高初中英语语法大全详细讲解.ppt

高中英语语法,Chapter1词类、句子成分和构词法,一、词类（10种）名词形容词代词数词冠词,动词副词介词连词感叹词,名词:表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。boy,morning,bag,ball,class,orange代词主要用来代替名词who,she,you,it形容词表示人或事物的性质或特征.good,right数词:表示数目或事物的one,two,first动词：表示动作或状.am,is,are,have,see副词：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等now,very,here,often,quietly,slowly冠词：用在名词前,帮助说明名词a,an,the介词：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。in,on,from,above,behind连词:用来连接词、短语或句子and,but,before感叹词:表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情oh,well,hi,hello.,二、句子成分（7种）主语:谁（名词或代词）ImMissGreen.谓语:做什么（动词）Hecleanstheroom.表语:怎么样（名词、代词或形容词）MynameisPingping宾语:什么（名词或代词）Hecanspelltheword定语:修饰名词或代词abigcity状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词（副词）.workshard宾补:说明宾语怎么样或干什么(形容词或动词)keeptheirclassroomclean同位语:紧跟在名词代词后面,进一步说明Whereisyourclassmate,Tom?,CHUSANYINGYUZONGFUXI,英语总复习,名词的数,名词的所有格,名词的变化,可数名词,不可数名词,名词.,普通名词,专有名词,名词：,可数名词,不可数名词,单数复数,转变,一、英语可数名词的单复数,规则变化在单数名词词尾加ss,o,x,sh,ch结尾的词加es以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。不规则变化manmen,womanwomen,sheepsheep不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词abagofricetwobagsofrice,apieceofpaperthreepiecesofpaper,Practice:,Therearemany(bus)and(car)onthestreet.Ihavetwo(watch),soIgivea(watch)tomysister.YesterdayIwenttothesupermarketandboughtsome（dish）,cars,buses,watches,watch,dishes,练习：,写出下列单词的单数或复数形式,friend,cat,tree,s,s,question,s,s,key,s,toy,s,photo,s,tomato,es,potato,es,leaf,/leaves,zoo,s,radio,s,holiday,s,baby,/babies,city,/cities,roof,s,bus,es,box,es,二、名词所有格,表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加s：ChildernsDay(儿童节)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加TeachersDay(教师节)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加sChinaspopulation(中国的人口).无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系afinedaughteroftheParty(党的好女儿).,单复数同形:英语中，有些名词的单数与复数同行:例：people、Chinese、Japanese、fish、deer（鹿）、sheep（绵羊）e.g:Therearemanyfishintheriver.Wehaveafishforlunch.,记住以下10个要把f或者fe改成v加es的单词：wife(妻子)，life(生命)，knife(小刀)，leaf(树叶)，thief(贼)，half(一半)，self(自己)，shelf(架子)，loaf(面包)，wolf(狼)。,重点,但roof-roofs(屋顶)是例外！,辨认下列哪些是名词，哪些不是名词：,computer，takecoffee，water，run.notebook.bring,table,sportinteresting,Mondayagenewactorsell,根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_.(idea)2.Ioftengotoworkon.(foot)3.Iknowoneofthe.(boy)4.Mr.Browniswearingapairof.(glass)5.Pleasegivethemtheir.(photo)6.Arethereanyinthebox?(watch)7.Therearetwelveinayear.(month),ideas,foot,boys,glasses,photos,watches,months,NOUN.,8.Wouldyoulikesome?(tomato)9.Lookatthoseintheboats!(people)10.Look!Thearesinging.(woman)11.September10thisDay.(teacher)12.Jimhassome.(knife)13.Howmucharethese?(vegetable)14.Myschoolistwenty_walkfromhere.(minute)15.Thegirlunderthetreeisafriendof_.(Lucy),Lucys,minutes,vegetables,tomatoes,people,women,Teachers,knives,代词,人称代词物主代词反身代词指示代词关系代词疑问代词连接代词不定代词,人称代词物主代词反身代词指示代词相互代词疑问代词关系代词不定代词,一.