第三讲_主题_述题

.,1,Comparativestudies,ofEnglishandChinese,.,2,ComparativestudiesofEnglishandChinese,DrSmithoperatedonJohn.JohnwasoperatedonbyDrSmith.Johnunderwentanoperation.,.,3,Thisroomhaswitnessedthesigningofmanytreaties.Theeightyearsfrom1963through1970sawthepublicationofeightrelativelyfulltreatmentsofthesubject.,.,4,MattersofDispute,Howmanyrolesandlevelsofconstituentsinsentences,.,5,Everysentencehasthreestructures,agrammaticalstructure,asemanticstructure,astructureofutteranceorganization.,.,6,Asemanticstructure,cases:agent,patient,benefactor,locative,andsoforth.,.,7,Astructureofutteranceorganization,theme(topic)andrheme(comment)focus,andpresupposition,.,8,Greatdisagreementamonglinguists,underlyingnetworksofsemanticelements;theunderlyingsemanticrepresentation;theme:whatoneistalkingorwritingabout:whatonesaysorwritesaboutthetheme;oldandfamiliarinformation,rhemeswitholdinformation;themescomefirstinthesentence,rhemeslater.,.,9,Subjectprominentvstopicprominent,AsubjectwillgovernasentenceinEnglishinprinciple.Atopicwillbethefocuswhileasubjectwillchangetomeettherequirementsoftheelucidationofatopic.,.,10,Subjectprominentvstopicprominent,人们已研制出一个微机测量系统，这个测量系统可在5秒钟内自动获得L-V特性曲线，精度为0.05%。,.,11,Subjectprominentvstopicprominent,1.Microcomputerizedmeasuringsystemisdeveloped.AnI-Vcharacteristiccurvecanbeautomaticallyacquiredin5secondswithaaccuracyof0.05%.,.,12,Subjectprominentvstopicprominent,2.MicrocomputerizedmeasuringsystemisdevelopedwhichcanbeautomaticallyproduceanI-Vcharacteristiccurvewithanaccuracyof0.05%in5seconds.,.,13,Subjectprominentvstopicprominent,3.Microcomputerizedmeasuringsystem,fromwhichanI-Vcharacteristiccurvewithanaccuracyof0.05%in5secondsisacquired,isdeveloped.,.,14,1.Microcomputerizedmeasuringsystemisdeveloped.AnI-Vcharacteristiccurvecanbeautomaticallyacquiredin5secondswithanaccuracyof0.05%.,2.MicrocomputerizedmeasuringsystemisdevelopedwhichcanbeautomaticallyproduceanI-Vcharacteristiccurvewithanaccuracyof0.05%in5seconds.,3.Microcomputerizedmeasuringsystem,fromwhichanI-Vcharacteristiccurvewithaaccuracyof0.05%in5secondsisacquired,isdeveloped.,.,15,在6000平米展厅内，陈列的地毯品种多、规格全、选择余地大，将给中外客商耳目一新的感觉。,.,16,1.Intheexhibitionhallwithafloorspaceof6000squaremeterscarpetsofvariousstyleandsizeswillbeondisplay,andthereisawiderangeforcustomerstochoosefrom.Domesticandoverseasbusinesspeoplewillsurelybeimpressedbythenumerousnewproducts.,.,17,2.Inthe6000squaremetersexhibitionhallcarpetsofvariousstyleandsizeswillbeondisplay,withawiderangeforcustomerstochoosefrom,thusimpressingChineseandforeignbusinesspeople.,.,18,3.Inthe6000squaremetersexhibitionhallcarpetsofvariousstyleandsizeswillbeondisplay,withawiderangetofacilitatecustomersselection.TheseproductswillsurelyimpressChineseandforeignbusinesspeople.,.,19,1.Intheexhibitionhallwithafloorspaceof6000squaremeterscarpetsofvariousstyleandsizeswillbeondisplay,andthereisawiderangeforcustomerstochoosefrom.Domesticandoverseasbusinesspeoplewillsurelybeimpressedbythenumerousnewproducts.,2.Inthe6000squaremetersexhibitionhallcarpetsofvariousstyleandsizeswillbeondisplay,withawiderangeforcustomerstochoosefrom,thusimpressingChineseandforeignbusinesspeople.,3.Inthe6000squaremetersexhibitionhallcarpetsofvariousstyleandsizeswillbeondisplay,withawiderangetofacilitatecustomersselection.TheseproductswillsurelyimpressChineseandforeignbusinesspeople.,.,20,themeandrheme(1),Inrecentlinguistics,theroleofaconstituentasforinstance,asubject,object,complement,oradverbialhasbeenunderstoodtooneoftherolesthatthatconstituentmayplayinthesentence.Howmanysuchrolesandlevelswewishtodistinguishisamatterofdispute.Inaprogrammaticpaperonathirdlevelsapproachtosyntaxfirstpublishedin1966,FrantisekDanesexpressedaviewwhichhasoftenbeenreadasacodificationofthePrague-schoolposition:everysentencehasasemanticstructure,agrammaticalstructure,andastructureofutteranceorganization.Thesemanticstructurehassubsequentlybeenexplicatedwiththeaidofdifferenttheories,forinstancebyChrlesFilloreintermsofsemanticroleslabeledascases;agent,patient,benefactor,locative,andsoforth.Intheseterms,thesyntacticroleofsubjectdoesnotnecessarilycoincidewiththesemanticroleofagent.Thethirdlevelofstructurethatofutteranceorganization-isbestapproachedwiththeaidofconceptssuchasthemeandrheme(ortopicandcomment,asmanylinguistsprefertocallthem),focus,andpresupposition.Thereisgreatdealofdisagreementamonglinguistsastohowconceptssuchasthemeandrheme,focus,andpresuppositionoughttobeapproachedanddefined.Tosomelinguists,themeandrhemearemattersofthedeepestsemanticlevelofstructure.ThustheSovietlinguistMelkukhasdistinguishedthematicandrhematicregionsofunderlyingnetworksofsemanticelements.AndPeterSgallofalsoreckonswiththemeandrhemeaspartoftheunderlyingsemanticrepresentation.Somescholarsrelyonpsychologicalintuitionsindefiningthemeaswhatoneistalkingorw