直接引语和间接引语.ppt

Grammar,直接引语和间接引语,DirectandIndirectSpeech,S:MynameisAnneFrankandmyfamilyisJewish.,T:ShesaidthathernamewasAnneFrankandherfamilywasJewish.,Directspeech,Indirectspeech,_,_,_,_,WarmingUp,S:MyfamilyandIarehidinginAmsterdam.,T:ShesaidthatsheandherfamilywerehidinginAmsterdam.,Directspeech,Indirectspeech,_,_,WarmingUp,Grammar:DirectandIndirectSpeech(1),转述他人的陈述陈述句,SheaskedmewhatIwasdoing.,1)Hesaid,“ImgoingtoBeijing.”,HesaidthathewasgoingtoBeijing.,2)Heasked,“Areyouateacher?”,Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasadoctor.,3)Shesaid,“Whatareyoudoing?”,2.转述他人的疑问一般疑问句,3.转述他人的问题特殊疑问句,直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化,Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.Hesaid,“IllgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.,陈述句用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said,也可用told来代替，注意，可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that，不可直接说toldthat,解题步骤:,1.陈述句:,“Idontlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriends.,Sarahsaidtoherfriends,that,said,didnt,she,Sarahsaidtoherfriendsthatshedidntlikecomputers.,Sarah,一般疑问句,Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?”Heasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.Hesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,arentyou?”HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.,间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序,2.一般疑问句:Isiteasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil?(Theyaskedhim),Theyaskedhim,if,Itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.,itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.,asked,is,was,Theyaskedhimifitwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.,特殊疑问句,Hesaidtome，“Whatsyourname?”Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.Heaskedus,“Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?”Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.,原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达，语序改为陈述句语序,3.特殊疑问句：Whendoyouharvestthewheat?(Theyaskedhim),Theyaskedhim,When,youharvestthewheat,youharvestthewheat.,he,harvested,Theyaskedhimwhenheharvestedthewheat.,选择疑问句,Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.Iasked,“Willyoutakebusortaketrain?”Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakebusortaketrain.,用whetheror表达，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror,5.注意地点的变化,在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化,1.注意时态的变化,2.注意人称变化。,3.注意指示代词的变化,4.注意时间的变化,6.注意个别趋向动词的变化,Whenyouchangeasentencefromdirectspeechtoindirectspeech,yousometimesneedtochangetheverbtense.Youmayalsoneedtochangepronouns,timeinordertokeepthesamemeaning.,DirectindirectPresentpastPastpastandpastperfectPresentperfectpastperfectPastperfectpastperfect,时态变化(降级原则),Thegeographyteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.,谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：,1.直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变,Thegeographyteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.”,Shesaysthatshellneverforgetthedaysinthecountry.,2.如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变,Thechildrensaid,“Welovethisgame.”,Theytoldusthattheylovethatgame.,3.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。,Shesays,“Illneverforgetthedaysinthecountry.”,1.当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候2.当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时3.当直接引语中有以when,while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时4.当引语是谚语、格言时5.当直接引语中有情态动词should,would,could,hadbetter,wouldrather,might,must,oughtto,usedto,need时,从句时态无须改变的还有以下情况:,GrammarStudy,Trytochangedirectspeechintoindirectspeech:,Hesaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.,Hesaidthatthetrainleavesat7:30p.m.,HesaidthatRomeisntbuiltinaday.,TomsaidhewasborninJuly,1978.,直接引语,间接引语,指示代词,时间状语,地点状语,方向性动词,this,that,these,those,now,then,today,thatday,thisweek,thatweek,yesterday,thedaybefore,lastweek,theweekbefore,fourdaysago,fourdaysbefore,thedaybeforeyesterday,twodaysbefore,tomorrow,thenextday,nextmonth,thenextmonth,here,there,come,go,bring,take,Exercises:,1.Hesaid,“ImafraidIcantfinishthiswork.”,2.Hesaid,“IhaventheardfromhimsinceMay.”3.Tomsaid“Iwillseeyounextweek.”,Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldntfinishthatwork.,HesaidthathehadntheardfromhimsinceMay.,Tomsaidthathewouldseemethenextweek.,4.“Whywereyoulateagain?”Theteachersaidtome.5.“Idontlikeswimming,”saidSarah.6.HisfriendsaskedhimifhewouldgotoDalian.7.“HaveyoubeentoParis?”Myclassmateaskedme.,TheteacheraskedmewhyIwaslateagain.,Sarahsaidshedidntlikeswimming.,Hisfriendsaskedhim,“WillyougotoDalian?”,MyclassmateaskedmeifIhadbeentoParis.,语法专练,1.“Youvealreadygotwell,haventyou?”sheasked.Sheasked_.A.ifIhavealreadygotwell,hadntyouB.whetherIhadalreadygotwellC.haveIalreadygotwellD.hadIalreadygotwell.,B,2.Heasked,“AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember?”Heaskedme_.A.amIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberB.wasIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberC.ifIwasaPartymemberoraLeaguememberD.whetherwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember.,C,3.Heasked,“Howareyougettingalong?”Heasked_.A.howamIgettingalongB.howareyougettingalongC.howIwasgettingalongD.howwasIgettingalong,C,4.Heaskedme_withme.A.whatthematterisB.whatthematerwasC.whatsthematterD.whatwasthematter,D,5.Johnaskedme_tovisithisunclesfarmwithhim.A.howwouldIlikeB.ifornotwouldIlikeC.whetherIwouldlikeD.whichIwouldlike,C,TrytodoSBP.5Ex.2Changethesentenceseitherintodirectspeechorindirectspeech:,1.Annesaidthatshedidntknowtheaddressofhernewhome.2.Annetoldherfatherthatshehadgottiredoflookingatnaturethroughdirtycurtainsanddustywindows.3.Thegirlsaidthatsheneededtopackupherthingsinthesuitcaseveryquickly.,IIIPractice,4.Herfatheraskedherwhyshechose/hadchosenherdiaryandoldletters.5.“Areyouveryhotwithsomanyclotheson?”Motherasked/saidtoher.6.“Whatelsehaveyouhiddenunderyourovercoat?”Margotaskedher.7.“Whenshallwegobackhome?”Anneaskedherfather.8.“Whydidyoutalksomuchtothatboy?”FatheraskedAnne.,Practice,Readerscan_quitewellwithoutknowingtheexactmeaningofeachword.A.getoverB.getinC.getalongD.getthrough,高考链接,C,解析：答案C。本题主要考查具体语境中get短语的用法。全句意为：尽管读者不知道每个单词的确切含义，但他们能够很好得读懂，即读书进展得顺利，故用getalong。,2.ItshardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI_inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldnthavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.sh