Reference for Reading, Writing, and Translation in Unit 4 Career Planning.doc

Unit 4 Career PlanningRequirement for Reading, Writing and TranslationLead-in ActivityInterpreting Practice Directions: Interpret the following seven amusing job interviews into English.Text Structure1. Introduction (Para. 1)Career planning does not necessarily follow routine or logical steps.2. Students weaknesses in career planning (Para. 2)3. Serious flaws in the ways of decision making (Para. 3-5)A. Complacency ignoring challenging information.B. Defensive avoidance resorting to wishful thinking or daydreaming.C. Hypervigilance searching frantically for career possibilities and seizing on hastily invented solutions.4. Keys to career planning (Para. 6-11)A. Study oneself.B. Write ones career goals down.C. Review ones plans and progress periodically with another person.D. If one person chooses a career that does not fit him, he can start over.5. Changes in careers (Para. 12-13)A. Few changes involve downward movement; most involve getting ahead.B. Job changes and career shifts occur at all ages.6. Conclusion (Para. 14-15)Although there is no sure way to make career plans work out, there are things that anyone can do now to shape ones career possibilities.Sentence Study1. They cite evidence that (1) most students choose from among a very narrow group of occupations; (2) as many as 40 to 60 percent choose professional occupations, to express any choice of occupation. (Line 8)2. When confronted with a decision and unable to believe they can find an acceptable solution, some people remain calm by resorting to wishful thinking or daydreaming. (Line 23)3. But career planning should help you to approach and cope better with new problems, such as deciding whether or not to enter educational or training programs, deciding whether or not to change jobs, a person. (Line 80)Word StudyPreparation (Ask students to preview the following words and phrases as well as the words and phrases in the textbook first before coming to the class)In the class: Just check the answers to the following exercises.1. place weight on (Line 2, Para. 1): attach importance to 重视 _. 别把这些谣言当回事。他并没太重视朋友的建议。_2. feasible (adj.) (Line 6, Para. 1): able to be done; possible 可行的，可能的你的计划听起来颇为行得通。 _仅靠一份地图就能骑自行车游遍这个城市吗？_词汇扩充：近义词： achievablepossible practicalreasonable workable反义词： impossibleimpractical 3. efficient (adj.) (Line 7, Para. 2)：working well, quickly, and without waste效率高的；有能力的，能胜任的 她在减少浪费方面很有办法。_在职业培训后不久他就成长为一名高效的股票经纪人(stockbroker)。_近义词： capable （能干的）competent （有竞争力的） effective （有效的） proficient （熟练的，精通的） skillful （灵巧的）反义词： incompetent（无竞争力的） inefficient （低效的） 词汇比较：efficient 用于指人或工具、机器工作时效率高effective 用于指措施、方法等高效请选择 efficient 或 effective 的适当形式填空。 能干的秘书an _ secretary有效措施 an _ measure疗效很好的药 an _ medicine称职的经理 an _ manager4. flaw (n.) (Line 15, Para. 3)： mistake, mark, or weakness that makes something imperfect 缺点，瑕疵，缺陷除了不够幽默之外，他简直是完美的。 He is almost perfect except for _.你没有看出他论点中的谬误吗？ Didnt you _?词汇比较：fault （人的）过错；（物的）毛病 imperfection 不完整性, 不足; 缺点, 缺陷 mistake 错误shortcoming 缺点 weakness 弱点 请选择 fault, imperfection, mistake, shortcoming 或 weakness 的适当形式填空。 不守时间是他最大的短处。Not being punctual is his greatest _.因为对英语懂得不完全，他失去了这份工作。He lost the job because of the _ of English.“这是我的责任，不是你的责任。” “The _ lies with me, not with you.”我们大家都有些小短处。We all have our little _.侍者把帐单弄错了。The waiter made a _ over the bill. 5. at stake (Line 20, Para. 3): in a situation where something valuable might be lost if a plan or action is not successful 濒于险境，处于成败关头 stake: 柱，火刑柱这家公司濒临破产，数百名职员的工作危在旦夕。The company is _ bankruptcy, and _.他承认他的政治生涯正遭到威胁。He admitted that _. 