人教版英语七年级上册教材详解.doc

人教版英语七年级上册教材详解Unit 1 1、How are you? 你好吗？ How is he ? 他好吗？Im fine. = Im OK. = Im very well. (fine, OK, well 都是形容词，表身体好的)2、Whats this in English？Its a ruler. ( in English 用英语) Spell it, please. = How do you spell it ？请拼写出来-U-L-E-R.3、问颜色：What color is it ? - Its black and white. What color are they ? -They are red.4、问姓名：Whats your/ her/ his name ? 5、人称代词、物主代词人称代词主格宾格物主代词形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词我Ime我的mymine我们Weus我们的ourours你/你们Youyou你/你们的youryours他Hehim他的hishis她Sheher她的herhers它Itit它的itsits他们Theythem他们的theirtheirs人称代词：表“某人”，分主格、宾格（作主语为主格，常放句首；作宾语为宾格，常放动词或介词后作宾语）如： I can help you Can you help me.物主代词：表“某人的”，可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词后必须接宾语，名词性物主代词后不接宾语。如This is my book.= This book is mine. 变化规则：一变(mymine); 二留(hishis itsits)三加s(youryours ; ourours ; herhers ; theirtheirs)练习题： am a 14-year-old girl, name is Jane. Look, this photo is . father is a teacher. works in a primary school. students all love . mother is a doctor. works in a hospital. both love jobs. I have a happy family. Do you have a family photo ? Please talk about . Unit 2 1、指示代词：this , that , these , those. 其中this , that一般与可数名词的单数连用或代替单数名词，而不与不可数名词连用。these, those 接复数名词或代替复数名词（但that可单独指代不可数名词）。练习题 This apple is mine, is yours. These my apples and yours. The weather here is hotter than in Hainan. My books are different from on your desk. 2、一般疑问句，用yes或no 来回答的问句。动词be 提前，some 改any There are some students in the room. there students in the room?情态动词（can, could, would, should, may, must等表语气）提前He can speak English. he speak English ?使用助动词（do/does/did）来帮助实义动词构成问句。后接动词原形，some 改any. He has some friends. he friends.【注意】一般情况下，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句、疑问句、条件状语从句（但表请求、建议,希望得到对方的肯定的回答的问句中可用some，此类句型常以could , would开头）题：Would you like tea ? Could you take tea to me .3、特殊疑问句：以疑问词开始的问句。其结构特点有： 疑问词+ be + 主语 ？Who are you ?What is your name ?What is your favorite subject ?Where is the baseball ? How much is it ?When is your birthday ? 疑问词+ 助动词+ 主语 + 谓语动词 + (其他)？What kind of movie do you like ?What time do you usually get up ?Why do you like art ?4、助动词do/ does / did 的用法: 帮助对实义动词提问或否定, 后接动词原形。 Do/Does/Did. like/have/go/want/think/play.? (喜欢吗？有吗？去吗？.) dont / doesnt/ didnt like/have/go/want/think/play(不喜欢、没有、不去、不想) 5、短语 ： call sb. at + 电话号 ： Please call me 5689000. Unit 3 1、介绍他人, 人称关系词This is my mother / father / brother/ friend /sister/uncle/ daughter/ son.2、指示代词 this , that , these , those 的用法。Those are my two brothers. And thats my sister. 3、短语：Thanks for (doing) sth. = Thank you for (doing ) sth. 谢谢（做）某事。Thanks for .（listen）谢谢收听 Thanks for your letter. 谢谢你的来信。Unit 4 1、 方位介词 on/ in / under 的用法：( on 在 上；in在里； under 在下)My book is on/in/under the desk.2、take, bring, fetch 的用法：take sth. to sb./some place. 把某物拿到某人/某地（take 拿走，从说话者处拿到远处）bring sth. to sb. /some place. 把某物带到某人/某地（bring 带来，从远处带到说话者处）fetch sth for sb. =fetch sb. sth. 为某人去取某物 （先去再回，强调双向） 练习题：Im thirsty. Can you something to drink me?The teacher said “Dont forget to your homework school.”The teacher asked me to his books his office. 3、need 的用法：need to do sth. (用于肯定句，后接动词不定式，当做实义动词)；neednt do sth.