高英TheLoons修辞手法总结.ppt

TheLoons,MargaretLaurence,吴欣荣,Detailedintroductionofrhetoricdevices,SharesomebeautifulparagraphsinTheLoons,AnalogyorSymbolism,Structure,Simile,GrandmotherMacLeod,herdelicatelyfeaturedfaceasrigidasacameo麦克里奥祖母那清秀的脸上此时显得像玉石雕像般的冷峻(Page194Para12)Atnightthelakewaslikeblackglasswithastreakofamberwhichwasthepathofthemoon.夜间的湖面看起来像一块黑色玻璃，只有一线水面因映照着月光才呈现出琥珀色(Page198Para39)Thejukeboxwasboomingliketunefulthunder电唱机播放出雷声般的音乐(Page199Para48),Throughthefiligreeofthesprucetrees透过一层云杉树叶织成的丝帘(page195Para17)Itseemedtomedaughteroftheforest,akindofjuniorprophetessofthewilds在我看来，皮格特一定可以算是森林的女儿，是蛮荒世界的小预言家。(Page196Para22)Itriedanotherline我试着改用另一种策略(page197Para30),Metaphor,Plaintive,andyetwithaqualityofchillingmockery,thosevoicesbelongedtoaworldseparatedbyaeonsfromourneatworldofsummercottagesandthelightedlampsofhome.(Page198Para40),Metonymy,那种悲凉之中又带着冷嘲的声调属于另外一个遥远的世界，那世界与我们这个有着避暑别墅和居家灯火的美好世界相隔不下亿万年之遥。,Implythehumancivilization,Definition:借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.I.以容器代替内容,例如:1.Thekettleboils.水开了.2.Theroomsatsilent.全屋人安静地坐着.II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:Lendmeyourears,please.请听我说.III.以作者代替作品,例如:acompleteShakespeare莎士比亚全集VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:Ihadthemuscle,andtheymademoneyoutofit.我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.,Metonymy,dressesthatwerealwaysmilestoolong.长得极不合体(Page193Para3)thosevoicesbelongedtoaworldseparatedbyaeonsfromourneatworld.那种悲凉之中又带着冷嘲的声调属于另外一个遥远的世界，那世界与我们这个有着避暑别墅和居家灯火的美好世界相隔不下亿万年之遥（page198Para40）,Hyperbole,Acoupleofmonthsrestwouldgivethatboneamuchbetterchance好好休养两个月会使她的骨病治愈的希望大大增加(Page193Para6)Thetwogreysquirrelswerestillthere,gossiping正朝着我们嘁嘁喳喳地乱叫(Page195Para17)Thewaterwasalwaysicy,forthelakewasfedbysprings钻石湖的水源自山泉，因此湖水总是冰凉的(Page196Para23),Personification,Iwasashamed,ashamedofmyowntimidity,thefrightenedtendencytolooktheotherway.我很惭愧，为自己的怯懦和知难而退的性格而感到惭愧。(page201Para58)Shedputonanawfullotofweight,andshelookedamess.(Page202Para69)她发胖了许多，看上去乱七八糟的,Transferredepithet,Mybrothermeticulouslyturningitroundandroundinhissmallandcurioushands.(page195Para17)Herdefiantface,momentarily,becameunguardedandunmasked,andinhereyestherewasaterrifyinghope.她那揭下面具和保护罩的脸上露出的是一副坚强不屈、敢于挑战一切的神色，她的眼神里也透出一种强烈得令人害怕的渴望(Page201Para60),Transferredepithet,TheLoons,1.Thereareabout100handsworkinginhisfactory.(部分代整体),thedamnbonesflaredupagain.（Page193Para4),2.HeistheNewtonofthiscentury.(特殊代一般),3.Thefoxgoesverywellwithyourcap.