6. implication (n.) (Line 28, Para. 4): 1) a possible future effect or result 可能的影响、后果2) something you do not say directly but you seem to want people to believe 暗示；含义You cannot imagine the _of this educational reform. 你无法想象这场教育改革的经济影响。词汇扩充： 动词：imply: express indirectly; suggest 暗指; 暗示 拒绝回答意味着犯有错误。 _沉默有时暗示着同意。 _7. panic (Line 35, Para. 5): n. C; U (a state of) sudden uncontrollable fear or terror 惊慌；恐慌 v. cause to feel fear or terror 害怕，惊恐不安 The children _. 雷电声使孩子们感到惊恐不安。剧院失火时，引起一阵恐慌。 When the theater caught fire, _.8. integrate (v.) (Line 51, Para. 8)： 1) ( + into / with) （使）结合；（使）成为一体 2) 成为社团的一部分他们在这个国家已经居住10年了，但从来没有真正与环境融合起来。Theyve lived in this country for 10 years but have never really _.教师们正设法使所有的孩子都与社会融为一体。The teachers are trying to _.9. undergo (v.) (Line 61, Para. 10): experience (esp. suffering or difficulty) 经历，遭受接受治疗 She is _ at the hospital.经历困苦 He who wants to succeed must_ first. 近义词辨析：bear 普通用语。泛指负担或忍受精神、肉体上的各种痛苦。多用于否定和疑问句，常与can, could 连用。endure 正式用语。多用于否定句，特指忍受较大、较长时间的磨难。stand 与bear 意同。口头用语。多用于否定句或疑问句。肯定句中其正面意义更强。suffer 正式用语。常指被迫承受某件令人痛苦或有害的事，多用于承受抽象事物。 请选择 bear, endure, stand 或 suffer 的适当形式填空。 She just could not _ with such insults. India is _ greatly from over-population.I cant _ her unreasonable action any longer.He successfully _ the severe test.10. pursue (v.) (Line 69, Para. 11): 1) 从事或忙于某事 2) 追捕，追击；紧随之后 3) 追求，寻求11. 请明确以下句子中 pursue 的具体含义。His greatest pleasure is to help others to pursue pleasure from life.He felt their eyes pursuing him. He pursued the river to its source.We have always pursued a friendly policy towards the people all over the world. 近义词辨析：chase 指对逃逸的人或动物加以追捕，也指以驱赶为目的而进行的追逐。常带有不友好的意味，但也可指出于嬉闹的追赶。follow 常用词，含义最广。不含褒贬的意味，也可表示时间、次序的顺接。pursue 表示紧追不舍直到成功。也可用于引申意义。请选择 chase, follow 或 pursue 的适当形式填空。 He _ her like a shadow.The police _ the escaping thief and caught him at last.He _ his studies with seriousness.In-class Activity Check the answers to the outside-class exercises. (If time is limited, this part can be omitted. The answers can be given to the students outside the class.) First Play Crossword Game, try to find all the 12 words; then put the 12 words into the following 12 sentences in appropriate forms. Lets see which group can finish all the exercises first.123456789101112Across:5. formal, to delay doing something that you ought to do, usually because you do not want to do it7. noun U lack of knowledge or facts about a situation or a particular subject:8. noun U a feeling that something is wrong or embarrassing in some way:9. noun U complete happiness:10. verb transitive to experience something, especially something that is unpleasant but necessary11. adjective, more important, powerful, or successful than the other people or things of the same type:12. verb transitive to see or know something that will happen in the future: PREDICTDown: 1. noun C a mistake or fault in something that makes it useless or less effective:2. n. C; U (a state of) sudden uncontrollable fear or terror3. n C an event or situation that might happen in the future, especially one that could cause problems4. n U careful attention that you give to what is happening, so that you will notice any danger or illegal activity6. n C; U a sudden clear understanding of something or part of something, especially a complicated situation or idea1. Peace was the _ theme of the conference. 2. On this question, _ or reluctance to introduce reforms is wrong, and so is rashness or any attempt to push them through arbitrarily.3. Constant _ is necessary in order to avoid accidents.4. Its impossible to legislate for every _.5. The absence of _ in beauty is itself a _ . (The two words are the same.)6. You may have to _ disappointment and failure before experiencing success.7. There should be no_ attached to being poor.8. The article gives us a real _ into the causes of the present economic crisis.9. They were in a state of _ during the honeymoon.10. Knowledge makes humble; _ makes proud. 