概念,二、分类:按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：,主格I,you,she,he,it,we,you,they,宾格me,you,her,him,it,us,you,them,adj性my,your,her,his,its,our,your,their,n性mine,yours,hers,his,its,ours,yours,theirs,myself,yourself,herself,himself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,oneself,this,that,these,those,eachother,oneanother,who,whom,which,whose,what,who,whom,which,whose,that,as,代词是代替名词的一种词类。用来代替上文中提到过的人或物。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。,sth;sb;both;all;no;another,others,一.人称代词,第一人称,第二人称,第三人称,人称,格,数,单数,复数,主格,宾格,主格,宾格,I,you,he,she,it,me,you,him,her,it,we,you,they,us,you,them,主格、宾格、所有格讲解,1、人称代词主格：在句子开头作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。例:1)Iamateacher.2)Youarestudent.Heisastudent,too.3)We/You/Theyarestudents.2、人称代词宾格：在动词或介词后作宾语，表示动作行为的对象。例：1）Giveittome.2)Letsgo(lets=letus)3.物主代词所有格:用在名词前，表示是谁的东西例:1)Thisismybook.2)Weloveourmotherland.我们热爱我们的祖国,二.物主代词,my,our,your,your,his,her,its,their,mine,ours,yours,yours,his,hers,its,theirs,5.Shall_havealookatthatclassroom?Thatis_classroom.(we)6.Arethese_tickets?No,_arenot_._arenthere.(they)7.Ihaveabeautifulcat._nameisMimi.Thesecakesare_.(it),they,their,our,we,theirs,Theirs,its,its,1、单数你他我，复数一二三，道歉我为先.,一.人称代词,1.我、你、他、都18岁。_2.你们、我们、他们都来自中国。_.,You,heandIare18.,We,youandtheyarefromChina,2、在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not后多用宾格.,IlikeEnglish._too.A.IB.HeC.Me,1.Whobrokethewindow?Not_.A.IB.heC.her2.MissLiinvited_havedinnerwithher.A.meandyouB.youandIC.youandme3.Whotaught_Englishlastterm?A.themB.theirC.they,1Isthis_book?AYouBICsheDyour2Itsabird._nameisPolly.AItsBItsCHisDIt3Whatsthat?_ajeep.AitsBItsCItsDits4WhatsthatinEnglish?_.AItseggBThatseggCItsaeggDItsanegg,练习一、用所给词的适当形式填空1.Thatisnot_kite.Thatkiteisverysmall,but_isverybig.(I)2.Thedressis_.Giveitto_.(she)3._dressesarered.(we)Whatcolourare_?(you)4._ismybrother._nameisJack.Look!Thosestampsare_.(he),my,mine,her,hers,He,His,Our,his,yours,一、选出括号中正确的词，在正确的词上打勾。Thisis（my/I）mother.2.Nicetomeet（your/you）.3.（He/His）nameisMark.4.Whats（she/her）name?5.Excuse（me/my/I）.,Exercises：正确的代词形式填空。,1._amPeter._momisateacher.(my)2._isatallboy._nameisJim.(He)3.Thatisntacat._(It/They)isadog.4._arefromBritain.Whats_name?(you).5._isnew.Whats_name?(her)6._arestudents.(you),I,My,He,His,It,You,your,She,her,They,1.这是你的狗。这只狗是你的。2.这是她的汉堡包。这个汉堡包是她的。3.这是他的猫。这只猫是他的。4.这些是我们的香蕉。这些香蕉是我们的。5.这是他们的汽车。这辆汽车是他们的。,Thisisherhamburger.Thishamburgerishers.,Thisisyourdog.Thisdogisyours.,Thisishiscat.Thiscatishis.,Theseareourbananas.Thesebananasareours.,Thisistheircar.Thiscaristheirs.,练习二、单项选择。()1.Myunclegaveanewbiketo_.A.theirsB.theyC.meD.I()2.Thisisaphotoof_family.MayIhaveoneof_?A.yours;myB.my;yoursC.your;myD.yours;mine()3.Heresapostcardforyou,Jim!Oh,_isfromMary.A.heB.itC.sheD.its,B,B,C,4、Give_（她）atoy,please.5、_(你们的)eyesareblack._（你们）comefromJapan.6、TimandBillaretwins._（他们）arefromEngland.Show_（他们）around_(我们的)school.,her,Your,You,They,them,our,三.反身代词,myself,ourselves,yourself,yourselves,himself,themselves,herself,itself,Themanisrich,hecanbuy_alotofthings.A.heB.hisC.himself2.-Whatalovelycard!Wheredidyoubuyit?-Imadeitby_.A.meB.myselfC.itself3.