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CHAPTERIANINTRODUCTIONTOOLDANDMEDIEVALENGLISHLITERATUREFROMWHICHLINGRINGPENANCEOFSUCHMISERYDOTHSHECUTMEOFF”1IDENTIFYTHETITLEOFTHEWORKSANDAUTHOR2EXPLAIN“FROMWHICHCUTMEOFF”3WHATHAPPENEDTOHIM,WHICHCAUSEDTHEWORDS参考答案THELINESAREFROM“THEMERCHANTOFVENICE”,WILLIAMSHAKESPEAREP482THISSENTENCEMEANSSHE,LADYFORTUNE命运女神,ISMOREKINDTOHIMBECAUSESHEISTAKINGAWAYBOTHHISWEALTHANDLIFE3THESPEAKERISANTONIO,ITSSAIDTHATHISSHIPHAVEALLBEENLOST,ANDHEISPENNILESS,ANDWILLHAVETOPAYTHEPOUNDOFFLESHBECAUSESHYLOCKHASMADEASTRANGEBONDTHATREQUIRESANTONIOTOPAYHIMAPOUNDOFFLESHIFHECANTREPAYHIMTHEMONEYTHATHEBORROWEDFORHISFRIENDINDUETIMEP382“READNOTTOCONTRACTANDCONFUSE,NOTTOBELIEVEANDTAKEFORGRANTED,NORTOFINDTALKANDDISCOURSE,BUTTOWEIGHANDCONSIDER”1IDENTIFYTHEWORKANDAUTHOR2WHATIDEADOESTHEPASSAGEEXPRESS参考答案1THESENTENCECOMESFROM“OFSTUDIES”WRITTENBYFRANCISBACONP612THESENTENCETALKSABOUTTHEPROPERWAYTOREADWHENYOUREAD,DONTBEPUZZLEDBYTHECONTENTOFTHEBOOKDONTTAKEITFORGRANTEDDONTQUOTETOOMUCHFROMTHEBOOKBEFOREACCEPTINGITSIDEA,YOUDBETTERTHINKABOUTITSSHORTCOMINGSANDCONSIDERITFROMALLSIDES3“NORLOSEPOSSESSIONOFTHATFAIRTHOUOWSTNORSHALLDEATHBRAGTHOUWANDERSTINHISSHADE,WHENINETERNALLINESTOTIMETHOUGROWSTSOLONGASMENCANBREATHE,OREYESCANSEE,SOLONGLIVESTHIS,ANDTHISGIVESLIFETOTHEE1WHEREDOESTHEPOEMCOMESFROMWHOWROTEITWHATDOES“ETERNALLINES”MEANINTERPRETITBRIEFLY参考答案1THEPOEMIS“SHALLICOMPARETHEETOASUMMERSDAY”,BYSHAKESPEAREP382ETERNALLINESMEANSTHELINESOFTHEPOEMANDOTHERSONNETSP383ITMEANSYOUWILLNOTLOSEYOURBEAUTY,ANDDEATHWILLNOTTHREATENYOUWITHDARKNESS,EITHERASLONGASMANCANLIVEINTHEWORLD,THEYWILLSEEYOURBEAUTYINMYLINESOFMYPOEM,WHICHHASGIVENYOUETERNALLIFEORANICESUMMERSDAYISUSUALLYTRANSIENT,BUTTHEBEAUTYINPOETRYCANLASTFOREVERP374“ALLISNOLOSTTHEUNCONQUERABLEWILL,ANDSTUDYOFREVENGE,IMMORTALHATE,ANDCOURAGENEVERTOSUBMITORYIELDANDWHATISELSENOTTOBEOVERCOMEIRRECONCILABLETOOURGRANDFOE”1PLEASEIDENTIFYTHEPOEMANDTHEPOET2INTERPRET“ALLISNOTLOST”3WHATDOESTHEWHOLEPASSAGEMEAN参考答案1ITISTAKENFROMJOHNMILTONS“PARADISELOST”P742“ALLISNOTLOST”ISTHEWORDFROMSATANSATANANDOTHERANGELSREBELAGAINSTGOD,BUTTHEYAREDRIVENFROMHEAVENINTOHELLINTHEFIREOFTHEHELL,SATANISDETERMINEDTOFIGHTBACK,JUSTLIKEWHATHESAYSNOTALLISLOST,THEUNCONQUERABLEWILL,THEDEEPHATRED,ANDTHECOURAGETOFIGHTTILLDEATHSTILLREMAINP713THISPASSAGESHOWSSATANSWILLNOTTOSUBMIT服从,ANDTHEDESIRETOLONGFORFREEDOMTOBEGGODFORMERCYANDWORSHIPHISPOWERISMORESHAMEFULANDDISGRACEFULTHANTHEDOWNFALLP715“IFHEBENOTAPTTOBEATOVERMATTERS,LETHIMSTUDYTHELAWYERSCASESSOEVERYDEFECTOFTHEMINDMAYHAVEASPECIALRECEIPT”QUESTIONS3WHATDOES“BEATOVERMATTERS”MEAN4WHATDOES“RECEIPTREFERTO5FROMWHICHESSAYDOESTHEABOVESENTENCESCOME,WHATISTHEESSAYMAINLYABOUT参考答案1ITMEANSMAKETHROUGHEXAMINATIONSOFTHINGSP632“RECEIPT”REFERSTOCURE,PRESCRIPTIONP633THESENTENCESAREFROM“OFSTUDIES”FRANCISBACONITISTHEMOSTPOPULAROFBACONSESSAYSITANALYZESWHATSTUDIESCHIEFLYSERVEFOR,THEDIFFERENTWAYSADOPTEDBYDIFFERENTPEOPLETOPURSUESTUDIES,ANDHOWSTUDIESEXERTINFLUENCEOVERHUMANCHARACTERP60616“WHAT,ISGREATMEPHISTOPHILISTOPASSIONATEFORBEINGDEPRIVEDOFTHEJOYSOFHEAVENLEARNTHOUOFFAUSTUSMANLYFORTITUDEANDSCORNTHOSEJOYSTHOUNEVERSHALTPOSSESSSAYHEWILLSPAREHIMFOURANDTWENTYYEARSLETTINGHIMLIVEINALLVOLUPTUOUSNESSHAVINGTHEEEVERTOATTENDONMEQUESTIONS1IDENTIFYTHEPASSAGEANDAUTHOR2“SAYHESURRENDERSUPTOHIMHISSOUL”,WHOWILLSURRENDERHISSOULWHATFOR3WHOARETHEEWHATWILLHEDO参考答案1THEPASSAGECOMESFROM“DRFAUSTUS”WRITTENBYCHRISTOPHERMARLOWEP25262DRFAUSTUSWILLSURRENDERHISSOULTODEVILBECAUSEHEWASAGREATSCHOLARWHOHASASTRONGDESIRETOGETKNOWLEDGEINVAIN,FINALLYHEMADEABONDTOSELLHISSOULTODEVILINRETURNFOR24YEARSOFLIFEINWHICHHEMAYGETANYTHINGHEDESIRESP223THE“THEE”,REFERSTO“MEPHISTOPHILIS”,THEDEVILSSERVANTHEHELPEDDRFAUSTUSTODOANYTHINGHEWANTSP227“BUSYOLDFOOL,UNRULYSUN,WHYDOESTHOUTHUS,THROUGHWINDOWSANDTHROUGHCURTAINSCALLONUS”QUESTIONS6IDENTIFYTHEWORKANDAUTHOR7WHATIDEADOESTHEPASSAGEEXPRESS参考答案1THEPASSAGECOMESFROM“THESUNRISING”,WRITTENBYJOHNDONNEP662THESPEAKERQUESTIONSTHESUNSAUTHORITYANDSPEAKSCONDESCENDINGLY,PLACINGTHESUNINTHESTATUSOFASUBORDINATEINTHELOVERSKINGDOM,THESUNHASNORIGHTTODICTATETHETIMEOFDAYORTHEPASSINGOFSEASONSHISPRESENCEINTHEIRBEDCHAMBERISANINTRUSIONONTHEIRPRIVACYIIIQUESTIONSANDANSWERS1HOWDOYOUKNOWABOUTRENAISSANCEGIVEASUMMERYABOUTENGLISHLITERATUREINTHEPERIOD参考答案1THERENAISSANCEREFERSTOTHEPERIODBETWEEN14THMID17THCENTURYITFIRSTSTARTEDINITALY2THERENAISSANCEMEANSREBIRTHORREVIVALTHEDISCOVERYOFANCIENTROMANANDGREEKCULTURE3INESSENCE,THERENAISSANCEISAHISTORICALPERIODINWHICHTHEEUROPEANHUMANISTTHINKERSANDSCHOLARSTRIEDTOGETRIDOFTHEOLDFEUDALISTIDEASINMEDIEVALEUROPE,TOINTRODUCENEWIDEASTHATEXPRESSEDTHEINTERESTSOFTHERISINGBOURGEOISIE/MIDDLECLASS,ANDTORECOVERTHEPURITYOFTHEEARLYCHURCHFROMTHECORRUPTIONOFROMANCATHOLICCHURCH4HUMANISMISTHEESSENCEOFRENAISSANCEMANISTHEMEASUREOFALLTHINGSTHEHUMANISMEXALTED/PRAISEDHUMANNATUREANDEMPHASIZEDTHEDIGNITYOFHUMANBEINGSANDTHEPRESENTLIFETHEYTHOUGHTMANHADTHERIGHTTOENJOYTHEBEAUTYOFLIFEANDHADTHEABILITYTOPERFECTHIMSELFANDMADEWONDERS,WHICHGOTREADYFORTHEAPPEARANCEOFTHEGREATELIZABETHANWRITERSINBRITAINPOETRYANDDRAMAWERETHEMOSTOUTSTANDINGLITERARYFORMS5SHAKESPEARE,MARLOWEANDFRANCISBACONETCWERETHERE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DIDACTICANDMORALIZINGHAVINGFIXEDLAWSANDRULESFOREVERYTYPEOFTHELITERATUREAMONGWHICHPROSEANDTHEMODERNENGLISHNOVELPREDOMINATEDTHEAGEATTHEENDOFTHEAGESENTIMENTALISMANDGOTHICNOVELAPPEARED6THEAGEWASANIMPORTANTAGEWITHTHEREMARKABLEAUTHORSPOPE,DEFOE,ETC2PLEASECITEEXAMPLESFROM“GULLIVERSTRAVELS“TOEXPLAINBRIEFLYHOWDIDSWIFTCRITICIZEDANDALLUDETOTHEGOVERNMENTANDTHESOCIETY参考答案1INTHEFIRSTPARTOFTHE“GULLIVERSTRAVELS“,SWIFTDESCRIBEDTHETRICKSANDPRACTICESINTHECOMPETITIONHELDBEFOREROYALMEMBERSTOALLUDETOTHEFACTTHATTHESUCCESSOFTHEOFFICIALSWASNOTFORTHEIRWISDOMANDEXCELLENCEBUTFORTHEIRSKILLSINTHEGAMES2INTHEPART4OFTHEBOOK,SWIFTMADEHORSESWITHREASONANDGOODQUALITIESTHECITIZENSWHOARE“HAIRY,WILD,LOWANDDESPICABLEBRUTES,WHORESEMBLEHUMANBEINGSNOTONLYINAPPEARANCEBUTALSOINALMOSTEVERYWAY“TOCRITICIZE/SATIRIZEALLRESPECTSOFTHEENGLISHANDEUROPEANLIFE,ANDURGEPEOPLETOCONSIDERTHENATUREOFTHEHUMANANDLIFEP1081093PEOPLEALWAYSSAYTHAT“ASAMEMBEROFTHEMIDDLECLASS,DEFOESPOKEFORANDTOTHEMEMBERSOFHISCLASS“HOWDOYOUUNDERSTANDTHISSENTENCEPLEASEEXPLAINITWITHTHECHARACTEROFHIM参考答案1INMOSTOFHISWORKS,DEFOEGAVEHISPRAISETOTHEHARDWORKING,STURDYMIDDLECLASSANDSHOWEDHISSYMPATHYFORTHELOWERCLASSPEOPLEROBINSONCRUSOEWASSUCHACHARACTER2ROBISONGOESOUTTOSEA,GETSSHIPWRECKEDANDMAROONED/LANDEDONALONELYISLAND,STRUGGLESTOLIVEFOR24YEARSTHEREANDFINALLYISSAVEDBYASHIPANDRETURNSTOENGLANDDURINGTHEPERIODROBINSONLEADSAHARSHANDLONELYLIFEANDSURVIVESBYGROWINGCORPS,TAMINGANIMALS,ETCGROWINGFROMANAIVEYOUNGMANINTOAHARDENEDMAN3WITHAGREATCAPACITYFORWORK,INEXHAUSTIBLEENERGY精力充沛,COURAGEANDPERSISTENCEINOVERCOMINGDIFFICULTIES（在克服困难方面持之以恒）,INSTRUGGLINGAGAINSTNATURE,CRUSOEBECOMESTHEPROTOTYPE/REPRESENTATIVEOFTHEEMPIREBUILDER,THEPIONEERCOLONIST（他是大英帝国缔造者的完美典范，同时也是殖民者的先驱）4INTHENOVEL,DEFOEGLORIFIEDHUMANLABORANDTHEPURITANFORTITUDEWHICHTHEMIDDLECLASSPRAISEDHIGHLY,SOHECANBEREGARDEDASASPOKESMANOFTHEBOURGEOISP98100CHAPTER3THEROMANTICPERIODICHOOSETHERIGHTANSWER1THEROMANTICMOVEMENTEXPRESSEDAMOREORLESS_ATTITUDETOWARDTHEEXISTINGSOCIALANDPOLITICALCONDITIONSAPOSITIVEBNEGATIVECNEUTRALDINDIFFERENTANSWERBP1602ITIS_WHOESTABLISHEDTHECULTOFTHEINDIVIDUALANDCHAMPIONEDTHEFREEDOMOFTHEHUMANSPIRITAJEANJACQUESROUSSEAUBJOHANNWOLFGANGVONGOETHECEDMUNDBURKEDTHOMASPAINEANSWERAP1573THETWOMAJORNOVELISTSOFTHEENGLISHROMANTICPERIODARE_ANDWALTERSCOTTAWASHINGTONIRVINGBJANEAUSTENCHERMANMELVILLEDCHARLESDICKENSANSWERBP1654_DEFINESTHEPOETAS“MANSPEAKINGTOMEN,“ANDPOETRYAS“THESPONTANEOUSOVERFLOWOFPOWERFULFEELINGS,WHICHORIGINATESINEMOTIONRECOLLECTEDINTRANQUILITY“AWILLIAMBLAKEBWILLIAMWORDSWORTHCSAMUELTAYLORCOLERIDGEDJOHNKEATSANSWERBP1615FORTHEROMANTICS,_ISNOTONLYTHEMAJORSOURCEOFPOETICIMAGERY,BUTALSOPROVIDESTHEDOMINANTSUBJECTMATTERALOVEBMANCNATUREDDEATHANSWERCP1626INTHEROMANTICPERIOD,_ISTHEMOSTPROSPEROUSLITERARYFORMAPROSEBPOETRYCFICTIONDPLAYANSWERBP1617THETONEOFLITERATUREIN“SONGOFEXPERIEN