新视角研究生英语读说写2三单元课后练习答案

,Exercises,ReadingComprehension,StructureoftheText,Unit3:Exercises,Vocabulary,Cloze,Translation,Unit3:Readingcomprehension,1.Inparagraph1,theauthorsaysthatweareinthemiddleofasixthgreatextinction.Whatarethesegreatextinctions?Couldyounamesome.Inwhatwayisthecurrentgreatextinctiondifferentfromthepreviousfiveones?,Thedifferenceliesinthefactthatthepreviousfivegreatextinctionshaveoccurredfornaturalcauses,butthecurrentgreatextinctionhasbeencausedbyhumanactivities.,Reference,Ex.I,p.50,Unit3:Readingcomprehension,2.Whatistheauthortryingtodowithparagraph2?,Theauthorgivesussomeexamplestoshowwhathumanneedshavecausedthecurrentgreatextinction.Generallyspeaking,theyarehumansneedsforsurvival.,Reference,Unit3:Readingcomprehension,3.WhydidthebuffaloandthepassengerpigeoninNorthAmericabecomeextinct?,Boththebuffaloandthepassengerpigeonbecameextinctowingtooverhuntingbyhumans.,Reference,Unit3:Readingcomprehension,4.WhatpointdoestheauthorwanttoillustratebywritingabouttheEuropeanrabbitsinparagraph4?,Hewantstoillustratethatnaturalhabitatsofsomenativespeciescouldbedestroyedbytheintroductionofforeignspecies.TheintroductionofEuropeanrabbitsintoAustraliaisagoodexample.TheymultipliedquicklyandthreatenedthehabitatofnativegrazinganimalsinAustraliabyeatingallthevegetation.,Reference,Unit3:Readingcomprehension,5.Inparagraph5,theauthorstatesthathumansendangerotherspeciesbydestroyingtheirnaturalhabitats.Whatexampledoestheauthorgivetosupportthisstatement?,Theexampleis:Therapidshrinkingofrainforestcausedthelossofmanyspeciesthatmadetheirhomesinit.,Reference,Unit3:Readingcomprehension,6.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph8?,Eachlifeformoccupiesaspecialplaceintheecosystem,andthedisappearanceofanyspecieswillaffectotherspeciesintheecosystem.But74speciesaredyingouteveryday.,Reference,Unit3:Readingcomprehension,7.Whatarethetwoadvantagesthatbiodiversityhasovermonoculturesaccordingtoparagraphs912?,1)Biodiversitymakesitpossibleforusefulsubstancestobefoundinspecieswehaventgottotestorstudy.2)Biodiversitywillsavehumanityfrombeingstarvedtodeathowingtotheirgreatdependenceonasmallnumberofspecies.,Reference,Unit3:Readingcomprehension,8.Inparagraph10,theauthorwritesaboutthePacificyewtree.WhatmakesthePacificyewtreesohighlyvaluedtoday?Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbymentioningthistree?,BecauseitisdiscoveredthatthebarkofthePacificyewtreecontainsasubstancecalledtaxol,whichcaneffectivelytreatcertainkindsofcancer.Bymentioningthistree,theauthorwantstotellusthatmanyspeciesmaydieoutbeforetheirvalueisdiscovered.,Reference,Unit3:Readingcomprehension,9.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph11?,Paragraph11mainlytellsusthatthevalueofthevastmajorityofspecieshasyettobediscovered.Itisveryimportantforustoprotectthediversityofspecies.Ifwedont,wewilllosespeciesthatmayturnouttobeextremelyimportanttoourownsurvival.,Reference,Unit3:Readingcomprehension,10.Whatpointissuggestedbythelastparagraph?,Itsuggeststhatitshardtotellwhethertheseprotectivemethodswillbeeffectiveornotnowbecausetherapidhumanpopulationgrowthmaymakeitdifficulttoputthesemethodsintopractice.,Reference,1.Introduction(Paras.12),2.Body(Paras.315),3.Conclusion(Para.16),TextOutline,Unit3:Structureofthetext,Ex.II,p.51,1.Introduction(Paras.12),Weareinthemiddleofasixthgreatextinction,whichiscausedby_.,TextOutline,Unit3:Structureofthetext,humanactivities,2.Body(Paras.315),1)_thathumanactivitiesendangerotherspecies.(Paras.35),TextOutline,Unit3:Structureofthetext,Threemajorways,2)Thereasonswhyweshouldpreserveeverylife-formonearth.(Paras.613),3)Methodsofprotectingendangeredspecies.(Paras.1415),2.Body(Paras.315),TextOutline,Unit3:Structureofthetext,A.Humanbeings_fortheirmeat,bones,skinsorforprotectingtheircropsandlivestock.B.Foreignspeciesintroducedbyhumanbeingscan_.C.Humanbeings_bycuttingdownforests,buildingtowns,etc.,killoffanimalsdirectly,endangerthehabitatofnativespecies,destroyanimalsnaturalhabitats,2.Body(Paras.315),2)Thereasonswhyweshouldpreserveeverylife-formonearth.(Paras.613),TextOutline,Unit3:Structureofthetext,A._.B.Thevarietyofspeciescanaddnaturalbeauty.C.Somespeciesprovidehumanswitheconomicvalue.D.Eachlife-form_.E.Biodiversityhasobviousadvantagesover_.,Everylife-formhasarighttoexist,occupiesaplacewithinitsecosystem,monocultures,2.Body(Paras.315),3)Methodsofprotectingendangeredspecies.(Paras.1415),TextOutline,Unit3:Structureofthetext,A._.B._.C.Protectinganimalsthroughcaptivebreeding(zoos).,Passinglaws,Settingasidenationalparksandpreserves,TextOutline,Unit3:Structureofthetext,3.Conclusion(Para.16),WeItshardtotelltheeffectivenessoftheseprotectivemethodsnow.Thebiggestproblemremains_.,howtomeettheneedsofagrowinghumanpopulation,1.Thepassengerpigeonwasa_exampleofaspeciesthatwasmadeextinctbyoverhunting.,prime,Unit3:Vocabulary,2.Climate,soil,water,andairarenonliving_ofanecosystem.,components,Unit3:Vocabulary,3.Asalanguage,Englishis_fromtheAnglo-Saxon,aWestGermanicvariety,althoughitscurrentvocabularyincludeswordsfrommanylanguages.,derived,Unit3:Vocabulary,4.Stoppingthelossof_andlimitingclimatechangearethetwomostimportantchallengesfacingourplanet.,biodiversity,Unit3:Vocabulary,5.ArecentreportclaimsthatMicrosoftproducts,withtheirmarketdominance,arecreatingacomputing_thatsdangerouslysusceptibletowormsandotherattacks.,monoculture,Unit3:Vocabulary,6.TheDecember26,2004IndianOceantsunamiwasreportedtohavekilledmorethan225,000people,andwith_othersmissingorlosingtheirhomes.,uncounted,Unit3:Vocabulary,7.Withtheinventionofblogs,thenumberofwebsitesthatwouldbeinterestingtofolloweachdayhas_severaltimesover.,multiplied,Unit3:Vocabulary,8.ThemovieTwoBrotherstellsthestorythattwotigersareseparatedascubsandtakeninto_,onlytobereunitedyearslaterasenemies.,captivity,Unit3:Vocabulary,9.In2000andagainin2002,theUScongressconsidered_tolimitviolentcontentandmoretightlyregulatethevideogamesindustryinAmerica.,legislation,Unit3:Vocabulary,10.These_projectsandeducationalactivitieshavecontributedtowildlifehabitatimprovement,watershedprotection,andforesthealth.,conservation,Unit3:Vocabulary,PartB,Unit3:Vocabulary,1.Theenvironmentalchangesmighthavecausedthedisappearanceofmanyspeciesbyeliminatingfoodsources,orexposinganimalstoclimaticconditionstowhichtheywerenotadapted.A.extinctionB.distinctionC.punctuationD.destruction,2.Thestudyshowedthatincreasingamountsofbirdfluviruswerecontaminatingthebirdssurroundingswithoutthefarmersrealizingofit.A.conditionsB.climatesC.habitatsD.ecosystems,Unit3:Vocabulary,2.Thestudyshowedthatincreasingamountsofbirdfluviruswerecontaminatingthebirdssurroundingswithoutthefarmersrealizingofit.A.conditionsB.climatesC.habitatsD.ecosystems,3.WhilerecentlybecomingthetenthmostcrowdedcityintheUSA,SanJosehasalsoheldthetitleofTheSafestBigCityinAmericaforthepastseveralyears.A.diverseB.popularC.disappointingD.populous,Unit3:Vocabulary,3.WhilerecentlybecomingthetenthmostcrowdedcityintheUSA,SanJosehasalsoheldthetitleofTheSafestBigCityinAmericaforthepastseveralyears.A.diverseB.popularC.disappointingD.populous,4.Aninternalinquiryhasbegunintowhethersoccerplayersreceivedimproperhousingbenefitsundertheformercoaches.A.examinationB.investigationC.invasionD.invitation,Unit3:Vocabulary,4.Aninternalinquiryhasbegunintowhethersoccerplayersreceivedimproperhousingbenefitsundertheformercoaches.A.examinationB.investigationC.invasionD.invitation,5.Itsourjobtopreparebright,ambitiousyoungpeoplefortheopportunitiesofferedbywhatwillcontinuetobethemainsectorsforthe21stcentury.A.principleB.extinguishedC.globalD.keystone,Unit3:Vocabulary,5.Itsourjobtopreparebright,ambitiousyoungpeoplefortheopportunitiesofferedbywhatwillcontinuetobethemainsectorsforthe21stcentury.A.principleB.extinguishedC.globalD.keystone,6.Theteenagerwhomadeadramaticescapeaftereightyearsofconfinementinawindowlesscellhasagreedtoatelevisedinterviewthisweek.A.captivityB.preventionC.preservationD.limitation,Unit3:Vocabulary,6.Theteenagerwhomadeadramaticescapeaftereightyearsofconfinementinawindowlesscellhasagreedtoatelevisedinterviewthisweek.A.captivityB.preventionC.preservationD.limitation,7.Thelittlegroupsoimperfectlyknowntousiscounterbalancedbymultitudesofspecies,ofwhichtherearenumberlessvarieties.A.uncommonB.primeC.uncountedD.rare,Unit3:Vocabulary,7.Thelittlegroupsoimperfectlyknowntousiscounterbalancedbymultitudesofspecies,ofwhichtherearenumberlessvarieties.A.uncommonB.primeC.uncountedD.rare,8.Theprotectionoftropicalrainforestsaspublicgoodwillrequirecooperationbetweenallcountriesintheworld.A.institutionB.conservationC.precautionD.construction,Unit3:Vocabulary,8.Theprotectionoftropicalrainforestsaspublicgoodwillrequirecooperationbetweenallcountriesintheworld.A.institutionB.conservationC.precautionD.construction,9.Takenbeforeorwhiledrinking,manymedicationswillincreasetheeffectsofalcoholonyourbody.A.expandB.multiplyC.enlargeD.extend,Unit3:Vocabulary,9.Takenbeforeorwhiledrinking,manymedicationswillincreasetheeffectsofalcoholonyourbody.A.expandB.multiplyC.enlargeD.extend,10.TheChicagoHistoryMuseumhasoneofAmericaslargestcollectionsofarchitecturalworkingdrawings,aswellasmanuscriptmaterials,photographs,architecturalmodels,andbuildingfragments.A.componentsB.substancesC.monoculturesD.debris,Unit3:Vocabulary,10.TheChicagoHistoryMuseumhasoneofAmericaslargestcollectionsofarchitecturalworkingdrawings,aswellasmanuscriptmaterials,photographs,architecturalmodels,andbuildingfragments.A.componentsB.substancesC.monoculturesD.debris,LossofBiodiversityBiologicaldiversityisthevarietyofalllifeformsthedifferentplants,animalsandmicroorganisms,thegenesthey1)_,andtheecosystemstowhichtheybelong.Millionsofyearsof2)_fromothercontinentshaveresultedinAustralianplantsandanimalsevolvinginways3)_fromelsewhere.Asaresult,about82%ofourmammalspecies,45%ofourlandbirdspecies,85%ofourfloweringplantspecies,89%ofourreptilespecies,andabout93%ofourfrogspeciesarefound4)_inAustralia.,contain,Unit3:Cloze,isolation,different,only,Ex.VI,pp.5455Chooseanappropriatewordfromthefollowinglisttofillineachofthefollowingblanks.EachwordcanbeusedonlyONCE.Changethewordformwherenecessary.,Tobecontinued.,The5)_threattoourbiodiversityisthelossofhabitatthroughclearingforagriculture,forestry,miningand6)_development.This,combinedwiththeeffectsofinvasiveplantsandanimals,and7)_eventssuchasfire,droughtandflood,threatensthesurvivalofour8)_species.SinceEuropeansettlement,mostofAustraliasecosystemshavebeen9)_altered.,major,Unit3:Cloze,urban,natural,native,extensively,Tobecontinued.,Theresulthasbeen10)_declinesinthedistributionandabundanceofmanyspecies,andthe11)_ofatleast17nativemammalspeciesandtenterrestrial(陆栖的)birdspecies.Theeffectsonaquatic(水栖的)habitatshave12)_toadeclineinournativefishpopulations.,dramatic,Unit3:Cloze,extinction,contributed,Tobecontinued.,Thebenefitsofconservingbiodiversityare13)_.Theworldsspeciesprovideuswithallourfoodandmanymedicinesandindustrialproducts.Therearealsoopportunitiesfor14)_neworimprovedfoodcropsfromourbiologicaldiversity.Biodiversityisalso15)_forecologicalprocessessuchasregulatingclimate,producingsoil,providingprotectionfromerosion,16)_nutrientsandbreakingdownpollution.,numerous,Unit3:Cloze,developing,important,storing,Tobecontinued.,Biodiversityisculturallyimportantandit17)_theaestheticvaluesofourlandscapes.Thereisalsothe18)_everyspeciesonearthhastherightto19)_andthatnosinglespeciesorgenerationcan20)_theearthasitsown.,maintains,Unit3:Cloze,view,survive,claim,1.由生物多样性的丧失而引起的对人类和地球的威胁和由气候变化所带来的危险一样大。,biodiversity,Thethreattohumanityandtheplanetposedbybiodiversitylossisasgreatasthedangerspresentedbyclimatechange.,becausedbybeposedby,beasgreatasbethesameas,Unit3:Translation,2.收到年轻读者表达他们对被囚动物的关心的信，并询问他们能帮助做什么，我们总是很高兴。,expresstheirconcernsfor,Wearealwayshappytohearfromyoungreadersexpressingconcernforanimalsincaptivityandaskingwhattheycandotohelp.,animalsincaptivity,Unit3:Translation,3.这两个最盛行的理论都认为恐龙之所以灭绝是因为地球大气和温度的变化而造成的。,popularprevalent,Thetwomostpopulartheoriesbothsaythatdinosaursdiedoutbecauseofchangesintheearthsatmosphereandtemperature.,thereasonwhy,iscausedby,Unit3:Translation,4.这场森林大火最终被消防队所控制住了，花费将近50万美元。,bringsthundercontrol,Theforestfirewasfinallybroughtundercontrolbythefire-fightingcrewsatacostofnearlyhalfamilliondollars.,costatthecostof,Unit3:Translation,5.植物根茎能够固定土壤，使之不会被雨水冲蚀。,holdthesoil,Plantrootscanholdthesoilinpositionandpreventitfrombeingwashedawaybytherainwater.,washaway,preventitfrom,Unit3:Translation,6.健康的生态系统以能源、营养物质、有机物质和水的可持续更替为特点。,becharacterizedby,Healthyecosystemsarecharacterizedbysustainableturnoversofenergy,nutrients,organicmatterandwater.,sustainableturnover,Unit3:Translation,7.在世界野生动物基金会一份新的报告中，科学家警告说全球变暖可能在今后20年中灭绝北极熊。,globalwarming,InanewreportbytheWWF,scientistshavewarnedthatglobalwarmingcouldkilloffpolarbearswithinthenext20years.,killoff,Unit3:Translation,carryaway,8.犁过的地对流水没有防范能力，因而珍贵的表土常常在大雨和洪水中被冲走。,protection,Plowedfieldsdonthaveanyprotectionagainstrunningwater,andoftenthevaluabletopsoiliscarriedawayduringheavyrainsorfloods.,Unit3:Translation,9.这个花园比前两天要安静多了，但周围还是有很多各式各样的鸟。,agoodvarietyof,Thegardenwasconsiderablyquieterthanithadbeentheprevioustwodays,buttherewerestillagoodvarietyofbirdsaround.,Unit3:Translation,10.尽管有不同的预计，但总体上人们认为用于制作现代药品的活性成分有大约30%到40%是从植物中提取的，或同植物有关。,although,despiteinspiteof,while,Whileestimatesdiffer,itisgenerallybelievedthataround30%40%oftheactiveingredientsusedinmodernmedicinesarederivedfrom,orrelatedto,plants.,activeingredients,derivefrom,Unit3:Translation,PartB,Oneofthesereasonsisthateachlife-formoccupiesa