流体机械大作业

活塞式压缩机的设计说明姓名韩景川班级过控1101班学号201102060105指导老师孟祥恺时间20145191目录1题目22设计计算3一、计算各级的行程容积3二、计算各级名义压力和名义压力比4三、排气温度4四、第一次精度计算6五、第一次复算7六、第二次复算9七、修正排气温度10八、排气量计算10九、计算功率并核算电机功率是否适当12十、示功图绘制14十一、综合活塞力的计算18十二、活塞力图的绘制24十三、切向力计算及切向力图的绘制29十四、参考书目3221题目复算19WY9/150型氢氦气压缩机在目前操作条件下的各级压力、排气温度、排气量、功率，作出计算示功图、切向力图、活塞力图、标明最大活塞力与切向力，核算配用电机功率是否适当219WY9/150型氢氦气压缩机简介19WY9/150型氢氦气压缩机是我省投产3000吨小型化肥厂的氮氢气压缩机，二列之间为飞轮，由电机通过三角皮带拖动。压缩机为卧式、两列、门型、四线压缩。原料（半水煤气）经脱硫后进入I级，经I级压缩后送去变换、水洗、碳化，碳化后为碳化气。碳化气返回II级、III、IV级压缩后去洗铜、合成。3目前操作条件与有关数据（1）操作条件吸气压力015MPA（绝）排气压力160MPA（绝）I级出口与II级进口压力差为P009MPA3吸气温度级IIIIIIIVTS30354040I级进口相对湿度1（2）气体组成组分N2H2CO2COO2ARCH4半水煤气02103901202600050004500105碳化气0237070900050029000300050012（3）有关数据活塞行程S310MM见注1，活塞杆直径D60MM转速N205RPM见注2，连杆长度L700MM；I、IV列超前II、III列90度往复运动件重量IIV列2109KG；IIIII列1937KG级IIIIIIIV直径D34021013565相对余隙006501501601抽气系数1089089089飞轮矩GD2为4710KGM2，配用电机额定功率155KW。设计计算一计算各级的行程容积。I级32221241S1058M03160534SDDVII级3222S21741044III级322S3056M031601354SDD4VIV级3224S1二计算各级名义压力和名义压力比已知16MPA05A,PD4S1S2S1TV0486PA301745PS21S26MPA9SDMPA369203518VTPS31S3D2840S41S4D338576PS1D4029SD256381PS3D90S4D三排气温度1绝热指数计算首先需算出各气体的绝热指数，查活塞式压缩机附表1常用气体物理性质得5各气体绝热指数组分2N2H2CO2OAR4CH绝热指数140141131140140168132注表中所列的气体绝热指数为50,130OTPPA时的参数，但对于理想气体绝热指数的大小与温度的关系不大，顾可不考虑温度的影响，可把K看做是常数。混合气体的K值计算式为1IK。对于半水煤气来说有10239026054015264416838K同理对碳化气有1023790529035012468413141683K6所以123489,06K。2计算排气温度由式可得K1SK1SDDTPT420K380198K1SD1376062S8151T146K3SDK92904S6吸气温度排气温度压力比级次KTSDI303442043844II308486374864III313447813456IV313379921956四第一次精度计算1各级容积系数根据过程流体机械表21计算膨胀指数M得1940538105KMBARP1S306767R86422S5741084108K1BAR93P3S46MR4S对于理想气体，容积系数1MV0864406538119M1V571062213574M13V3098019601442计算工况系数C和精度B由MAXINSIIVSI1IIS1V1BVTP,V704715380864VCS1V10394517089656TPS2VS212631059S3VS3130573108908VTPCS4VS414769573B42MAXIN精度不达标进行第一次复算五第一次复算1计算各级进出口压力由式计算各级压力C051P2II1SISIMPAS1056039451740861505P221SSPA384260239C131SSMA07057314180505P411S4S6PA9S2D1384PSA07S4D3MP1682计算各级压力比260731P94820536P104S4DS3S2DS13确定膨胀系数根据过程流体机械表21计算膨胀指数得M11SM194053805KBARP22S306767AR633SM1574084108K1BAR4P4S6AR7K4计算容积系数1MV0921301261894658042063101M14V4357133062V2194M195计算工况系数和精度CBMAXINSIIVSI1IIS1V1CB,VTPC,V0459380842VS1V10483617086216TPCS2VS2129529305384S3VS130486710823107VTPCS4VS41493BMAXIN精度不达标进行第二次复算六第二次复算重复第一次复算步骤，列出计算结果如下表级IIIIIIIV进气压力SIP015053542255967728排气压力DI06254225596772816压力比I4169421330022362容积系数VI08503069830800409157工况常数C004624004695004661004632精度B098097七修正排气温度10由式，可得K1SK1SDDTPT4521K69430138K1SD160202S91T146K3SDK304S吸气温度排气温度压力比级次TSDI303452214169II308466604213III313429963002IV313401192362八排气量计算1容积系数09157846305V43V22确定压力系数对于第一级，压力系数可取为095098，顾取1097P；对于其余各级，压力系数可取为0981，顾取234P；3确定温度系数根据各级压力比，查过程流体机械图212可得11；09416T094213T09523T09632T44确定泄露系数对于泄露系数的选取，有如下规则对于不严密，延迟关闭的阀门014V；对于单作用式气缸的活塞环5R；对于双作用式气缸的活塞环3RV；对于填料0510PIVJ，J为级次。泄露系数计算表级次IIIIIIIVI002II002III002气阀IV002I0009II0009III003活塞环IV003I00005II0001000010III000150001500015填料IV00020000200002000020总相对泄漏量0034000335005350052泄露系数LI09671096760949209506125综上并且将结果列表如下级次行程容积（3MIV）容积系数VI压力系数PI温度系数TI泄露系数LI转速N（R/MINI0054380850309709409671II0017040698309909409676III0003560800409909509492IV00010309157099096095062286计算排气量由式，并代入上表数据可得NVQLITPIVIVI/MIN01943Q58/I294V433V1九计算功率并核算电机功率是否适当1计算各级指示功率和总指示功率计算相对压力损失根据各级进排气压力，查过程流体机械图214可得3816MPA,P26728MPA,P472,8596594034,8064A,P651APD4D4S4S4D3332D2S2S2D111587610D4S0433D2S02113计算实际循环指示功率由公式11NVP160NNIN0IIIISVISIIDKW15286100163416919703848535253970811DKW624010184213140617983534465N340612DKW73152007613021406084259865N34013DKW8103105812361406957726N340614D总指示功率7NN4D3D2D1DD2计算轴功率取机械效率则轴功率80M14KW890731NMD3计算驱动机功率取传动效率则驱动机功率970CK5318NCE考虑到实际运行当中压缩机会受到载荷波动，气体泄漏等因素影响，会引起功率的增加，驱动机因留有的储备功率，故所选用压缩机的功率为512073KW10743K,取压缩机功率为1100KW，而配用电机额定功率为155KW，故不适当。十示功图绘制示功图及压力指示图是压缩机循环过程在PV图上的表示，从图中可反映出循环的功耗。在作示功图时，可将膨胀变压和压缩变压过程可看做是绝热膨胀和压缩过程，其体积和压力之间存在着关系式，C为常数。KPV对于I,II,III,IV级汽缸，其相关参数列表如下级次IIIIIIIV行程容积SIV005438001704000356000103相对余隙容积I006501501601余隙容积CIISV00035350002556000056960000103容积系数VI085030698308004091571SIS004624001190000284900009432绝热指数TIK138981406114061140611CSV0057920019600004130001131512TKIV00207000705000190000613C0003535000255600005696000010341SV001168000769600012810000190利用MATLAB画出示功图，图及程序如下第一级X1001168000001005792Y1015X200207000001005792Y201500579213898X213898X3000353500000100207Y306254X40003535000001001168Y406254000353513898X413898PLOTX1,Y1,X2,Y2,X3,Y3,X4,Y416第二级X10007696000001001960Y105354X2000705000001001960Y20535400196014061X214061X30002556000001000705Y322559X400025560000010007696Y422559000255614061X414061PLOTX1,Y1,X2,Y2,X3,Y3,X4,Y4第三级X10001281000001000413Y122559X200019000001000413Y22255900041314061X214061X30000569600000100019Y367728X400005696000001000128117Y4677280000569614061X414061PLOTX1,Y1,X2,Y2,X3,Y3,X4,Y4第四级X10000190000001000113Y167728X2000061000000001000113Y26772800011314061X214061X30000103000001000061Y316X400001030000000010000190Y416000010314061X414061PLOTX1,Y1,X2,Y2,X3,Y3,X4,Y418十一综合活塞力的计算综合活塞力为活塞中的气体力、往复惯性力和往复摩擦力的代数和1气体力计算确定盖侧面积和轴测面积GIAZI0A032MD40149M514D0A023013524D464M010879634D4A4M650DZ2G22223Z3G2223Z2222G222221Z1222241G1活塞运动分析活塞的位移公式为21COSSINXR活塞的加速度为2A19式中SRADNLR/47216052,2860716其中IIV列运动的角度为，IIIII列为，O9且以IIIII列为例，则盖侧对应于气缸容积的活塞当量位移SIN1COS12RXGI轴侧对应于汽缸容积的活塞当量位移SIN1COS12RXZI计算任意过程中的某处压力膨胀过程KCPIDISX吸气过程XIS压缩过程KCYISIPX排气过程PID其中余隙容积的当量行程CSAIIV列气体力计算盖侧气体力计算膨胀过程20KNN0524SI1437COS5699312I01012647SIN052414375COS301106032SI05S60516535487XSPAXSPAF14062189214062138923K4CD4GK1CD1G吸气过程3561KN106728031050874PAPF33S4GSG压缩过程KNN0524SI1437COS5692482I010613SIN052414375COS1301072860I60531653154XSPAXSPAF14062189214062138923K4CS4GK1CS1GSS排气过程KN7901106032106250874PAPF33D4GD1G轴侧气体力计算压缩过程21KNN0524SI1437COS32526194SIN052414375CO1061050876XSSPAXSSPAF1892138923K4CS4ZKC1SZ11排气过程KN9854106250879PAPF3D4ZD1Z膨胀过程KNN0524SI1437COS324565498SIN052414375CO10610607XSPAXSPAF892138923K4CD4ZKC1DZ1吸气过程KN19310508796PAPF3S4ZSZIIIII列气体力计算盖侧气体力计算膨胀过程KNN0524SI1437COS5697814SIN052414375CO16010259036XSPAXSPAF0612140623K3CD3GK2CDG22吸气过程KN5181005340346PAPF3S3GS2G压缩过程KNN0524SI1437COS56218SIN052414375CO16010534046XSSPAXSSPAF0612140623K3CS3GK2CS2G排气过程KN1478102590346PAPF3D3GD2G轴侧气体力计算压缩过程KNN0524SI1437COS06532925I8431SIN052414375COS160100625904I5331531103XSPAXSPAF1406210621406214062KC3SZ3K2CS2Z3SS排气过程KN612310728601499PAPF33D3ZD2Z膨胀过程23KNN0524SI1437COS0653827I02945SIN052414375COS16031067286019I5015353XSPAXSPAF14062106214062406123K3CD3ZK2CD2Z吸气过程KN803610259014053402PAPF33S3ZS2Z2往复惯性力的计算1937KGM2109KG,MS2S对IIV列KNRFSIS2COS860CO512COS860COS602510921对IIIII列KNRMFSIS2COS860CO29142COS860COS60251079323往复摩擦力的计算取，式中为第I列指示功率；为压缩机的机械效率；S为NS/301P065FMIFSIPM活塞行程，N为压缩机转速24对IIV列KN3216031/2588605NS/30105FM4D1DFS对IIIII列KN461031/25874605NS/30105FMD2DFS2十二活塞力图的绘制1）由以上的计算结果，利用MATLAB绘制IIV列活塞力图及程序如下盖侧活塞力程序及MATLAB图A100000105793B13072/5501COSA1437510052245SINA121/2138985285/5569COSA1437510052245SINA121/214061A20579300001PIB23561A3PI00001501B335906/5501COSA3437510052245SINA321/21389865163/5569COSA3437510052245SINA321/214061A4501000012PIB410779PLOTA1,B1,A2,B2,A3,B3,A4,B4盖侧活塞力25轴测活塞力MATLAB程序及MATLAB图A1000001184B136107/325COSA1437510052245SINA120513898A218400001PIB25498A3PI000013915B33089/325COSA3437510052245SINA320513898A43915000012PIB41319PLOTA1,B1,A2,B2,A3,B3,A4,B4轴测气体力图摩擦力和往复惯性力MATLAB程序及MATLAB图A10000012PIB11632A20000012PIB21924COSA202286COS2A2PLOTA1,B1,A2,B2摩擦力和往复惯性力图26综合活塞力的MATLAB程序及MATLAB图A100000105793B13072/5501COSA1437510052245SINA1205138985285/5569COSA1437510052245SINA12051406136107/325COSA1437510052245SINA1205