(用于否定句后常接动词原形，当做情态动词。)题：She need you. (tell ) She neednt you. (tell)Unit 5 1、have 表“有 吃喝”时是实义动词（有意义的动词），在一般现在时态中，当主语为单数第三人称时，用has, 其他人称用have. 题：She a brother. They bread and milk for breakfast every day. (have)2、 many 和 much 都表“很多”，但many 后接可数名词复数，而much后接不可数名词。题：There are vegetables and milk in the fridge. 3、 let, make, have 当他们表“使”时，是使令动词，后常接动词原形。题： lets home. (go) The movie made me . (cry) I would have him for me. (wait)Unit 6可数名词的复数变化规则：一般加s，大多数可数名词变复数后直接加“s”。如：book books pen pens s; sh; ch; x 结尾加 es 如：bus buses watch watches box boxes “辅+y”结尾变y为i加es 如：baby babies family families 但注意以下几点特殊的：无规则名词：manmen ; womanwomen ; policemanpolicemen；EnglishmanEnglishmenchildchildren；footfeet ; toothteeth mouse(鼠)mice一般以“o”结尾的，加“s”如: photo photos; kilo kilos ；但初中有四个以“o”结尾的可数名词要加“es”即：negro negroes(黑人); hero heroes(英雄)；potatopotatoes(土豆); tomatotomatoes（番茄）一般以f (fe) 结尾则变f(fe)为v加es 如：leaf leaves knife knives；但roof (房顶)直接加s ，即：roof roofs单复同形: fish ; sheep ; deer ; Chinese ; Japanese名词修饰名词，第一个名词充当形容词，所以第一个名词常不用复数形式。如；a book shop two book shops; 但有以下2种特殊情况。由man , woman表性别，修饰可数名词复数时，man和woman 也要用复数形式。 a man doctor two men doctors; a woman teacher two women teacherssport常用复数形式修饰后面的名词 a sports meeting; a sports jacket“某国人”的复数：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面. eg. GermanGermans people , police 常用单数形式表示复数概念 The police are looking for the missing boy.题：( )1.Are those _?-No, they arent. Theyre _.A. sheep ; cows B. sheep ; cowC. sheeps ; cow D. sheeps ; cows( )2.Mum, Im quite thirsty. Please give me _.A. two orange B. two bottles of orangeC. two bottles orange D. two bottles of oranges( )3.I have got _ news from my friend. Do you want to know?A. a very good B. any C. a piece of D. two pieces( )4.Mrs. Green has two _. Theyre very bright.A. childs B. child C. childrens D. children( )5.The cat caught two _ last night.A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices( )6.Jack went to have two _ pulled out yesterday afternoon.A. tooths B. tooth C. teeth D. toothes( )7.In our school there are fifty-five _.A. women teachers B. woman teachers C. women teacher D. womans teacher( )8.The three _ will be put into prison.A. thiefs B. thief C. thieves D. thiefsUnit 71、不定冠词a, an用于可数名词前，都表“一（个、只、张）” a用在辅音音素开头的词前 如：a book； a useful book； a “u” an用于元音音素开头的词前. 如：an apple； an umbrella; an hour； an “F”题：( )1.There is _ “s” in _ word “bus”.A. a ; a B. an ; the C. a ; the D. an ; a( )2.Math is _ useful subject. You cant drop it. A. an B. a C. the D. /2、take 的用法： 拿走：Who has taken my pen ? 买下（同buy）Its ten dollars, Ill take it. 乘，搭车 I take a bus to school. 花费 It takes me ten years to finish the work. 记录 take notes记笔记；take photos照相； take ones temperature 量体温 服（药）(=have) Take this medicine after each meal.【总结】take 短语还有：take/have a bath/shower 洗个澡；take /have a walk 散一散步 take off 脱下，起飞；take away 拿走；take in 吸收；take it easy 别紧张；take out 取出；take over 接管；take place 发生；take up 占据（空间）3、at和in的用法： At 和in 都可以接地名，表在某地。At 后接小地名，in后接大地名。但如果强调在某建筑物内部时，用in. 如：at school, at home, in Beijing, in China, at/in the library.题：Hell arrive Shanghai tomorrow . 4、 at a price 以一种的价格：e got it at a very low/good price. 