命长,机构简洁。已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题1、设计方案思路已经明确,已经具备使用CAD制图的能力和了解组合机床结构等知识。2、使用CAD制图能力尚需加强,结构设计能力尚需加强。指导教师意见 指导教师签名:年 月 日教研室(学科组、研究所)意见 教研室主任签名: 年 月 日系意见 主管领导签名: 年 月 日英文原文 Multi-purpose aggregate machine-tool time Timothy and Jacobs, Denis A receives then then, outstanding Philip U.S.A. Michigan university Summary:The aggregate machine-tool machining center may cause the demand which the processing manufacturing industry adapts changes unceasingly, uses the pool of labor power effectively, and has the competitive power in global scales market.Key word: Make the lathe upRegarding the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools, in the industrial field has many names to describe it, like “the multitasking installment”, “the multi-purpose engine beds”, “the multi-procedure production system” and so on, it may be called the processing domain truly the nova, may reduce the cost, the simplified disposition, and has maintained in the US territory produces. In the past only then used the duty which many machine operations could complete, now may concentrate to an engine bed on processes completes. As a result of market demands unceasing change, the product life cycle is reducing unceasingly, todays market more intense demand multitasking installment concept. Carries out the fine profit management when the entire production environment, compared to having not concentrated the components processing to a machine on completes a finer profit. Some traditions manufacturing industry manufacturer thought that the multipurpose aggregate machine-tools are too complex, very difficult to find the appropriate operators also the difficult problem innovates on the spot on the insufficiency for the metal working basic principle and in the Production workshop related new engine bed use solution aspect training. Intuition type technical controlThe equipment use “carries off the quantity of heat” the type design, has different material which the lathe bed, the steeliness straight line rolling guide, on the steeliness revolving tool box saddle, the equipment uses, all these combine make an engine bed together. These with the thermal conductivity, the volume expansion are related. All different sizes thing can by the different speed growth. As a result of this reason, needs to make the hot friendly engine bed, with the aim of knowing gives off heat the weak point in where, can compensate through the reasonable engine bed design. The part is the entire journey movement. The engine bed glide produces rubs and transform hotly. The machining produces the hot filings fall to the different place, the refrigerant can mix in the entire process in which. Will present the different temperature province continually on the cutting tool, will therefore also have many things to have the influence to the thermostability. The cutting tool technology turned the multipurpose aggregate machine-tools has had the milling and cutting power “the versatile machine”. According to the material introduced that the most remarkable characteristic is in these engine bed whole has the intuition. The anti-collision preservation technology was already mature, in certain circumstances, even if uses the manual operation pattern, can also avoid the occurrence which collides. Because the control software has the very good intuition, the user operation friendly degree unceasingly is also enhancing. Believe the multipurpose aggregate machine-tools by its survivability world-wide in the more different processing scenes. The off-line programming optimization and the NC automatic control systems formation already made this technology to be easier to accept, when therefore uses the procedure when the engine bed, does not need to spend many time tune-up procedure and confirmed that some part does not have the question. If components need to provide the high and low two revolving tool box saddle simultaneously to carry on the rough machining, in this kind of situation the programming is quite difficult, because it needs two revolving tool box saddles also to feed. The Ad-Mac system may realize tool rests automatic programming which simultaneously feeds to these, and can cause the correct main axle speed, the correct feed rate and so on all parameters to realize the synchronization. Okuma Corporations collision avoidance system design based on actual processing operating mode anti-collision simulation, therefore, if the operator has installed the wrong cutting tool or has established the wrong parameter, the control system will examine and prevents the engine bed to enter the processing condition. Through cooperates with the Siemens, INDEX Corporation may provide the 3D pattern now “the hypothesized engine bed”, has custom-made according to some specific models engine bed. The result indicated that the simulation processes not only the fabricated parts and the actual end product is similar, is the one-to-one copy simply. The intuition type control interface, the