英美文学史-第五课-PPT课件

EnglishLiteratureinthe18thCentry,Group4,1,-,Introduction,Enlightenment-WesternEurope,18thaprogressiveintellectualmovementthestruggleofthebourgeoisieagainstfeudalismEnglishenlightenersdifferfromthoseofFrancemostEnglishwritersareenlightenersa.moderategroup-supporttheprinciplesoftheexistingsociety(AlexanderPope,JosephAddison,RichardSteele,DanielDefoeandSamuelRichardson)b.radicalgroup-struggleforaresolutedemocratisation(JonathanSwift,HenryFielding,TobiasGorgeSmollett,OliverGoldsmithandRichardBrinsleySheridan),2,-,2.LiteraryChariacteristicsoftheAgethemainliterarysteam-realismthemaincharactersoftheworks-commonmenconcentrations-describethedailylifeLiterature:newspaper(newborn),books,magazines,pamphlets)Anageofpose-poetrywasinadequate(Addison,Steele,SwiftandFielding)Novelwriting:commonpeopleinsteadofkingsandnoblesWritingdevice-satire(Pope,SwiftandFielding),3,-,3.EnglishLiteratureintheThreeStagesoftheEnligthenmentthefirstperiod(GloriousRevolution-theendofthe1730s)neo-classicisminpoetry(AlexanderPope)anewposeliteratureappeared-essaysofAddison,Steele;thefirstrealisticfictionofDefoeandSwift(majorauthor)b.thesecondperiod(1740s-1750s,mature)novelsofRichardson,FieldingandSmollettc.thethirdperiod(thelastfewdecadesofthe18thcentury)newliterarytendencies:sentimentalism-poetry(EdwardYoungandThomasGray)chieflyinnovels(LaurenceSterneandOliverGoldsmith)pre-romanticism-poetry(minorpoets,WilliamBlakeandRobertBurns)theimportantdramatist-RichardBrinsleySheridan(realisticplaywright)Conlusion:literatureofthe18thcentury-complexthreegeneralheads:thereignofneo-classicismtheappearanceofpre-romanticpoettythebeginningofmodernnovels,4,-,Thethreestagesoftheenlightenment,thefirstperiod-theearlyperiod(fromthegloriousrevolutiontotheendofthe1730s)Literature:Neo-Classicism,Thethirdperiod-thelastperiod(1760s-1800s)sentimentalismtheyobservedtheunitiesoftime,placeandaction;andpoetryshouldfollowtheancientdivisions).,7,-,MajorfiguresoftheNeo-ClassicalSchool*AlexanderPope(1688-1744)*RichardSteeleandJosephAddison*SamuelJohnson(1709-1784)*JamesBoswell(1740-1795),Neo-Classicism,8,-,Neo-ClassicismMajorfigures,AlexanderPope(1688-1744)Amasterofsatireandheroiccouplet,andsatiricanddidacticverse.Works:AnEssayonCriticism-heroiccoupletHeputforwardhisaesthetictheoriesinitanditisacomprehensivestudyofthetheoriesofliterarycriticism.TheRapeoftheLock-mock-heroicpoemAnEssayonMan-heroiccoupletTheDunciad-PopesfamoussatiricalpoemItshowsthepoetsstruggleagainstignoranceandbarbarismaswellasdullnessandemptinessallaroundhim.Influnce/Cnotribution:Heexertedastronginfluenceupontheotherwritersoftheage.HeintroducedthespiritofrationalismintoEnglishculture.Theearly18thcenturyhasoftenbeennamedastheAgeofPope.,9,-,Neo-ClassicismMajorfigures,RichardSteeleandJosephAddison（ThetwonamesareoftenlinkedtogetherinEnglishliteraturebecauseoftheirjointliterarywoke.）Works:TheTatlerThepaperbecamepopularbecauseitwasjustthesortofthingthatsuitedtheneedsofthereadingpublicamongthebourgeoisie.TheSpectatorThemoststrikingfeaturesofthepaperarethecharactersketchesofMrSpectatorandtheothermembersofhisclub,whichbecometheforerunnerofthemodernEnglishnovel.,10,-,Neo-ClassicismMajorfigures,Contribution:theirwritingsinTheTatlerandTheSpectatorprovideanewcodeofsocialmoralityfortherisingbourgeoisie.ThedrawatruepictureofthesociallifeofEnglandinthe18thcentury.Intheirhands,theEnglishessaycompletelyestablisheditselfasaliterarygenre.Usingitasaformofcharactersketchingandstorytelling,theyusheredinthedawnofthemodernnovel,11,-,SamuelJohnson(1709-1784)Works:TheDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguageThedictionarybroughthimmuchfameanditbecamethefoundationofallthesubsequentEnglishdictionaries.LivesofthePoetsItconsistsofthebiographiesof52poetsandprovidesomeofthebest-knownpicturesoftheearlyEnglishpoets.,Neo-ClassicismMajorfigures,12,-,JamesBoswell(1740-1795)HehasbeenknownforhisbiographyofJohnsonentitledTheLifeofSamuelJohnson,owingtowhich,hehasbeenconsideredoneofthebestbiographersinEnglishliterature.,Neo-ClassicismMajorfigures,13,-,Thesecondperiod-thematureperiod(1740s-1750s)novel:Richardson,Fielding,Smollett,14,-,thematureperiodoftheEnlightment(1740-1750realisticnovelists:FieldingandSmolletFierceattackontheexistingsocialconditionsSentimentalnovelists：Richardson,15,-,HenryFielding(1707-1754)Entitles:anovelist(thegreatestnovelistoftheeighteenthcentury),adramatist,anessayistP93Lifeexperience:camefromanaristocraticfamilyApopularplaywriterinLondon(satiriccomedies),exposethecorruption,hypocrisyandcrueltyofofficialsandarousehatredofrulingclass,forcedtoendhiscareerasaplaywright.Ajudgein1748DiedinLisbonin1754Importantposition:FounderoftheEnglishrealisticnovelistExactobservationandstudyofthereallifeandhumannature,realisticnovelistsMajorfigures,16,-,WorksA）1729-1737dramatistusingdramasasweapontoridiculeandattacktheviceofthe25plays,includingcomedies,farces,burlesques,anddramaticsatiresRepresentativeworks:TheHistoricalRegisterfortheYear1736Plotico-satiricplayB）novelistFeaturesofhisworks:firstpersonnarrativeSatireaboundeverywhereTeachingwovenintohisverytextureE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