（整体代部分）,Synecdoche,Usethebonestandsforthetuberculosisofthebone(整体代部分),Synecdoche提喻,39Atnightthelakewaslikeblackglasswithastreakofamberwhichwasthepathofthemoon.Allaround,thesprucetreesgrewtallandclose-set,branchesblacklysharpagainsttheskywhichwaslightenedbyacoldflickeringofstars.(page198Para39),SomeparagraphsinTheLoons,夜间的湖面看起来像一块黑色玻璃，只有一线水面因映照着月光才呈现出琥珀色，湖的周围到处密密丛丛地生长着高大的云杉树，在寒光闪烁的星空映衬下，云杉树的枝桠呈现出清晰的黑色剪影。,49Shehadnotbeenprettyasachild,andshewasnotprettynow,forherfeatureswerestillheavyandblunt.Butherdarkandslightlyslantedeyeswerebeautiful,andherskin-tightskirtandorangesweaterdisplayedtoenviableadvantageasoftandslenderbody.,小时候她长得就不漂亮，现在也还一样，她的五官粗糙、呆板。但是，她那双乌黑、稍稍斜视的眼睛却是美丽的。而且，一条紧身裙和一件桔黄色毛衣将她那柔软、苗条的身材衬托得恰到好处，令人羡慕。,Alliteration,74Ididnotknowwhathadhappenedtothebirds.Perhapstheyhadgoneawaytosomefarplaceofbelonging.Perhapstheyhadbeenunabletofindsuchaplace,andhadsimplydiedout,havingceasedtocareanylongerwhethertheylivedornot.,我不知道那些鸟儿究竟遭到了何种命运。也许它们去一个遥远的地方找到了栖身之地，也许它们找不到这样的地方，于是把生死也不再放在心上，就这样自生自灭了。,Analogy,Symbolism,or,象征手法是根据事物之间的某种联系，借助某人某物的具体形象（象征体），以表现某种抽象的概念、思想和情感。它是以具体事物去表现某种抽象意义或不便表达的意义的一种文学手法。象征是一种艺术手法，它和比喻修辞手法有相似之处。正如比喻要求喻体和被喻事物之间要有某种相似的特点一样，象征也要求象征之物与被象征之物之间有某种相似的特点，从而可以让人引起由此及彼的联想。这是一种隐晦、含蓄而又能使读者产生体会愉悦的美感的技巧。另外，象征是针对全篇而言，而比喻是针对某一句而言；运用象征手法的文章中是不会出现本体的，而比喻往往是会出现本体的。象征是在不能、不敢、不愿的前提下，运用的写作手法，而比喻的目的只是为了是句子更加生动形象，属于修辞手法。,symbolism,Analogy(类比)：Analogyisaspecialformofcomparisonwhichdrawsparallelsimilaritiesbetweentwounlikethings(orthetwounlikethingshaveseveralsimilarproperties).Allmetaphorsandsimilesarebasedonanalogy.Butananalogycomparestwothingsnotonlyinoneaspectasasimileorametaphordoes,butalsotapsbetweenthetwothingsasmanysimilaritiesaspossibleandthendevelopsthemsoastomakethecomparisonsmoreoutstandingandeffective.Themorepointsofsimilarity,thestrongertheanalogy.Thesepointsofsimilarityaremadeexplicit,notlefttothereadersimagination.,Definition,one,Analogyisusuallyconstructedinthefollowingpatterns:1）AistoBasCistoDFoodistomanasfuelistoengine2）AistoBwhatCistoD(or:AtoBiswhatCistoD,orwhatCistoD,AistoB)Judiciouspraiseistochildrenwhatthesunistoflowers.3）(Just)asAB,(so)CD(or:soCD,justasAB)（Just）asdarkcloudscannotlonghidethesun,(so)noliescancoverupfacts.4)IfAwereB,CwouldD,Patterns,Two,类比与明喻、暗喻的比较,在相似的一点上进行比较,在几个共同特性或相似点的两件不同事物之间进行平行比较,通过描述、阐明和说明来提高效果和增强主题,用劝说或解释说明一种观点或思想,Three,Distinguishsimile,metaphorfromanalogy,1）Jimwormedhiswaythroughthethickettowardstheforest.(metaphor)2）Ascoldwaterstoathirstysoul,soisgoodnewsfromafarcountry.(analogy)3）Mybrainwasaspowerfulasadynamo,aspreciseasa