simulation as well as other software technique are progressive, the more Production workshops have opened wide the front door to the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools, but if does not have the corresponding knowledge to train and to solve the question creativity, the manufacturer is also very difficult to realize and the full use advanced engine bed flexibility aspect superiority. The work which does to the machine are more, the machine will be more complex, also needs to have the stronger skill person correspondingly to be able to operate it. If machinist past one day operated 3 engine beds, then he has this kind of multipurpose engine bed now, might produce more components. More importantly, he may draw support from softwares help to cause the production efficiency to be higher, regarding transformation processing components preparation, may also establish the processing craft plan. Because the replacement components need to lower 3 main axles, therefore before replacing the components, the workshop should process as far as possible many components. Regarding the multi-purpose engine beds, the transformation components speed is quick, the production batch of time interval is shorter, the stock is lower, the production efficiency is higher. Can use multi-purpose engine beds some workshops fully, very quick will discover the post function the unification. Now, a workshop may only use an operator, an adjuster and a programming teacher, in the future these 3 work definitely may do by a person. In the traditional post description the machinist will transit becomes one to adjust engineer, if this engineer the familiar components processing programming, that were also more ideal. Regarding such transformation, training has been simple, so long as trains 1 individual line, but is not 3 individuals. Looking from the long views, this will provide to the people the higher post degree of satisfaction. When adjusts engineer to be responsible to process the programming, and pays attention to the components processing personally time the entire process, he completely has become this components control. In addition, but should also makes more effort in the cutting tool choice and the programming aspect, must make any model the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tool to succeed, the workshop needs to provide the skilled machinist, has ability and completes many kinds of operations nimbly. Therefore, crosswise training was at any time in the past more important. Regarded as the milling and the lathe work the different discipline the viewpoint never to return. Regarding the programmers, this belongs to their time. Regarding personnel who will program, will understand the engine bed and controls it, this will be their ability manifestation. The cutting tool will choose Most people not to install the passenger vehicle tire to the race car on, but processed the cutting tool to have such situation. The cutting tool should match with the new engine bed, is conceivably redundant on the new engine bed uses the old cutting tool to the production efficiency influence. In order to match the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools, the new cutting tool and the cutting tool adapter technology was already developed. At present the industrial field is developing the development the processing cutting tool, may complete the turning on the identical tool rest, boring and drills truncates the processing, is only processes the phase to differ from regarding the work piece angle. The processing operates the difference even confuses is unclear. The new processing cutting tool may complete the milling and the turning. Since has moved the technology (engine bed) is this century develops is extremely rapid and one of influence enormous science and technology. The modern automation technology is one kind of completely new productive forces, is one of direct creation public wealth principal means that is playing the enormous promotion effect to humanitys production activity and the material civilization. Therefore, the automated technology receives various countries widely to take seriously with more and more applications. The machinery automation (engine bed), mainly refers to the machine-building industry applies the automated technology, realizes the processing object continuously the automatic production, realizes the optimized effective automatic production process, the increase production investment processing transformation and the flow rate. The machinery automation technologys application and the development, are the machine-building industry technological transformations, the technology advancement principal means and the technological development main direction. Machinery automation technical standards, not only affects the entire machine-building industry the development, and has the very tremendous immediate influence to the national economy various departments technology advancement. Therefore, develops