5、 afford 表“买得起，负担的起”，常与can, be able to, could 等表“能”的情态动词连用。 I can afford a car. He isnt able to afford (to buy)a car. 6、 have a look 看一看 Let me have a look. have a look at 看一看某物 Let me have a look at your watch.7、 on sale （廉价）出售：The clothes are on sale.8、 in + 颜色：We have T-shirts in red/ green. (此处in表“处于某种状态”) Do you know the girl in red ?(此处in 表“穿着”)9、 短语：see for oneself 亲自看：Come and see for yourself.10、for 是一个介词，用法有： 为：I can do anything for you. 给：This letter is for you. 对于 It is important for us to learn English well. 适合于 books for children. (表时间，距离，数量)达，计：Ill stay there for a week.11、help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 （help 后接动词不定式或动词原形）题：She often helps the room. (A. clean B. cleans C. cleaning D. to cleaning )Unit 81、 问生日：When is your birthday? - Its January fourth.2、基数词变序数词的方法：基变序，有规律；词尾要加th。一二三，特殊记；词尾分别tdd。八去t ，九去e ；ve则以f替，ty 则变作 ti ; 后面还有一个e。要是遇到几十几；只将个位变成序。onefirst twosecond threethird eighteighth nineninth fivefifth twelvetwelfthtwentytwentieth twenty-one twenty-first题： Today is the of March. (九) He is the person. (十二)unit 91、 go to a movie 去看电影2、 助动词do/does 的用法。3、 What kind (of ) 用来问种类: What kind (of movie) do you like ?4、 too, as well, also, either 都表“也”，不同用法有： too和as well都用于肯定句末，可互换，但too前常用逗号隔开. Im a student. He is a student as well/too. also 用于肯定句中（位于系动词、情态动词之后，行为动词之前）如：He is also a student. He also likes English. either 用于否定句末。Im not a student, he isnt a student either.5、短语：learn about 学习,了解 know about 得知，了解6、短语：on weekends 7、名词所有格：名词s (意思是 “的”)有生命的名词所有格，一般在后加“s”但注意： 表两者共有则在后者加“s”,表“各自的”则分别在每人头上加“s”。 Lucy and Lilys father 露西和莉莉的父亲（共有的） Jims and Lilys fathers吉姆的父亲和莉莉的父亲.（Jim和Lily各自的） 以s结尾的词只加“ ”如： the boys books James father 无生命的名词所有格用of来引导如：the leg of the desk 双重所有格：a friend of my fathers a friend of mine ( ) a friend of my( )题：( )1._ room is on the 5th floor.A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and LilysC. Lucys and Lily D. Lucys and Lilys( )2.Every morning Mr. Smith takes a _ to his office.A. 20 minutes walk B. 20 minutes walkC. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walkUnit 101、 情态动词can 的用法。2、 join 加入（人群，组织，成为其中一员）：join us join the chess club.take part in 参加（活动）：take part in the contest.冠词1、不定冠词a, an a用在辅音音素开头的词前 如：a book； a useful book； a “u” an用于元音开头的词前. 如：an apple； an hour； an “F”2、定冠词the 特指某人/某物，表“这，那” The book on the desk is mine. 世上独一无二的事物前 the sun , the moon, the earth, the sky 形、副最高级及序数词前 The third boy is the tallest of all.【注意】当这些词前已有其他限定词，如物主代词、指示代词时，则不能再用the He is my first English teacher. the + 姓的复数表示 “某家人”或“某夫妇”；the +形容词 表一类人，作主语是复数 The Greens are visiting Beijing 格林一家正在参观北京。 The poor live hard .穷人生活艰辛。（类似有：the rich, the old, the young 后面省略了people） 乐器前加the . 如play the piano/ guitar/ violin3、不用冠词的几种情况： 在星期、月份、季节前不用冠词 on Monday; in January; in winter. 学科名词前 learn English 球类,棋类等运动及早、中、晚三餐名词前 ( )1.Mary is _ cleverer of the two girls.A. the B. a C. an D. much( )2._ young must look after _ old.A. The ; a B. The ; the C. A ; a D. A ; the( )3. _ earth is one of _ planets.A. The ; suns B. The ; the sun C. The ; the suns D. The ; the suns( )4.Kate sometimes plays _ violin(小提琴) and sometimes plays _ table tennis before supper. （ A. / ; the B. the ; / C. the ; the D. / ; / ）Unit 111、what time 表“几点”，常用来问小时间；when 表“什么时候”，既可以问小时间（=What time），也可以问大时间，如：哪年，哪月，哪天，此时不用What time。 