宾语从句 (2)

宾语从句,一、宾语从句的结构,1.及物动词、介词、少数形容词之后，可以加宾语从句。Doyouknowwheretheboylives?(及物动词)Iminterestedinwhatyousaidatthemeeting.(介词)Wearegladthatyouvecometojoinus.(形容词),主句,连接词,从句,2.动词+间接宾语+宾语从句,IaskedhimwhetherhewouldvisitChina.Hehasinformedmewhentheyaregoingtodiscussmyplan.Thepolicemanwarnedusthattheroadswereicy.,3.动词+it+adj+宾语从句,Theboyhasmadeitclearthathewontgiveup.此处的it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的宾语从句。Wefeelitapitythatyouwontjoinusinthegame.,二、宾语从句三大要素,连接词（如何挑选）语序（陈述语序）三大考点时态（前后一致）eg:1.Hetellsmethathewillgotoschool.2.Hetoldmewherehewasgoingtotravlethatsummer.,1.连接词,that当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略Heknew(that)heshouldstudyhard.他知道他应该努力学习。将下面两句话连成一句：1.Hewillbebacksoon.Ithink.Ithink(that)hewillbebacksoon.2.Heishere.IknowIknow(that)heishere.,ifwhether当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，ifwhether表示“是否”Iaskedifwhethertheywouldwin.我问他们是否会赢。练习：1.我想知道他明天是否会来。Iwanttoknowifwhetherhewillcometomorrow.2.Howaboutvisitingthemuseum?Goodidea.Butfirstweshouldfindoutitisopen.A.howB.whetherC.whatD.whichB,特殊疑问词（连接代词、连接副词）连接代词：whowhomwhosewhatwhich等Idontknowwhathewants.我不知道他想要什么。Canyoutellmewhomyouarewaitingfor?能告诉我你在等谁吗？Doyouknowwhosebookstheseare?你知道这些书是谁的书吗？,连接副词：whenwherewhyhow等,Doyouknowwhenhewillcomebacktomorrow？你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？PleasetellmewhereIcanfindTom.请告诉我在哪里能找到Tom.Heexplainedtomewhyhewasabsentfromthemeeting.他向我解释了他缺席会议的原因。CanyoutellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?能告诉我怎样去邮局吗？,2.语序,宾语从句要用陈述语序。口诀：宾语从句要做对，语序应用连主谓eg:Iwanttoknowwhereyoucomefrom.Iwanttoknowwheredoyoucomefrom.,练习,1.Maryaskedme：“HowlonghaveyoustayedinChina?”改成宾语从句的形式：MaryaskedmehowlongIhadstayedinChina.2.Doyouknow?Theymovedheresoonaftertheirsonwasborn.A.whenwouldtheGreensmovehereB.whentheGreensmovedhereC.theGreenswouldmovehereD.whentheGreenswouldmovehere,3.宾语从句的时态,1.主句的谓语是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不受影响，可根据具体情况使用任何时态。IknowthathewillleaveChinatomorrow.我知道他明天要离开中国。Hetellsmethathissistercamebackyesterday他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。,2.主句的谓语是一般过去时，宾语从句要用对应的过去的某个时态。eg:ShesaidshewasgoingtovisittheGreatWall.她说她打算去游览长城。,特例一,eg:Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.（他说光比声传播的快得多。）特别注意：如果宾语从句表示客观真理、自然现象等，从句用一般现在时。,特例二,eg:Couldyoutellmewhatyoudoingrightnow?A.wasB.areC.wereD.isCould此时表示委婉语气，而非表示过去的动作，因此，其后的从句可按照一般现在时的时态来做，具体情况具体分析。,难点一,否定前移。当主句的谓语动词是think,believe,guess,suppose等，主句的主语是第一人称且为一般现在时时，宾语从句的否定词通常要前移到主句中，即否定主句的动词。eg:Idontbelieveheisright.(我认为他不对。),特别注意,当宾语从句中有no,never,hardly,notatall,notabit,not.enough,canthelpdoing等时不能否定转移。IthinkIcanthelplaughingifIseeit.Ibelievehenevertellsalie.,难点二,if与whether的区别1.在引导宾语从句时，二者的区别不是很大，一般可通用,解释为“是否”。Idontknowifwhethertheywillcometohelpus.(我不知道他们是否来帮助我们。),2.以下情况下，if与whether不能通用。当句中有ornot时，只能用whether，不能用if。eg:Idontcarewhetheryourcarbreaksdownornot.(我不在乎你的车是否坏了。),在介词后只能用whether不能用if。eg:Thisdependsuponwhetherwearedeterminedtodoit.（这件事要看我们是否有决心去做。）,在动词不定式之前，只能用whether不能用if.Hedoesntknowwhethertostayathome.(他不知道是否要呆在家里。),作动词dicuss的宾语时，只用whether不用if。eg:LetsdicusswhetherPeterisfortheposition.我们来讨论一下，彼得是否适合这个岗位。,只有whether才能放于句首。eg:Whethershewillcomeisnotclear.她来不来还不清楚。,作表语从句时，只能用whether。eg:Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.问题是这事值不值得做。（be动词之后，只能用whether。）,if除了有“是否”的意思外，还可以引导条件状语从句，此时可翻译为“如果”。当if在句中容易产生歧义时，就不可用if,而要用whether。eg:Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouintendtocome.译文：如果你打算来，请告诉我。（条件状语从句）请告诉我你是否打算来。（宾从）此处如果用if就容易产生歧义，所以用whether。,练习用if/whether填空,1.IminterestedinhelikesEnglish2.Letmeknowhewillcomeornot3.thisistrue，Icantsay4.Idontknowtogo5.Pleaseletmeknowyoulikethebook,难点三,be+形容词后跟宾语从句的用法。常见的接宾语从句的形容词有：sure/certain/glad/pleased/happy/afraid/surprised/sorry等。eg:Imgladthatyouvehelpedmealot.(很高兴你给了我们这么多帮助。),难点四,宾语从句和特殊疑问词+动词不定式的同义转换。eg:CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?=Canyoutellmehowtogettotherailwaystation?（你能告诉我如何到达火车站吗？）,练习,-CanIhelpyou?-Yeah,Idontknowabananamilkshake.Maybeyoucanteachme.A.whattodoB.whentomakeC.howtomakeD.whytodoC,改错题,1.Doyouknowwhenwilltheycomebacktomorrow?Doyouknowwhentheywillcomebacktomorrow?语序错误,2.Couldyoutellmewhattimeisitnow?Couldyoutellmewhattimeitisnow?语序错误,3.Nobodyknowswheredoesshelive.Nobodyknowswhereshelives.语序错误,4.Mothersaidthatshewillbuymeawalkman.Mothersaidthatshewouldbuymeawalkman.时态错误,5.Shetol