书面表达三段五步法（富源一中+刘会）.doc

第二章 书面表达三段五步法一、为什么写三段式作文 “三段”指的是一般而言，学生的英语书面表达要划分一定层次，免得没有层次，显得很混乱。作为一篇小作文，分为三个段落一般就可以了。不同文体的写作段落划分如下。议论文：1.根据现象，阐明观点；2.分析原因，展开议论；3.结论辩论文：1.简述现象，支持者的观点；2.反对者的观点；3.自己的观点看图作文：1.导入；2.图画内容；3.议论或简评发展变化：1.总述巨大变化；2.过去；3.现状对比、比较：1.总述；2.相同点；3.不同点说明文：1.要说明的主题；2.具体步骤、过程；3.评论书信：1.寒暄、套头；2.具体事件；3.套尾，祝福语通知：1.对象、称呼、套头；2.内容；3.注意事项，套尾二、五步写作法的运用“五步”指的是写作时，按照五个步骤来操作，确保主题突出，要点齐全，通顺连贯，语句正确，单词数量够。第一步：认真审题：确定文体，拟定标题，写好头尾，策划段落，分布要点。俗话说：“良好的开端，成功已一半”。常用的开头如下。议论文：According to a recent survey, more and more students/peopleWith the development of science and technology, an increasing number of people A recent survey shows that辩论文： Last Saturday, our class held a discussion about whether sb. should, opinions mainly fall into two. (opinions are divided upon this)看图作文：Today, I happened to see an interesting and instructive picture.发展变化：Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years.对比、比较：A and B are two kinds ofThey do have much in common ,but they are not without differences.口头通知: Ladies and gentlemen, (May I have) your attention please. I have an announcement to make.常见的结尾如下。总结型： According to what has been discussed above, we can safely draw a conclusion like this.In conclusionIn a word In generalGenerally, sb. Should呼吁型： Only by v-ing,can we make our world more and more beautiful.build up a harmonious society.enjoy our life to the most. Only if we , can we lead a happier and healthier life.win the war of getting rid of poverty.建议型：It is strongly suggested that sb shouldthat we can.Sb. should be encouraged toso that we can警示型：In view of the seriousness of the problem, proper measures should be take toProper measures should be taken before things get worse to圆滑型：Whether sb should or not. We had better leave this question to the experts in this field. 第二步：并列递进，转折过渡，衔接连贯。并列关系：and, and so, or, neither nor, either or, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, first, second, third, in the first place, in the second place, on the one hand, on the other hand递进关系：then, besides, in addition, additionally, moreover,what is more, further more.因果关系：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so that,consequently, accordingly, as a result, now that, lest, in case, for fear that, thus, therefore, as a result, as a consequence, accordingly, so让步关系：although, though, even though, even if, despite, in spite of,nevertheless (尽管如此)转折关系： but, however, unfortunately, yet, nevertheless, on the contrary, quite the opposite, while总结关系：in conclusion, finally, in short, in summary, to sum up, in a word第三步：立足要点，适当扩展，确定自己能够驾驭的，有一定深度的短语、句型。10个左右。1表示原因。 1）There are three reasons for this 2）The reasons for this are as follows 3）The reason for this is obvious 4）The reason for this is not far to seek 2表示好处。 1）It has the following advantages 2）It benefits us quite a lot 3）It is of great benefit to us3表示坏处。 1）It has more disadvantages than advantages 4表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能 1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient， possible）for sbto do sth 2）We think it necessary to do sth 5表示措施。 1）We should take some effective measures 2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties 3）We should do our utmost in doing sth 4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with 6表示变化。 Some changes have taken place in the past five years 7表示事实、现状。 1）We cannot ignore the fact that 2）No one can deny the fact that 3）There is no denying the fact that 8表示比较。 1）Compared with A，B 2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV 9表示数量。 1）It has increased（decreased）fromto 2）The population in this city has now increased （decreased）to 800，000 3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15 compared with that of January10表示看法。 1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth 2）People have different opinions on this problem 3）People take different views of（on）the question 11表示结论。 From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that 12套语。 1）Its well known to us that 2）As is known to us， 3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about 4）From the graph（table，chart）listed above，it can be seen that 5）As a proverb says，“Where there is a will，there is