“Help_tosomechicken,”mymothersaidtotheguests.A.yourselfB.yourselvesC.your,few/afewhundredsB.hundreds;hundredsC.hundreds;hundred,oneoclock,tenpasttwo,halfpastthree,twentytofive,aquarterpastfive,aquartertoseven,sevenfifty,表示在几点钟用介词at,四.数词的表示法时间,1.Itsalready7:40now.Whenwillthefilmstart?_.Westillhavefiveminutes.A.AquartertosevenB.Sevenpastforty-fiveC.Aquartertoeight,(1)序数词作定语，前面要加the；ThefirsttruckiscarryingafoodbasketJohnlivesonthefifteenthfloorSheismyfirstEnglishteacher.(2)有时加a/an，“再一”，“又一”的意思WellhavetodoitasecondtimeShallIaskhimathirdtime？WhenIsatdown，afourthmanrosetospeakTheyhadasecondchildin1988,序数词的用法,1.Infigures(数字),amillionis_.,A.10,000B.100,000C.1,000,000D.100,000,000,15,分子基数词分母序数词,onefifth,27,分子1分母+s,twosevenths,14,分子a分母quarter,aquarter,34,threequarters,12,ahalf,13,threeandonethird,3,基数词+and+分数,四.数词的表示法分数百分数,1/21/31/424/253/43,threefourths/threequarters,onethird/athird,twenty-fourtwenty-fifths,threeandsixsevenths,onequarter/aquarter/onefourth,ahalf,Canyoureadafraction?,1.Theaccidenthappenedon_.A.April5,2001B.2001,April5C.April2001,52.Iwasborn_.A.inMarch8,1993B.onJuly9,1994C.onMay,1995,冠词,不定冠词：a、an,定冠词：the,零冠词：不用冠词,不定冠词:表示名词不特定者,定冠词:表示名词为特定者,特指:特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物,泛指:是指首次提到的，不限定的人或事物。,不定冠词a、an1、泛指某一类人或事物中的一个或一类。如：Anelephantismuchheavierthanahorse.Hisfatherisataxidriver.2、用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。Ihavereadthebookstwice,butIwanttoreadathirdtime.3、a/an的区别a用在辅音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前，an用在元音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前。特殊词：ausualboy;ausefulbook;auniversity;aonelegdoganhonestboy;anhour;anhonoran“a,e,i,o,f,h,l,m,n,r,s,x”,ExerciseIhave_apple.Hehas_orange.Thisis_egg.Jimis_honestboyandheis_universitystudent.4.Doyouhave_computer?5.Thereis_carinfrontofthehouse.Englishis_usefullanguage.Heis_unhappyboy.Myfatherwillcomebackin_hour.Thereis_beautifulflower.Thereis_“u”and_“s”intheword“use”Pleasetake_seatandhave_rest,anan,an,ana,a,a,a,an,an,a,aanaa,定冠词the的用法1.第二次提到Thisisanapple.Theappleismine.2.特指Theboyinredismybrother.3.用在独一无二的名词前地球thesun太阳/themoon月亮/theearth4.用在最高级前theyoungest/themostbeautiful5.用在序数词前thefirst/thesecond/thethird/thefourth6.用在西洋乐器前playthepiano/theguitar7.The+姓的复数表示一家人TheSmiths/theGreenssmith一家/格林一家8.用在方位名词前或习惯用法inthesouth/ontheright/intheday/intheend,_earthgoesround_sun.Jimis_tallestand_mostinteresting3._manoverthereismyteacher.4.Thereis_orangeonthetable._orangeismine.5.Iliveon_twelfthfloor.6._GreatWallis_oldestbuilding.7.Ihave_aunt._auntis_doctor.8.Inthisexam,heis_second.Jimis_boy.Heis_Americanboy._YellowRiverisoneof_longestrivers.Beijingisin_northofChina,Thethe,thethe,The,anthe,the,Thethe,anthea,the,aan,Thethethe,三:零冠词的几种情况:1.不可数名词，复数名词前表泛指Horsesareusefulanimals.2.季节、节日、星期、三餐等之前，一般不加冠词。（除了特指某年的季节等）onSunday;havelunch;onthespringof20093.球类、棋类、学科等名称前，一般不加冠词。playfootball;playchessIlikestudyingEnglish。4.称呼、头衔、职务等表示抽象性质的名词前，不加冠词。Doctor,Iamnotfeelingwell.5.中国乐器前不加冠词。playerhu;playpiba6.在与by连用交通工具名称前不加冠词。bycar;bytrain,.