Unit 6 Being There

Unit6BeingThere,新世纪高等院校英语专业本科系列教材（修订版）综合教程第六册(第2版)电子教案,上海外语教育出版社南京信息工程大学刘杰海,Contentspage,Contents,LearningObjectivesPre-readingActivitiesGlobalReadingDetailedReadingConsolidationActivitiesFurtherEnhancement,objectives,LearningObjectives,Rhetoricalskill:transferredepithetandrhetoricalquestionKeylanguagefullnameSirVidiadharSurajprasadNaipaul(1932).HisnovelsincludeAHouseforMr.Biswas(1961)andABendintheRiver(1979).HewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein2001.,TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|Structure,G-R:CN-GrahamGreene,GrahamGreene(Paragraph16)(19041991)oneofthemostpopularandcriticallyacclaimedauthorsofthe20thcentury,aBritisheditor,essayist,playwrightandnovelist.GreenesmostfamousworksincludeBrightonRock(1938),TheQuietAmericane(1955),OurManinHavana(1958)andTheHonoraryConsul(1973).Hehadalongassociationwiththemovies,andwasinvolvedinThisGunforHire(1942),TheThirdMan(1949)andLoserTakesAll(1956).,TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|Structure,G-R:CN-PhillipG,PhilipGlazebrook(Paragraph18)Englishnovelistandtravelwriter.HeistheauthorofJourneytoKars(1985).,TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|Structure,G-R:CN-JamesHolman,JamesHolman(Paragraph19)Knownasthe“BlindTraveler,”JamesHolman(17861857)wasaBritishadventurer,authorandsocialobserver,bestknownforhiswritingsonhisextensivetravels.Notonlycompletelyblindbutsufferingfromdebilitatingpainandlimitedmobility,heundertookaseriesofsolojourneysthatwereunprecedentedbothintheirextentofgeographyandmethodof“humanecholocation.”In1866,thejournalistWilliamJerdanwrotethat“FromMarcoPolotoMungoPark,nothreeofthemostfamoustravellers,groupedtogether,wouldexceedtheextentandvarietyofcountriestraversedbyourblindcountryman.”,TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|Structure,G-R:CN-Authorbio,AnatoleBroyard(19201990)African-Americanliterarycritic.HeworkedforTheNewYorkTimesforfortyyears.HiswritingsincludeArousedbyBooksandMen,Women,andOtherAnticlimaxes.HegrewupinBrooklynandattendedtheNewSchoolforSocialResearch.AfterservinginWorldWarII,hetaughtfictionwritingatNewYorkUniversityandColumbia.,TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|Structure,G-R:CN-StructureAnalysis,TextIntroduction|CultureNotes|Author|Structure,Part1,(Para1-11)anexaminationofprimarymotivationfortraveling,Part2,(Para12-15)adiscussionoftravelwritingthatoffersusefulinsightsintothetravelerspsyche,Part3,(Para16-20)adescriptionofthepeculiarapproachheldbysometravelerstoday,DR-p1-text,BEINGTHEREAnatoleBroyard1.Travelislikeadultery:oneisalwaystemptedtobeunfaithfultoonesowncountry.Tohaveimaginationisinevitablytobedissatisfiedwithwhereyoulive.Thereisinmenacentrifugaltendency.Inourwanderlust,weareloverslookingforconsummation.,DetailedReading,DR-p2-3-text,2.Onlywhiletravelingcanweappreciateage.Athome,forAmericansateast,everythingmustbeyoung,new,butwhenwegoabroadweareinterestedonlyintheold.Wewanttoseewhathasbeensaved,defendedagainsttime.3.Whenwetravel,weputasideourdefenses,ouranxiety,andinviteregression.Wegobackwardinsteadofforward.Wecultivateourhysteria.,DetailedReading,DR-p4-text,4.Itisourbestselvesthattravel,justaswedressinourbestclothes.Onlyourpassportremindsushowordinaryweactuallyare.Wegoabroadtomeetourforeignpersona,thatthrillingstrangerbornontheplane.WeregoingtoseeinEuropeeverythingwehaveeliminatedoreditedoutofourowncultureinthenameofconvenience:religion,royalty,picturesqueness,othernessandpassion.Weclingtothebeliefthatotherpeoplesaremorepassionatethanweare.,DetailedReading,DR-p5-text,5.Theresanimpostorineachofuswhyelsewouldweputondarkglassesandtrytospeakandlooklikethenativesofanotherplace?Athome,weimpersonateourselves;whenwereabroad,wecantrytobewhatwevealwayswantedtobe.Inspiteofalltherecenttalkaboutroots,manyofusaretiredofourroots,whichmaybeshallowanyway,andsowetravelinsearchofrootlessness.,DetailedReading,DR-p6-text,6.Travelingbeganwhenmengrewcurious.Theinfluenceofthechurch,thetraditionalpatternoflife,thelackofmoneyandleisurehadallrestrainedcuriosityuntiltheseventeenthcentury,whenunderpressureofscientificdiscoveries,thephysicalworldbegantogapeopen.Itwasthenthatpeoplebegantotravelinsearchoftheprofane.,DetailedReading,DR-p7-8-text,7.Travelarrivedtogetherwithsophistication,withtheabilitytoseethroughorbeyondonesownculture,withthemodernfacultyofboredom.SomethingoftheCrusadessurvivesinthemoderntraveleronlyhisisapersonalcrusade,animpulsetogooffandfightcertainobscurebattlesofhisownspirit.8.Ofcourse,oneofthemostcommonreasonsfortravelingissimplytogetaway.Freudsaidthatwetraveltoescapefatherandthefamily,andwemightaddthefamiliar.Thereisarecurrentdesiretodropourlives,tosimplywalkoutofthem.,DetailedReading,DR-p9-10-text,9.Whenwetravel,weareonvacationvacant,waitingtobefilled.Thefrenziedshoppingofsometravelersisanattempttobuyanewlife.Togetawaytoastrangeplaceproducesaluxuriousfeelingofdisengagement,ofirresponsiblefreeassociation.Oneisanonlooker,impregnable.10.Wetravelinsummer,whenlifecomesoutofdoors,andsoweseeonlysummerypeople,nothingoftheirsadfalls,theirlong,darkwintersandcruelsprings.Theplaceswevisitaregold-platedbythesun.Theflowersandtreesarelikebouquetsthrowntohistory.,DetailedReading,DR-p11-12-text,11.Andlanguagewhatapleasuretoleaveourownlanguage,withitsclichsstuckinourteeth.Howmuchbetterthingssoundinanothertongue!Itslikehavingourearscleanedout.Solongaswedontunderstandittoowell,everyotherlanguageispoetry.12.Becausewetravelforsomanyreasonssomeofthemcontradictorytravelwritingislikeasuitcaseintowhichthewritertriestocrameverything.Atitsmostinteresting,itsacontinualtasting,theexpressionofanostalgiafortheparticular.Itsachildishgameofplayingcountries,asweusedtoplayhouse.,DetailedReading,DR-p13-text,13.Travelwritingdescribesatragicarc:itbeginswitharisingofthespiritandendsinadyingfall.Theearliesttravelerswenttoseemarvels,toadmirethewonderfuldiversityoftheworldbutthelatesttravelersarelikevisitorssittingatthebedsideofdyingcultures.Earlytravelersfellinloveatfirstsightwithforeignplacesbutnowweknowonlyloveatlastsight,akissbeforedying,abreathinginofthelastgasp.Insomeancientsocieties,itusedtobethecustomforthesontoinhalehisfatherslastbreath,whichcontainedhisdepartingsoul,andtodaystravelersdosomethinglikethis,too.,DetailedReading,DR-p14-text,14.Travelwritinghasbecomeaquintessentiallymodernthing,thepresentregrettingthepast.Wetravellikeinsuranceappraisers,assessingthedamage.Militantlyopposedtoanykindofethnicdistinctionsathome,weadoreethnicityabroad.Ironically,AmericansneedEuropemorethanEuropeansdo.ToParisians,forexample,Parisisaplacetolive;forAmericans,itsaplacetodream.,DetailedReading,DR-p15-text,15.“Idonotexpecttoseemanytravelbooksinthenearfuture,”EvelynWaughwrotein1946.Hesawtheworldturningintoa“monoculture,”thesenseofplacegivingwaytoplacelessness.WhatWaughdidntforeseewasthattravelbookswouldchangeasnovelsandpoetryhave,thateveryslippageofculturewouldprovokeitspeculiarliterature.Heunderestimatedthevariousnessofourreasonsfortraveling.,DetailedReading,DR-p16-text,16.Therehavealwaysbeentravelerswhowenttolookfortheworst,tofindrationalizationsfortheiranxietyordespair,tocovertheirdisillusionmentwithlabels,assteamertrunksusedtobecoveredwiththem.WhyelsewouldPaulTherouxgotoSouthAmerica,whichhesoobviouslydetested?ShivaNaipaulsworstfearswereconfirmedinAfrica,justashisbrotherswereinAsia.GrahamGreenespentfourmonthstravelingintheLiberianjungleasaprivatepenance.,DetailedReading,DR-p17-text,17.Evenruinshavechanged.Insteadoftheclassicalruinsofantiquity,wenowhaveplacesthataremerely“ruined.”Andtherearetravelerswhotakeapositivedelightinthem,wholoveawfulnessforitsownsake.Forthem,awfulnessisthecontemporaryequivalentoftheexotic.Itsanegativesublime,aswoonorecstasyofspoliation.,DetailedReading,DR-p18-text,18.Asothercountriesofferfewerexoticphenomena,thetravelwriterisforcedtofindtheexoticinhimselfandthepicturesqueaswell.Thecentrifugaltendencyturnscentripetal,andmoderntravelbooksmaybeabouttheabsenceofthingsjustastheclassicbooksareabouttheirpresence.InJourneytoKars,PhilipGlazebrookseemstohavevisitedseveralunappealingvillagesinTurkeysimplyfortheironyofbeingthere.(Ironyisthecontemporarytravelersdrip-dryshirt.)OneofthethingsaseverelysophisticatedtravelerlikeGlazebrookseeksisaplacewherehehimselfcanstandoutinabsoluterelief.,DetailedReading,DR-p19-text,19.PerhapsinthefutureweshallhavetotravellikeJamesHolman,who,afterbeinginvalidedoutoftheBritishnavybecausehehadgoneblind,setoutin1819toseetheworld.Travelingmostlyalone,speakingnoforeignlanguages,usingonlypublictransport,HolmangotasfarasSiberiaandreturnedhometopublishinseveralthickvolumesallthathehadexperienced.Herarelyfelt,hesaid,thathehadmissedanythingthroughbeingblind.(Atonepoint,hemetadeafmanandtheytraveledtogether.),DetailedReading,DR-p20-text,20.Sincehecouldnotsee,peopleofteninvitedHolmantosqueezethingsasawayofperceivingthemandthisiswhattodaystravelerhastodo.Hehastosqueezetheplaceshevisits,untiltheyyieldsomething,anything.,DetailedReading,DR:p1Analysis,Paragraph1AnalysisInordertocatchhisreadersattention,theauthorstartstheessaywithanunusualsimilebycomparingtravelto“adultery”travelersaredissatisfiedwiththeirowncountriesandtemptedtovisitothersforexcitement.,DetailedReading,DR:p2-3Analysis,Paragraphs2-3AnalysisInthesetwoparagraphstheauthorprovidestheexampleofAmericans,whoareusedto“young,new”thingsintheirowncountrybutwhoareonlyinterestedintheoldwhentheyareabroad.,DetailedReading,DR:p4-5Analysis,Paragraphs4-5AnalysisIntheseparagraphs,theauthorpointsoutthatwetendtoputonourbestfaadewhenwetravel(“Itisourbestselvesthattravel.”),DetailedReading,DR:p6-7Analysis,Paragraphs6-7AnalysisTheauthorexplainswhenandwhytravelbecamepopular.,DetailedReading,DR:p8-9Analysis,Paragraphs8-9AnalysisInthesetwoparagraphstheauthorcitestheFreudiantheorytoexplainwhywetravelto“getaway,”thatistoescapethefamiliarfor“aluxuriousfeelingofdisengagement.”,DetailedReading,DR:p10-11Analysis,Paragraphs10-11AnalysisIntheseparagraphstheauthorcitestwoexamplestoshowthattravelcouldrefreshpeople:toseesummerypeopleandtohearthingssaidinanothertongue.,DetailedReading,DR:p12Analysis,Paragraph12AnalysisAfterenumeratingsomereasonsfortraveling,theauthormovestothenextrelatedtopictravelwriting.,DetailedReading,DR:p13Analysis,Paragraph13AnalysisInthisparagraphtheauthorcompares“theearliesttravelers”and“thelatesttravelers”intermsoftheirpurposes.,DetailedReading,DR:p14Analysis,Paragraph14AnalysisInthisparagraphwelearnthattravelbooksrevealmanyinterestingaspectsofourself-contradictions:welivetodaybutmissthepast;weoppose“ethnicdistinctions”athomebutvaluethemabroad.,DetailedReading,DR:p15-16Analysis,Paragraphs15-16AnalysisInthesetwoparagraphstheauthorarguesagainstEvelynWaughsideathattravelbookswilldisappearbecausetheworldisbecominga“monoculture”byenumeratingsomeofourvariousreasonsfortraveling.,DetailedReading,DR:p17-18Analysis,Paragraphs17-18AnalysisIntheseparagraphstheauthorfurtherexplainssomeofthereasonsfortraveling:theloveof“awfulnessforitsownsake”andthequestfor“theexotic”inthetravelerhimself.Forthedescriptionofexoticphenomena,travelwritershaveturnedtheirattentionfromsomethingvisible(presenceofthings)tosomethinginvisible(absenceofthings),whentheyfindfewernewandalienthingsavailablefortheirbooks.,DetailedReading,DR:p19-20Analysis,Paragraphs19-20AnalysisIntheseparagraphstheauthorpointsoutwhatatravelershoulddobycitingtheexampleoftheblindtravelerJamesHolman“tosqueezetheplaces”wevisit,“untiltheyyieldsomething,anything.”Andthatisprobablythepurposeof“beingthere.”,DetailedReading,DR-Question-p1-3a,Paragraphs1-3:QuestionWhatistheprimarymotivationfortravelingandwhatistheuniqueapproachheldbysometravelerstoday?,DetailedReading,Theprimarymotivationfortravelingispeoplesboredomwiththeirownplacesandtheirdesiretoseesomethingdifferentandnew.Inthissense,travelingcanfulfillonesdesiretodropfamiliarlifeandtemporarilymakeoneanonlooker,sothatonecanfeeldisengagedandimpregnable.,DR-Question-p1-3b,Sometravelersholdapeculiarapproach.Theywanttolookfortheworst,tofindrationalizationsfortheiranxietyordespair,tocovertheirdisillusionmentwithlabels.Forthemthesignificanceofruinshaschanged.Insteadoftheclassicalruinsofantiquity,nowtheyhaveplacesthataremerely“ruined.”Theytakeapositivedelightinthemandloveawfulnessforitsownsake.Intheireyes,awfulnessisthecontemporaryequivalentoftheexotic.Itisanegativesublime,aswoonorecstasyofspoliation.,DetailedReading,DR-Question-p5,DetailedReading,Paragraph5:QuestionWhatdoestheauthormeanby“roots”and“rootlessness”?,By“roots”theauthormeanstheculturalorethnicoriginonecanidentifywith,orwhatonebelongsto;by“rootlessness”hemeansonespsychologicalneedtobefree.,DR-Question-p6,DetailedReading,Paragraph6:QuestionWhywaspeoplescuriosityaboutothercountriesrestraineduntilthe17thcentury?,Travelingwasnotpopularbeforethe17thcenturybecausetheinfluenceofthechurch,thetraditionalpatternoflife,thelackofmoneyandleisurehadallrestrainedcuriosity.Thescientificdiscoveriesinandafterthe17thcenturybegantoexertcertainpressureonpeopletoexplorethephysicalworld.,DR-Question-p7,DetailedReading,Paragraph7:QuestionWhydoestheauthorcomparetraveltoapersonalcrusade?,Bydefinition,acrusadecanbeinterpretedasacontinualeffortorstruggleforaparticularcause.Heretheauthorfindsthattravelis,insomeway,abattletofind“theprofane”andtogetawayfromboredominmodernsociety.,DR-Question-p8-9,DetailedReading,Paragraphs8-9:QuestionHowdoestheauthorexplainonesdesire“togetaway”inParagraphs8and9?,TheauthorusestheFreudiantheorytoexplainoneofthemostimportantreasonsfortraveling,thatis,“toescapefatherandfamily,”orourpsychologicalurgefor“disengagement”from“thefamiliar,”for“irresponsiblefreeassociation.”,DR-Question-p11,DetailedReading,Paragraph11:QuestionWhat,accordingtotheauthor,isthetravelerspossiblereactiontoanalienlanguage?,Accordingtotheauthor,itisapleasuretoleavetheirownclich-filledlanguageandhearthingssaidinanothertongue,DR-Question-p13,DetailedReading,Paragraph13:Questions1.What,accordingtotheauthor,isthemaindifferencebetweentheearliesttravelersandtodaystravelers?,“Theearliesttravelerswenttoseemarvels,toadmirethewonderfuldiversityoftheworld,”andtheywerefascinatedwithforeignplacesatfirstsight;whilethelatesttravelersgotocatchalastsightofwhatisdisappearing,tomourn“dyingcultures.”,DR-Question-p13,DetailedReading,Paragraph13:Questions2.Whatdoestheauthorhopetoconveywhenhementionsthecustominsomeancientsocietiesforthesontoinhalehisfatherslastbreath?,Theauthorsuggeststhattodaystravelersaretryingto“inhale”the“departingsoul”of“dyingcultures,”thatis,togetholdofwhatisstillleftofancientcivilizations.,DR-Question-p20a,DetailedReading,Paragraph20:QuestionWhydoestheauthorentitlehisessay“BeingThere”?,Onthesurface,thetitle“BeingThere”means“travelingtootherplaces,”whichisoppositeto“beinghere.”Whattheauthordrivesatisourpsychologicalmotivationsfortraveling:ourdissatisfactionwithourowncountries,ourdesire“tobewhatwevealwayswantedtobe,”ourcuriosityaboutantiquityandothercountriesandcultures,ourdesire“togetaway”from“fatherandthefamily,”,DR-Question-p20b,even“toleaveourownlanguage”.Theauthoralsosuggeststhatitisnotenoughjusttobe“there”weshould“squeezetheplaces”wevisituntil“theyyieldsomething.”,DetailedReading,LPT-travelislikeadultery,“Travelislikeadultery:oneisalwaystemptedtobeunfaithfultoonesowncountry.”,DetailedReading,Paraphrase,Travelislikeinfidelitybetweenmarriedpeople,buthereoneisalwaysluredintogoingouttoseeothercountries.,LPT-adultery,adulteryn.(adulterousadj.)sexthattakesplacebetweenamarriedpersonandsomeonewhoisnottheirhusbandorwife,DetailedReading,e.g.,Manypeopleinpubliclifehavecommittedadultery.Hehadanadulterousrelationshipwithhiswifesbestfriend.,LPT-tempt,temptv.tomakeyouwanttodoortohavesomething,especiallysomethingthatisnotgoodforyou,DetailedReading,e.g.,Theofferofafreecarstereotemptedherintobuyinganewcar.Theytemptedhimtojointhecompanybyofferinghimalargesalaryandacompanycar.,LPT-travelislikeadultery,“.weareloverslookingforconsummation.”,DetailedReading,Paraphrase,Heretheword“consummationmeans“fulfillmentandperefction,”whichimpliesthatwearedissatisfiedwithwhatwehave.,LPT-onlywhiletraveling,“Onlywhiletravelingcanweappreciateage”,DetailedReading,Paraphrase,Onlywhiletravelingcanwerecognizethevalueofage.,LPT-appreciate,appreciatevt.tounderstandthetruenatureofasituation,andrealizewhyitisimportantorserious,DetailedReading,e.g.,Iappreciateyourproblems.Ireallyappreciateyourhelp.,LPT-whenwetravel,“Whenwetravel,weputasideourdefensesouranxiety,andinviteregression.”,DetailedReading,Paraphrase,Whenwetravel,wearenotsomuchonthealert./lesswaryofwhatmighthappentous,insteadweshowkeeninterestinwhathappenedinthepast.,LPT-putaside,putasidetonotallowyourselftobeaffectedbyaproblem,argumentetcsothatyoucanachievesomethingmoreimportant,DetailedReading,e.g.,Canweputthatquestionasidefornow,andcomebacktoitlater?Letsputourdisagreementsasideandmakeafreshstart.,LPT-cultivateourhysteria,“cultivateourhysteria”,DetailedReading,Paraphrase,releaseourdesiresthathavelongbeensuppressed,LPT-wearegoingtoseein,“WeregoingtoseeinEuropeeverythingwehaveeliminatedoreditedoutofourowncultureinthenameofconvenience.”,DetailedReading,Paraphrase,WeregoingtoseeinEuropeeverythingwehaveremovedoutofourowncultureforthesakeofconvenience.,LPT-eliminate,eliminatevt.togetridofsomethingthatisnotwantedorneeded,DetailedReading,e.g.,Thepoliceeliminatedthepossibilitythatitwasjustanaccident.Amovetowardshealthyeatingcouldhelpeliminateheartdisease.,LPT-editout,editouttoremovepartsofafilm,television,orradioprogrammethatarenotwantedbeforeitisshownorbroadcast,DetailedReading,e.g.,Thefilms129minuteswereeditedoutfrom150hoursoffootage.,LPT-innameof,inthenameofrepresentingsomeoneorsomething;usingtheauthoritygivenbysomeoneorsomething,DetailedReading,e.g.,Muchbloodhasbeenspilledinthenameofreligion,LPT-athomeweimpersonate,“Athome,weimpersonateourselves.”,DetailedReading,Paraphrase,Athome,wearealwaysmasked.Wedarenotshowothersourrealselves.,LPT-impersonate,impersonatevt.topretendtobesomeoneelsebycopyingthewaythattheylook,speak,orbehaveinordertotrickpeople,DetailedReading,e.g.,Hewasfinedforimpersonatingapoliceofficer.