What time/ When do you get up ? -At six oclock. When is your birthday ?-Its November second.2、listen听，是个不及物动词，不能直接接宾语，需加to才能接宾语。如; Please listen me. () Please listen to me.() 类似的词有：wait for 等；look at 看着；arrive at/in 到达；get to 到达；go to 去； talk about 谈论；talk with/to 和某人谈3、 表喜欢厌恶等心理活动的动词，大多数都能接动词不定式或动名词（v-ing）,但enjoy 后只能接动名词。如：love/like/prefer/hate to do sth. 或love/like/prefer/hate doing sth.比较 I like to play basketball 我喜欢去打篮球 （还没打篮球）I like playing basketball. 我喜欢经常打篮球4、job 表职业，可数名词；work表“工作，做的事”，不可数名词。 题：He has a as a teacher. He has a lot of to do every day. 【扩展】work做可数名词时，表“作品，著作”，常用复数。 如：the works of Luxun.4、 around 常作介词，表： 在周围 We sat around the table. 大约（= about）: I usually get up around 6 oclock. 到处 around the world = all over the world = throughout the world 全世界5、 start/ begin doing sth. = start / begin to do sth. 开始做某事。I started to learn/ learning English at the age of 6. 但有3种情况后只能跟to do。主语是物。begin和start 本身为ing形式。它们后的动词与想法，感情有关时。所以当两个答案同时出现时，应选 to do.The trees begin green. (A. to turn B. turning) I am beginning my homework. (A. to do B. doing) She started me. （A. to understand B. understanding )6、tell sb. about 告诉某人关于 Please tell me about yourself. tell sb. sth. 告诉某人某事： Please tell me the truth. 7、辨析tell; talk; say; speaktell表“告诉，讲述”，常后接人或事情作宾语。 Tell me the truth. talk表“交谈”，是不及物动词，常与with/to/about搭配使用再接宾语 say表“说” 后接说话的内容做宾语。 I say : you are wrong.speak表“讲”后直接接某种语言作宾语。 Speak English. 题：（1）Our English teacher often us stories in English. A. tells B. speaks C. talks D. says （2）I dont understand what you said. Can you it in English A. tell B. speak C. talk D. say8、take sb. to 某地（送某人到某地）The bus usually takes him to work at 19:15. take sth with sb. 某人随身带着：Dont forget to take a camera with you. 9、 in the morning 在（每天）早晨； on a morning 在（某天）早晨【总结】in 用于大时间前（年，月，周）或用于一些习惯短语中。on 用于具体某一天前，或某天上午，下午等前。 at 用于小时间前(几点几分) 题：1._ the morning 2._ Monday morning 3. _ a rainy evening 4. _3:50 5._ 2002 6._ the morning of April 10 7._ spring 8._ night 9._ this time 10. _ March10、短语：tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人有关的情况 Please write to me and tell me about your moring.1、 短语：write to sb. 写信给某人= write a letter to sb. Unit 12 1、 tired (1)疲劳的，累的【短语】be tired from/ with 因而疲劳 He is tired from work. (2) 厌烦的 【短语】be tired of (doing) sth. 厌烦（做）某事 I am tired of studying.2、busy 表“繁忙的”短语有：be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 We are busy preparing our exams these days.3、strict 表“严格的”，短语有： be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求 His father is strict with him. be strict in sth. 对某事严格要求 We should be strict in (doing) our work.4、ask 表“问；要求；邀请等”，常见短语有： ask sb. about sth. 询问某人有关的情况。He often asks me about the weather. ask/tell sb. to do sth. 要求某人去做某事 My father always asks me to study hard. ask sb. for sth. 向某人要某物：The beggar often asks me some food. 那个乞丐经常 ask sb. for help 向某人寻求帮助 you can ask the police for help.5、any 常用于疑问句，条件状语从句，否定句中. 用于疑问句，条件状语从句，否定句中，表“一些”。 Are there any people ? If yo