冠词填空：在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词，不需用冠词处划。1Thereis_pictureof_elephanton_wall2Thisis_usefulbookIvereaditfor_hour3_elephantismuchheavierthan_horse4_doctortoldhimtotake_medicinethreetimes_day5Letsgooutfor_walk6ItstoohotOpen_door，please7Thereis_womanoverthere_womanisMeimeismother8_sunrisesin_east9_ChangjiangRiveris_longestriverin_China10Areyougoingtodoit_secondtime？11Washingtonis_capitalof_USA,a,an,the,a,an,An,a,The,the,a,a,The,The,a,the,The,The,the,/,a,the,the,7、固定搭配atfirstatlastatnoonathome首先最后在中午在家onfootinbedinhospitalgotoschool步行躺在床上住院上学1.Doyoulikeplaying_soccer?2.Iusuallyhave_milkfor_breakfast3.Wewillgototheparkon_Monday.4.Myunclelivesin_Americanow.5.Leavesturnyellowin_autumn.6.Wecangoswimmingon_Sundayin_summer.7.March8this_WomensDay.8.Hisfatherisillin_hospital.,/,1.Thisis_orange,_orangeisorange2.Englishis_usefullanguage.3.Mybrotheris_usualboybut_honestboy.4.Heisholding_umbrella.5._maninredishisfather.Hesat_dinner6.Whois_strongestand_mostfriendly?7._girloverthereis_universitystudent.8.Ihave_cat._catsnameisMimi.9.Mondayis_seconddayofaweek.10_sunisbiggerthan_moon11.Ilikeplaying_basketballand_piano.12.Hewasbornin_May.13.Isaw_oldmanpassbyand_oldmanlookedsad.,antheaaananThe/thetheTheaaThetheThethe/the/anthe,形容词、副词,一.形容词的用法,二.副词的用法,三.形容词、副词比较等级,用以修饰名词，表示事物的特征的词。e.g.long,empty,cheap,hungry,etc.,什么叫形容词?,在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等成分,1、形容词的用法,1.ManylocalpeopleinLeshanprefertogoto_inMountEmeifortheirsummerholiday.,A.somewherecoldB.coldsomewhereC.somewherecoolD.coolsomewhere,2.Canyoutellme_aboutyourfriends?,A.somethingdifferentB.differentanythingC.differentsomething,3.Ihave_todotoday.,A.anythingimportantB.somethingimportantC.importantnothingD.importantsomething,一、形容词的用法,1、形容词+名词,2、连系动词(be,look,feel,taste,sound,smell,get,turn等)+形容词,abeautifulgirl,Yourmotherlookshappytoday.,3、something，anything等不定代词+形容词,Icantsee_(其他的东西),anythingelse,4、the+形容词（表示一类人或物）,Therichshouldhelpthepoor,构成方法原级比较级最高级,一般在词尾加-er或-est,以字母e结尾的，加-r或-st,以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，要先双写这一字母，再加-er或-est,以辅音字母加y结尾的，先把y变成i，再加-er或-est,单音节词和部分双音节词,双音节词和多音节词,在形容词、副词前加more或most。,tall,long,taller,longer,tallest,longest,nice,late,nicer,later,nicest,latest,big,thin,bigger,thinner,biggest,thinnest,happyheavy,happierheavier,happiestheaviest,beautifulcarefulexpensiveinterestingdangerous,morebeautifulmorecarefulmoreexpensivemoreinterestingmoredangerous,Grammar,mostbeautifulmostcarefulmostexpensivemostinterestingmostdangerous,3、形容词，副词比较等级的用法,25.Damelplayschess_,ifnotbetterthan,David.,A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.notwellas,tallerharderlargerwider,tallesthardestlargestwidest,biggerhotterfatterwetter,biggesthottestfattestwettest,happierdrierearlier,happiestdriestearliest,narrowercleverer,narrowestcleverest,moredifficultmorepopularmoreslowly,mostdifficultmostpopularmostslowly,少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词可加-er或-est,规则变化,52.Englishisoneof_imporantsubjectsinourschool.,A.mostB.themostC.moreD.muchmore,54.Ofalltheballgames,Ilikebaseball_.itsreallymyfavorite.,A.wellB.goodC.betterD.best,二、不规则变化：（需记忆）,原形比较级最高级,goodwellbadillmanymuchlittleoldfar,betterworsemorelessolderelderfartherfurther,bestworstmostleastoldesteldestfarthestfurthest,Grammar,28.SomepeoplethinkthatCD-ROMswillsoonbe_books.,A.asmorepopularthanB.themostpopularthanC.sopopularasD.morepopularthan,29.AmymakesfewermistakesthanFrank.Shedoesherhomework_.,A.morecarefullyB.morecarelesslyC.morecarefulD.morecareless,句型转换：1.Tomistall.Jimisshort.(比较级合并)Tomis_Jim.2.Myhairislong.Maryshairislonger.(合并成一句)Maryshair_mine.3.PedroisthinnerthanSam.(改为同义句)Samis_Pedro.4.Mysisterisbetteratstudythanme.Sheisclever.(改为同义句)Mysisteris_intellectual(聪明的)thanmeatstudy.5.Peterisfunny.Paulisfunny,too.(合并成一句)Peteris_funny_Paul.,taller,than,is,longer,than,fatter/heavier,than,more,as,as,用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或名词词组及句子的词。e.g.,什么叫副词?,very,early,out,soon,quickly,etc.,1.副词的作用:用来修饰动词.形容词.其它副词.全句或名词词组及句子,二、副词,二、副词用法,1、动词+副词,动词后如有宾语，副词放在宾语后面,ShespeaksEnglish_.(well,good),2、quitea+形容词+名词,a+very/rather+形容词+名词,一个相当不错的女孩,quiteagoodgirl,avery/rathergoodgirl,副词的分类,时间副词yesterday,then,later,just,soon,first,finally,never,seldom,often地点副词here,there,home,anywhere,everywhere,somewhere,above,down,back方式副词carefully,clearly,easily程度副词very,quite,rather疑问副词when,how,why连接副词however句子副词certainly,generally,surely,三、形容词变副词,1、一般加-ly,careful-slow-,carefully,slowly,2、辅音字母加-y结尾，变y为i再加-ly,happy-heavy-,happily,heavily,3、-ly结尾，但为形容词的词,lovely,lively,lonely,friendly,Morepractice3,()1.DoeshespeakEnglish_hisfather?A.asgoodasB.aswellasC.bestthanD.asbetteras()2.Peteris_thanhisuncle.A.morefatterB.fatterC.fatD.veryfat()3.Tomis_thanI.A.olderfiveyearsB.fiveyearsolderC.fiveyearselderD.oldestbyfiveyears()4.Thismathsproblemis_thatone.A.notsoeasyasB.moreeasythanC.aseasierasD.easythan()5.TheSummerPalaceis_thanalltheotherparksinBeijinganditis_parkinBeijing.A.beautiful,beautifulB.morebeautiful,morebeautifulC.mostbeautiful,themostbeautifulD.morebeautiful,themostbeautiful,B,B,B,A,D,介词的种类,一.表示时间介词,三.表示方位介词,二.表示地点介词,四.表示方法、手段,五.常见介词的搭配,介词1.是一种用来表示:词与词,:词与句之间的关系的词。2.在句中不能单独作句子成分介词后面一般有:名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。,介词的含义,on,down,under,up,below,over,above,bewteen,什么是介词？它的作用是什么？,1.Lookatme.()2.Hegoestoschoolbybike.()3.Heisinterestedindrawing.()4.Thebookisonthedesk.(),代词,名词,动名词,介词:通常用在_、_、_之前，表示某个人、事物/东西、事件与另一个之间的_。,名词,代词,名词,动名词,关系,介词的主要分类：,1.atthecinema,inthehospital_2.Writewithapen,gobybus_3.insummer,onSeptemper1st_4.bytheway,atlast,intheend_,地点介词,方式介词,时间介词,固定搭配,一.时间介词,1.,注意：atnoon在中午atnight在夜间inthemorning在早上onthemorningofJuly1st在七月一日的早上onarainyday在雨天,1.MaryisflyingtoFrancesoon.ShewillarriveinParis_themorningofJuly9.A.onB.inC.at2.Thetwinswereborn_aFridayevening.A.inB.onC.at3.WetravelledovernighttoParisandarrived_5oclock_themorning.A.on,inB.at,inC.at,in4.Wefinishourlessons_11:30andthenhavearest_noon.A.in,inB.at,atC.in,at,二.