美国1960年青年反战运动ppt课件

Thesocialmovementsin1960s,ThecivilrightsmovementTheyouthmovement/anti-warmovementThewomensliberationmovements,1,2,Whydidthesocialmovementbegin?,In1960s,manyAmericanmenworkedhardtoachievetheirdream.TheybelievedtheywerelivingtheAmericanDream.Howeverthreegroups-Afo-American,youngpeopleandwomen-weredissatisfiedwiththeirlives.TheyhadadifferentideaofwhattheAmericansDreamis.,3,4,Backgrounds,Asthe1960sprogressed,widespreadtensionsdevelopedinAmericansocietythattendedtoflowalonggenerationallinesregardingthewarinVietnam,racerelations,sexualmores,womensrights,traditionalmodesofauthority,andamaterialistinterpretationoftheAmericanDream.White,middle-classyouthwhomadeupthebulkofthecounterculturehadsufficientleisuretimetoturntheirattentiontosocialissues.,5,Thesesocialissuesincludedsupportforcivilrights,womensrights,andgayrightsmovements,andarejectionoftheVietnamWar.HippiesbecamethelargestcounterculturalgroupintheUnitedStates.Thecounterculturealsohadaccesstoamediaeagertopresenttheirconcernstoawiderpublic.,6,Anti-warmovement,7,Anti-warmovement,TheconflictinVietnamresultedinover55,000Americandeathsandproducdalarge-scaleantiwarmovementintheUnitedStates.Studentsbecameapowerfulanddisruptiveforceanduniversitycampusessparkedanationaldebateoverthewar.Asthemovementsidealsspreadbeyondcollegecampuses,doubtsaboutthewaralsobegantoappearwithintheadministrationitself.AmassmovementbeganrisinginoppositiontotheVietnamWar,endinginthemassiveMoratoriumprotestsin1969,aswellasthemovementofresistancetoconscription(theDraft)forthewar.,8,9,Details,Theantiwarmovementwasinitiallybasedontheolder1950sPeacemovement,heavilyinfluencedbytheAmericanCommunistParty.Butbythemid-1960sitoutgrewthisandbecameabroad-basedmassmovementcenteredinuniversitiesandchurches.Ifyoureoldenoughtodieforyourcountry,youreoldenoughtovote.Manyoftheyouthinvolvedinthepoliticsofthemovementsdistancedthemselvesfromthehippies.,10,Theyouthanti-war,“Hell,no,wewontgo,”antiwardemonstratorschanted,refusinggovernmentorderstobedraftedintothearmyandfightinVietnam.“letitallhangout!”youngpeopleadvisedeachother,defyingtheirparents,whocontrolledtheiremotionsandtriedtokeeppersonalmattersfrombecomingpublic.,11,12,Introduction,Inoctober1964,aCORE(theCongressofRacialEquallity)organizersatatasmalltableonasidewalkatthecampusoftheUniversityofCalifornia,distributinginformationandcollectingmoney.Thecampuspoliceanduniversitydeancametohistableinforminghimthatwhathewasdoingwasagainstuniversitypolice.Thenhewasarrested.“Arrestallofus!”thestudentsspontaneouslysurroundedagainstthepolice.Later,”FreeSpeechMovement”beganwithsuccess.,13,14,course,Theanti-warmovementbecamemoreorganizedasaloosecoalitionofmanyorganizationsandleaderswasformedunderaseriesof“MobilizationCommitteestoEndtheWarinVietnam.”Theorganizationsincludedchurchgroups,SNCC(thestudentnonviolentCoordinating),SDS(StudentsforaDemocraticSociety).Theirdirectactionstrategiesincludedteach-insoncampuses,protestmarchesandrallies,andattacksonfederalofficestodestroydraftrecords.,15,16,Changes,TheHippiescalledthemselvesthe“lovegeneration”.Happinessbecametheironlygoalintheirlife.Theirmusicwasdifferentfromanyothermusic,andthewordstheysangsoundedrebeilioustoolderpeople.Theyworelonghair,strangeandcolorfulclothesandmanyoftheyuseddrugs.Theywentinhugenumberstorockmusicconcerts.Manystudentswere“droppingout”ofschool.Othersleftthecountrytoavoidthearmy.,17,Moveon,Onekindofprotestwascalledasit-in.OthertermsheardintheUnitedStatesincludedtheDraft,draftdodger,conscientiousobjector,andVietnamvet.AstheUSgovernmentsentmoretroopstoVietnamandthenumberofwardeathgrew,publicfeelingagainstgovernmentpolicygrewsostrongthatPresidentJohnsondecidednottorunforre-electionin1968.,18,Stopnow!,19,infuence,By1991,morethan60%ofpeopleintheUSthoughtthewarinVietnamwaswrongandwantedthewartoend.in1973,theUSsignedapeacetreaty.Thesocialmovementofthe1960shadastrongeffectonthewaypeoplethinkandact,andcausedchangesinmanylaws.howevermanyofthesameproblemstheyhopedtosolvearestillmajorproblemsinUSsociety.,20,MUSIC,21,WoodstockRockFestival,Peace,equality,anti-war,22,BlowinginTheWind-BobDylan,23,lyrics,HowmanyroadsmustamanwalkdownBeforeyoucallhimamanHowmanyseasmustawhitedovesailBeforeshesleepsinthesandHowmanytimesmustthecannonballsflyBeforetheyreforeverbannedTheanswer,myfriend,isblowinginthewind,24,GivePeaceAChanceIdottwannabeasoldierJohnLennon,25,Movies,26,Countercultureofthe1960s,InUS,thecountercultureofthe1960sbecameidentifiedwiththerejectionofconventionalsocialnormsofthe1950s.Countercultureyouthrejectedtheculturalstandardsoftheirparents,especiallywithrespecttoracialsegregationandinitialwidespreadsupportfortheVietnamWar.,27,Countercultureofthe1960sFlowerPowerBus,28,ItbeganintheUnitedStatesasareactionagainsttheconservatismandsocialconformityofthe1950s,andtheUSgovernmentsextensivemilitaryinterventioninVietnam.Thesegroupscreatedamovementtowardliberationinsociety,includingthesexualrevolution,questioningauthorityandgovernment,anddemandingmorefreedomsandrightsforwomenandminorities.TheUndergroundPress,awidespread,eclecticcollectionofnewspapersservedasaunifyingmediumforthecounterculture.Themovementwasalsomarkedbythefirstwidespread,sociallyaccepteddruguse(includingLSDandmarijuana)andpsychedelicmusic.,29,Iteventuallywanedforseveralreasons:,mainstreamAmericasdisdainforunrepentanthedonismandconspicuousdruguse.thetroublescausedbytheseexcesses;thedeathofmanynotablecounterculturalfigures;theendoftheVietnamWar;andtheendofCivilRightsprotestsfollowingpassageofremediallegislation.Thecounterculturecontinuestoinfluencesocialmovements,artandsocietyingeneral.,30,Lesbian,gay,bisexual&transgendercounterculture,TheLesbian,Gay,Bisexual&Transgendercommunity(commonlyabbreviatedastheLGBTcommunity)appeared.fitsthedefinitionofacounterculturalmovementasaculturalgroupwhosevaluesandnormsofbehaviorruncountertothoseofthesocialmainstreamoftheday.,31,MattachineSociety,32,Bytheearly1960s,openlygaypoliticalorganizationssuchastheMattachineSocietywereformallyprotestingabusivetreatmenttowardgaype