新世纪大学英语1--Unit 7课文详解ppt课件

.,1,Wehavetwoearsandonemouthsothatwecanlistentwiceasmuchaswespeak.-EpictetusAGreekStoic（禁欲主义）philosopher,QuestionforU:DoyouagreewithEpictetus?Stateyourreasons.,.,2,Doyouthinkthatinterpersonalskillsareveryimportantatschoolandatwork?Pleaseshareusyouropinions.,Interpersonalskillsshouldbeconsideredveryimportantbothatschoolandatwork.Goodinterpersonalskillsenhancerelationshipswithfellowstudentsorcolleaguesandhelpbuildapleasantenvironmentforalltoworkin.Conversely,poorinterpersonalskillscanoftenleadtocoldnessandevenhostilitybetweenoneanotherandmayleadtoinefficiencyinstudyoratwork.,.,3,Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication,KangMin,TextAHowWellCanWeListen?TextBWhatWeCanDotoImproveHumanRelationships,.,4,Theriseoftheissue:peoplescomplaintsaboutothersnotlistening;thepossibleconsequencesoftheproblem.,Theanalysisofthereasonsforthefailureincommunication:misunderstandingresultingfrompoorlistening.,Howwecanbegoodlisteners.,Conclusion:restatementoftheimportanceoflistening.,.,5,HowWellCanWeListen?KathleenT.McWhorter,1.Itisnotuncommontohearpeoplecomplainingthatnoonelistenstothemandnooneunderstandsthem.Suchcomplaintscomenotonlyfromkidsbutalsofromadults.Howoftenisthisavitalcauseinthefailureofpersonalrelationships?Howoftendoesitcontributetobrokenhomes?Howoftendowehearofamarriedcouplewhofailtohavecommunication,orofchildrenwhofeeldeserted?Itseemssomethingmusthavegonewrong.我们时常听到人们抱怨说没有人聆听他们，没有人能理解他们。这样的抱怨不仅出自孩童之口，也出自成人之口。人际关系不和谐，这不往往是个重要原因吗？家庭破裂，不也往往拜其所赐吗？我们不也还常常听说夫妻之间无法交流，孩子感觉被遗弃吗？看来这其中一定出了什么问题。,.,6,2.Expertstendtoresorttotheterm“generationgap”toexplaintheconflictsbetweenparentsandchildren.Canthistermbeappliedtothecasesmentionedabove?Thoughtheremightberoomforhesitationintheadoptionofitwhen“generation”istakenintoaccount,itisfarfromwrongtoborrowtherestinmakingananalysis.Thereareboundtobedifferences,orgaps,intheopinionsoftwopeoplethatgiverisetoconflicts,andwaystoreducethemarebynomeanseasytobesought,butitisequallytruetosaythatthereisboundtobeasolutiontoeveryproblem.Partofthesolutiontohumanconflictsistoavoidmisunderstanding.每当父母和孩子之间发生冲突的时候，专家们往往会用“代沟”这一术语来解释。那么这个术语能否用于上面提到的情况呢？当然，如果细究“代”的本义，那么这算不上特别贴切，但是大可借用该术语的其他涵义来分析问题。两个人的观点之所以会引起纷争，肯定因为存在分歧，而要设法减少分歧又谈何容易！但是我们也同样可以说，每个问题肯定都会有办法解决。人际冲突的部分解决办法是避免误解。,.,7,3.Misunderstandingoftenarisesfromalackofcommunication.Curiouslyenough,inamodernsocietywherenotafewadvancedtechnologicalmeansofcommunicationsuchasthemobilephoneandpagerhavebeendeveloped,peoplearestillconfrontedwiththisproblem.Investigationsshowthattechnologicalinventionsdohelpfacilitatehumancommunication.Theyalsoshowthatwhiletherearemoreopportunitiesforpersonalcontact,especiallythroughverbalcommunication,manypeoplestillfindtheirlistenersdonotlistentothem.Clearly,somethingiswrongwiththeirlisteningability.误解常常源于缺乏交流。令人纳闷的是，在现代社会，虽然发明了不少先进的通讯工具，如移动电话和传呼机，但是人们仍然面临这样的问题。研究表明，科技发明确实有助于人与人之间的交流。研究也同样发现，虽然人与人之间接触的机会增加了，特别是言语交流的机会增加了，许多人仍然发现没有人真正聆听他们说话。很显然，人们的聆听能力出了问题。