地点介词,1.on在的上面,与表面接触over在的正上方,不接触表面under在下面(是on,over的反义词)1.Look!Thereisabridge_theriver.A.onB.overC.above2.Canyouseetheegg_theplate?A.onB.inC.over3.Thelight_usisverybright.A.overB.underC.on,3.in+大地方at+小地方on+门牌，某层楼1.Myunclelive_F12_thefifthfloor.A.at,onB.in,onC.on,at2.Theyarrived_Beijingat12:00andwaitedforabus_thestationtothehotel.A.at,inB.in,onC.in,at,2.,1.Weare_TeamOne.Isit_thefrontoftheclassroom.LiPingis_myleft.A.on,in,atB.in,in,atC.in,at,on2.Ihaveagoodseat.Isit_thebus.A.inthefrontofB.infrontof3.Theteacherisstanding_ourclassandgiveatalk.A.inthefrontofB.infrontof,1.in在某范围之内to相距on与某地相邻、接壤1.Chinalies_theeastofAsiaand_thenorthofAustralia.A.in,onB.in,toC.to,in2.Mongoliais_thenorthofChina.A.inB.onC.to,三.方位介词,动词,动词分类动词变形动词时态被动语态动词的非谓语形式动词用法辨析,二、按动词的形式可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词,1、谓语动词(如下),与主语在人称一致,与主语在人称一致,表示动作发生的时间,主语是动作的发生者或者承受者,说话人表达事实、要求、愿望等,Iamreadingnow.第一人称,Hewriteswell.第三人称单数,Hewrotealettertomelastmonth.过去时态,WestudyEnglish.主动Theroadwasfilledwithrubbish.被动,HehasflowntoAmerica.事实IwishIcouldflytothemoonsomeday.愿望,动词的种类,种类,1.系动词,2.助动词,3.情态动词,4.实义动词,注：有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词，例如：Wearehavingameeting（having是实义动词）HehasgonetoNewYork.（has是助动词。）3）动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类：1.及物动词（vt.）2.不及物动词（vi.）,5.Be动词,一、按词义和句中的作用，动词可以分为四类,系动词,也叫连系动词。系动词本身有含义，但它不能单独做谓语，后面必须接表语，用来说明主语的状况、性质、特征等。一起构成主系表结构。,你还记得什么是表语吗？,表语：由形容词、名词、介词短语担任,系动词,我们所学过的系动词是变成类get，turn，become，make感观动词look，sound，smell，taste，feel似乎类seemappear保持类staykeep系动词只和形容词连用，构成系表结构Ifeelhungry.Thedaygetslongerandlonger.Helookedhappy.,系动词,be动词：最常用的系动词Sheisbeautiful.Iamastudent.Theyareintheclassroom.表示感受的“感官动词”：look,taste,smell,sound,feel感官动词+adj.：Hefeelscold.become,turn,get,Be动词用法口诀,I是am,you是are,is前面三个他（她，它）其它复数都用aream,iswas过去式/arewere过去式/,助动词的概念,助动词,1.一般本身没有独立的实际意义，不能单独作谓语,2.通常帮助实义动词并与实义动词一起构成谓语,3.助动词与实义动词连用，表示时态、语态、语气等，或构成陈述句、疑问句和否定。,5.2什么是助动词1）协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如：HedoesntlikeEnglish.doesnt是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)2）助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：表示时态，例如：Heissinging.Hehasgotmarried.表示语态，例如：HewassenttoEngland.构成疑问句，例如：Doyoulikecollegelife?DidyoustudyEnglishbeforeyoucamehere?与否定副词not合用，例如：Idontlikehim.加强语气，Docometothepartytomorrowevening.Hedidknowthat.3）最常用的助动词有：be,have,do,shall,will,should,would,助动词的几种形式,do/dont/（现）does/doesnt（第三）did/didntwill/wonthave,havent（现）has,hasnt（第三）hadhadnt（过）,助动词,二、语法特征,情态动词不能单独作谓语。除ought和have外，情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式，也就是动词原形；情态动词除haveto以外，没有人称和数的变化；有一些情态动词如can,will等有现在式和过去式；但情态动词的“时态”形式并没有很强的时间理念，很多情况下情态动词的现在式和过去式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。,情态动词,1.can/beableto：能够2.may：可以3.must/haveto：不得不4.will：愿意5.shall/oughtto：应该6.had/better：最好7.need：需要8.dare：敢于,情态动词,四、情态动词的否定式,情态动词的否定式一般是在它们的后面加否定词not构成。见下表：,五、常用情态动词的用法,1.can和could,1)can的主要用法：表示体力或脑力的主观的能力(ability)。如：Thegirlcandanceverywell.表示说话者的推测事物的可能性(possibility)。如：Canthenewsbetrue?在口语中,can可以表示请求或允许(requestorpermission)。如：CanIsithere?,40.IfIhadtime,I_gowithyou.A.canB.willC.mayD.might,2.might和may,1)may的主要用法：比can较为正式，表示请求和允许（requestandp