11. The crowd _ at the sound of the explosion.12. Few analysts _ that oil prices would rise so steeply. Answers:fpcvlaprocrastinationingwignoranceticsstigmablissinaundergognhecdominantnforeseecyTranslation定语从句是在英语中广泛使用的语言现象。一般认为定语从句在性质上有限制性和非限制性定语从句之分。对定语从句翻译的变通处理，通常体现在对从句位置、类型和关系的调整上。因此，在翻译定语从句时，要根据句子承担的交际功能和上下文语境来灵活处理。这里先谈及限制性定语从句的处理方法。限制性定语从句对所修饰的先行词起限制作用，与先行词关系密切，不用逗号分开。译者在翻译时要根据相互关系和限制的紧密程度安排译文修饰部分的位置和逻辑关系。这类句子的翻译可以用以下方式处理：前置法后置法融合法转换法Writing1. How to write a cover letter （application letter）?2. Writing exerciseSample 1： Elicia Delombard286 North 75th St. Apt 5LNew York, NY 10021212-555-9988March 21, 1998Mr. Ralph CantorExecutive Vice PresidentRepublican Young, Inc.321 Marzio Rd.Mohaonk, NY 12561Dear Mr. Cantor:I would like to be considered for the Legal Assistant position offered at White, Case & Bothalemule. I learned of this opportunity through the New York Recruiting Consortium at Trinity College. My high level of concentration and excellent organizational skills have helped me achieve a strong academic record at Trinity College which reflects my diligence and commitment to success. Rigorous liberal arts courses and a concentration in psychology have provided me with a first rate writing ability as well as sharp analytical, problem-solving and research skills. In my International Politics and Clinical Psychology courses, I have written papers involving in-depth research and analysis in order to prove a specific thesis. I have also developed research skills in a different capacity by compiling and analyzing data in a Research Design and Analysis class. In addition, my studying in England and France as well as taking French and Spanish classes, has greatly expanded my knowledge of different cultures and languages. My language proficiency will be an asset to a law firm with global interests.Through challenging leadership positions, I have developed a strong sense of responsibility, effective interpersonal skills and the ability to contribute to teamwork, even in high-pressure environments. As a Resident Assistant, I successfully resolved conflicts among residents, planned social and educational programs while serving as a positive role model for my peers. With my background in liberal arts, business and leadership, I am confident that I can make a profound contribution to White, Case and Bothalemule. Enclosed is my resume for your review. I am enthusiastic about the position and look forward to meeting with you at the Consortium in January. Thank you for your time and consideration. Sincerely,Elicia DelombardElicia DelombardEnclosureExample 2 (From Crazy English)：Mr. Davis Davies22-109 Bourke StreetSan Francisco 94109Ph: (206) 308 1530April 4. 2010 The Heading (信头)， 包括申请人的姓名、地址、电话、电子信箱等，最后空行署上时间。Pacific Industries Ltd.415 Ocean AvenueSan Francisco 94108Ph: (206) 9053 The Inside Address (收件人地址)， 内容与信头相同。Dear Mrs. Hotham: The Greeting （也称为Salutation, 称呼语）。I am an enthusiastic 30-year-old British male who moved to the United States in December 2009 after completing a Masters of Business Management at Oxford University. I have recently arrived in San Francisco to further expand my career in the Business world.With close to three years experience in sales and marketing, as well as having previous employment in human resources and public relations, and holding a Bachelors degree in Economics, I am eager to contribute my skills to your exceptional organization and gain further experience in marketing field. Given my passion for helping people, ability to