our countrys machine-building industry automation technology, conforms to our country socialism basic principle, conforms to our country modern production law of development. How to develop our countrys machinery automation technology (engine bed), here has the technical policy question, should be realistic, all embark from our countrys concrete national condition, do each foundation work, takes the Chinas road of machinery automation technological development. The domestic and foreign industry history tells us, realizes the machinery automation is from to high-level, from simply to complex, from is preliminarily imperfect the consummation the developing process. After machines operation uses the automatic regulator, the production method only then gradually transits from the mechanization to the mechanism control (tradition) automated, the numerical control automation, the computer control automation. Only then after having established the Automated factory, the production process can overall automate, can make the productivity to enhance comprehensively, achieves automated the high-level ideal stage. The machinery automation technology first starts from the 1920s in the machine manufacture cold finishing production in enormous quantities process to develop the application, after in the 60s, to adapt the market demand and the change, for the enhancement machine-building industry to the market nimble rapid reactions ability, starts to establish the variable automation production system, namely revolves the computer technology the flexible automation. It is in the manufacture system invariable or in the change small situation, the machinery equipment either production management process through the automatic detection, the information processing, the analysis judgment realizes the anticipated operation or some kind of process automatically, and can from make one kind of components to transform automatically to makes another kind of different components. The social practice proved that under this kind of definitions manufacture system automation and the contemporary majority enterprises are not actually accommodating. The contemporary society also not in the science and technology, the material and the personnel aspect prepares to realize this automated condition, insists such to do only meets the wasted effort. This kind of situation is not exceptional regarding the separate production methods machine-building industry, the difficulty can bigger. In the 80s internationally appeared started to use computer integration manufacture system CIMS (Computer Integrated Manufacturing), the flexible automation production pattern also had this kind of situation. The initial period take the information integration as a key point, take the high automaticity as the characteristic, but in realized in the process to encounter the difficulty. In view of the fact that realizes the large amount investment which the computer integration manufacture systems automation overall needs (an overall Automated factory to spend several hundred hundred million US dollars, flexible manufacture system regular price is 600 25,000,000 US dollars), undertakes the huge risk, in addition questions and so on technical difficulty and reliability, the world industrially advanced country started “to run into a wall produces a different product”, transfers pays great attention the information integration the effect, pursues low cost automation LCA (Low Cost Automation) enterprise organizational structure and movement way. The aggregate machine-tool future development more use transmissions and so on variable speed motor and ball bearing guide screw, will simplify structure, the reduction production meter; Uses the numerical control system and the headstock, the jig automatic replacement system, enhances the craft controllability; As well as integrates the flexible manufacture system and so on.中文译文 多功能组合机床时代 蒂莫西雅各布斯,丹尼斯阿斯纳斯, 卓然飞利浦 美国密西根大学 陈超译摘要:组合机床加工中心可使加工制造业适应不断变化的需求,有效利用劳动力资源,并在全球范围的市场上更具竞争力。关键字:组合机床 对于多功能组合机床,工业领域内有很多称呼来形容它,如 “多任务处理装置”、“多功能机床”、“多程序生产系统”等,它确实可称为加工领域的新星,可降低成本,简化配置,并一直保持在美国本土生产。过去只有使用多机操作才能完成的任务,现在可以集中到一台机床上加工完成。由于市场需求的不断变化,产品的生命周期在不断缩短,今天的市场更加强烈需求多任务处理装置概念。在整个生产环境中推行精益管理时,没有比把零件加工集中到一台机器上完成更精一些传统的制造业厂商认为多功能组合机床过于复杂,很难找到合适的操作人员也就不足为奇了。在一些劳动力市场,要找到能够对多轴组合机床加工中心进行手工编程的人是不太可能的事。但资料显示,解决方案可有两个,一个是现代多功能组合机床的直觉式技术,另一个是针对金属加工基本原理及在生产车间现场有关新机床使用中难题创新解决方面的培训。直觉式技术控制设备采用“带走热量”式设计,有床身、钢制直线滚动导轨、钢制转塔刀架、设备上使用的不同材料,所有这些组合到一起建造成一台机床。这些都与导热系数、体积膨胀相关。所有不同尺寸的东西都会以不同的速度生长。由于这个原因,需要制造热友好机床,以便知道发热的薄弱点在哪里,可以通过合理的机床设计来补偿。元件是全程运动。机床滑动产生摩擦并转化为热。切削加工产生的热屑掉到不同地方,在整个过程中冷却液会混合在其中。在切削刀具上会持续出现很多不同的温度区域,所以也会有很多东西对热稳定性产生影响。切削刀具技术把多功能组合机床变成了具备铣削和切削能力的“全能机器”。据资料介绍,最显著的特点是这些机床整体上更具直觉性。防撞保护技术已经非常成熟,在某些情况下,即使采用手动操作模式,也能避免碰撞的发生。由于控制软件有很好的直觉性,用户操作友好程度也在不断提高。相信多功能组合机床会以其生存能力遍布于更多不同的加工现场。离线编程优化和NC自动控制系统的形成已经使这一技术更容易接受,因此当将程序用在机床上时,不必花很多时间去调整程序和确认某一元件没有问题。如果一个零件需要配备上下两个转塔刀架同时进行粗加工,这种情况下编程是比较困难的,因为它需要两个转塔刀架同时进刀。Ad-Mac系统可以实现对这些同时进刀的刀架的自动编程,并能使正确的主轴速度、
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