,.,8,4.Peoplemaywonderwhytheirlisteningabilityisundesirablewhentheirhearingabilityisphysicallysound.Thisisabasicmistakeweoftenmake.Veryoftenhearingisconfusedwithlistening,astheyaresocloselyrelated.Believingthathearingisaphysiologicalfunction,whichcomestousnaturally,wetakeitforgrantedthatlisteningdoesnotrequiremucheffort.Expertsinthefieldofcommunicationsarequicktoattackthisbelief.Intheirview,listeningrequireshardworkandenergy.Whenpeoplearelistening,theyhavequickerheartbeatsandfasterbloodcirculation.Goodlistening,theythink,isnotassimpleasitmightseem.,人们也许会问，为什么听觉没有问题而他们的聆听能力却不如人意呢？这就是我们常犯的错误：因为听觉能力和聆听能力的关系如此紧密，我们经常把两者混淆。我们会认为听觉能力是一种生理功能，是与生俱来的，所以我们想当然地以为聆听不需要付出特别的努力。对于这种观点，交流领域的专家会毫不犹豫地加于指正。在他们看来，聆听既费神又费力。人们聆听时心跳加速，血液循环也会加快。专家认为，认真的聆听并不是我们想象的那么简单。,.,9,5.Tobecomeagoodlistenerbeginswithconcentration.Thatlookseasyonthesurface.Intoomanycases,wehavetolistentootherpeoplewithphysicalandmentaldistractionsaroundus.Theringofthetelephone,theslamofadoororotherhumanvoicesaresomeofthecommonphysicaldistractions.Thementaldistractionsinonesownmind,ontheotherhand,aremuchmoredifficulttoovercome,formanyreasons.Aspeakermaynotbeabletokeeppacewiththeworkingofthelistenersmind.Theaveragepersonsrateofthinkingisfasterthantheaveragerateofspeech.Withmuchfreetimeleftattheirdisposal,thelistenersarelikelytobecarriedawaybytheirownthoughtsandtheysoonlosetheirway.Thatiswheretheproblemlies:listeningtooquickly.,.,10,5.要成为好的聆听者首先需要集中注意力。这表面上看起来很简单。在很多情况下，我们听别人说话时，周围都有外界的和心理的干扰，电话铃声、关门声、其他人的声音是一些我们常见的外界干扰。但是心理的干扰更难克服。这里面的原因很多，说话人可能无法跟上听话人思想的速度。常人的思考速度要比说话的平均速度快得多。当听话人有很多自由时间支配的时候，他们就可能会太专注自己的思绪而很快就不知道说话人说到什么地方了。这就是问题的所在：听得太快！,.,11,6.Sometimes,thelistenertendstoskippartofwhatisbeingsaidunconsciously.Sinceeachpersonhashisownrangeofinterests,whenthespeakertalksaboutsomethingthatisofnopersonalinterestorconcerntohim,hewould“switchoffthetalking.”Thoughhemightnodhisheadorrespondwithgestures,hismindiswandering.Thisautomaticcontrolexercisesitsinfluenceespeciallywhenthetopicistooboring.有时候，听话人会下意识地跳过说话人的一些谈话。每个人都有自己的兴趣爱好，如果说话人谈论一些听话人不感兴趣或与听话人无关的事情，听话人就会“关掉谈话”。虽然听话人可能还会点头或用其他肢体语言回应，他的思绪却游移到别的事情上去了。这种自动控制系统的作用在谈话内容太枯燥的时候尤其明显。,.,12,7.Otherpsychologicalfactorsalsocomeintoplay.Apersonsfeelingtowardsthespeakercanaffecthislisteningability.Ifhehasapoorimpressionofthespeaker,becauseofhisappearanceorwhatever,itisquitenaturalthathewouldnottuneintothewordsofthespeaker.其他心理因素也同样会起作用。一个人对说话人的印象也会影响他的理解能力，如果听者对说话人的印象不好，比如由于说话人的相貌或某些原因，那他自然就不会去认真聆听说话人说的内容。,.,13,8.Verbalcommunicationisagoodmeansforpeopletounderstandeachother.Whathastobeborneinmindisthat,toensurethatgoodcommunicationtakesplace,talkingandhearingarejustnotenough.Whenwehearpeoplecomplainthatnoonelistenstothemornooneunderstandsthem,weshouldbeabletoprovideanacceptableexplanation.言语交流是人们相互了解的很好方式。但是值得我们注意的是要确保交流的顺利进行，光凭说和听是不够的，当听到有人抱怨没人听他们说话或没人理解他们的时候，我们应该能够给他们一个合理的解释。,.,14,.,15,1.人际关系,personalrelationships,2.促成,contributeto,3.感觉受冷落,feeldeserted,4.往往,tendto,5.借助,resortto,6.考虑在内,takeintoaccount,7.一定会,beboundto,8.引起,giveriseto,9.避免误解,avoidmisunderstanding,10.缺乏交流,lackofcommunication,.,16,13.生理功能,physiologicalfunction,14.血液流通,bloodcirculation,15.跟上,keeppacewith,16.任某人处置,atonesdisposal,17.心理因素,psychologicalfactors,18.起作用,comeintoplay,19.忘乎所以,becarriedaway,20.牢记,bearinmind,11.面临,beconfrontedwith,12.言语交流,verbalcommunication,.,17,2.vital:adj.extremelyimportantandnecessaryforsomethingtosucceedorexist,Regularexerciseisvitalforyourhealth.,旅游业对于国民经济来说是至关重要的。,Thetouristindustryisofvitalimportancetothenationaleconomy.,NB:vitalityn.生命力，活力,.,18,WordsStudy,plain:,1.vi.expressfeelingsofpain,dissatisfaction,orresentment,2.vt.expressdissatisfactionorresentment,Manypatientscomplainofheadachesanddifficultyinsleepingwhentheytakethisdrug.,员工们抱怨工资过低而且福利差。,Theemployeescomplainedthatthewagesweretoolowandthebenefitswereinadequate.,NB:complaincomplaintn.,.,19,4.desert:vt.leaveatadifficulttimeorinacruelway,esp.withtheintentionofnotreturning,Mrs.Smithwasdesertedbyherhusbandandhadtosupportfourchildrenonherown.,.,20,3.contribute:,1.vi.(usuallyfollowedbyto)helpincausingasituation,event,orcondition,Anincreaseinthepriceofdrugshascontributedtotherisingcostofmedicalcare.,2.vt.givemoney,help,ideas,etc.tosomething,1.vi.(usuallyfollowedbyto)helpincausingasituation,event,orcondition,Anincreaseinthepriceofdrugshascontributedtotherisingcostofmedicalcare.,1.vi.(usuallyfollowedbyto)helpincausingasituation,event,orcondition,2.vt.givemoney,help,ideas,etc.tosomething,Anincreaseinthepriceofdrugshascontributedtotherisingcostofmedicalcare.,1.vi.(usuallyfollowedbyto)helpincausingasituation,event,orcondition,Thevolunteerscontributetheirowntimetotheproject.,2.vt.givemoney,help,ideas,etc.tosomething,Anincreaseinthepriceofdrugshascontributedtotherisingcostofmedicalcare.,1.vi.(usuallyfollowedbyto)helpincausingasituation,event,orcondition,.,21,5.resort:,1.vi.(usuallyfollowedbyto)makeuseof;turnto(oftensomethingbad)forhelp,Manyhomelessteenagersresorttostealingwhentheirmoneyrunsout.,2.n.aplacefrequentedbypeopleforrelaxationorrecreation,ahealthresortapleasureresortasummerresortatouristresort,疗养地游乐胜地避暑地旅游胜地,3.n.theactofturningtosomethingforaidorrelief;recourse,反复实践是取得真知的方法。,Repeatedpracticeistheresortofgaininggenuineknowledge.,.,22,6.apply:,1.vt.(usuallyfollowedbyfor)requestorseekassistance,employment,oradmission,Sheappliedforajobwiththelocalnewspaper.,2.vi.(usuallyfollowedbyto)bepertinentorrelevant,勤俭节约的原则适用于一切事业。,Theprincipleofdiligenceandthriftappliestoallundertakings.,3.vt.puttooradaptforaspecialuse,Weshouldlearntoapplybookknowledgetosocialpractice.,applyv.applicationn.applicableadj.appliedadj.,申请；应用申请；应用适用的；可申请的应用的,.,23,8.analysis:n.(pl.analyses)examinationofsomethingtogetherwiththoughtsandjudgmentsaboutit,7.takeintoaccount:(alsotakeaccountof/takeintoconsideration)considerorincludeparticularfactsordetailswhenmakingadecisionorjudgmentaboutsomething,Thesefiguresdonottakeintoaccountthechangesintherateofinflation.,NB:analyzevt.analysisn.analyticadj.analystn.,分析分析分析的分析家,.,24,9.bound:,1.adj.verylikely;certain,建立在金钱基础上的婚姻肯定要破裂的。,Themarriageonthebasisofmoneyisboundtobreakup.,2.lingtowardsaparticularplaceorinaparticulardirection,这列火车是开往上海的。,ThistrainisboundforShanghai.,beboundfor(aplace)beboundtodosth.,Collocation（搭配）:,前往某地必定,一定,.,25,10.arise:vi.(arose,arisen)usuallyfollowedbyfrom,outofcomeintobeingorbegintobenoticed;happen;appear,疏忽大意往往会引起事故的发生。,Accidentsoftenarisefromcarelessness.,arise:是不及物动词，意思主要指“出现，发生”（后接from形成词组，意为“起因于”）。例如：Anewdifficultyhasarisen.出现了新的困难。arouse:是及物动词，意思主要指“唤醒，唤起，引起”。例如:Theoddsightarousedourcuriosity.奇怪的景象激起我们的好奇。,.,26,11.confront:efacetofacewith,especiallywithdefianceorhostility,Sheconfrontedthevitalquestionofbeingbankrupt.,她面临要破产的重大问题。,12.facilitate:vt.makeeasyore