138981924COSA102286COS2A11632A2057930000118392B2356136107/325COSA2437510052245SINA2205138981924COSA202286COS2A21632A31839200001PIB3356154981924COSA302286COS2A31632A4PI0000139151B435906/5501COSA4437510052245SINA42051389865163/5569COSA4437510052245SINA4205140613089/325COSA4437510052245SINA4205138981924COSA402286COS2A41632A53915100001501B535906/5501COSA5437510052245SINA52051389865163/5575COSA5437510052245SINA52051406113191924COSA502286COS2A51632A6501000012PIB61077913191924COSA602286COS2A61632PLOTA1,B1,A2,B2,A3,B3,A4,B4,A5,B5,A6,B6综合活塞力图27综合活塞力的最大值约在18弧度的位置，其大小约为25KN2）由以上的计算结果，利用MATLAB绘制IIIII列活塞力图及程序如下盖侧活塞力程序及MATLAB图A100000109934B17814029/5666COSA1437510052245SINA120514061A20993400001PIB21855A3PI000015299B31855223/5666COSA3437510052245SINA320514061A45299000012PIB47814PLOTA1,B1,A2,B2,A3,B3,A4,B4盖侧活塞力28轴测活塞力MATLAB程序及MATLAB图A100000117926B11088223/3084COSA1437510052245SINA1205140612592225/3065COSA1437510052245SINA120514061A21792600001PIB212366A3PI000014211B34584029/3084COSA3437510052245SINA3205140617782031/3065COSA3437510052245SINA320514061A44211000012PIB43680PLOTA1,B1,A2,B2,A3,B3,A4,B4轴测气体力图摩擦力和往复惯性力MATLAB程序及MATLAB图A10000012PIB11646A20000012PIB21767SINA202286COS2A2PLOTA1,B1,A2,B2摩擦力和往复惯性力图29综合活塞力的MATLAB程序及MATLAB图A100000109934B17814029/5666COSA1437510052245SINA1205140611088223/3084COSA1437510052245SINA1205140612592225/3065COSA1437510052245SINA12051406116461767SINA102286COS2A1A2099340000117926B218551088223/3084COSA2437510052245SINA2205140612592225/3065COSA2437510052245SINA22051406116461767SINA202286COS2A2A31792600001PIB318551236616461767SINA302286COS2A3A4PI000014211B41855223/5666COSA4437510052245SINA4205140614584029/3084COSA4437510052245SINA4205140617782031/3065COSA4437510052245SINA42051406116461767SINA402286COS2A4A54211000015299B51855223/5666COSA5437510052245SINA520514061368016461767SINA502286COS2A5A65299000012PIB67814368016461767SINA602286COS2A6PLOTA1,B1,A2,B2,A3,B3,A4,B4,A5,B5,A6,B6综合活塞力图30综合活塞力的最大值约在18弧度的位置，其大小约为135KN。十三、切向力计算及切向力图的绘制由化工机器P72公式得切向力的公式为3PTFK式中32SINSI1K为列的综合活塞力，T为切向力PF由以上公式和已算得的综合活塞力，使用MATLAB容易得、列的切向力图A100000105793B13072/5501COSA1437510052245SINA1205138985285/5569COSA1437510052245SINA12051406136107/325COSA1437510052245SINA1205138981924COSA102286COS2A11632SINA102286SIN2A1/210052245SINA1205A2057930000118392B2356136107/325COSA2437510052245SINA2205138981924COSA202286COS2A21632SINA202286SIN2A2/210052245SINA2205A31839200001PI31B3356154981924COSA302286COS2A31632SINA302286SIN2A3/210052245SINA3205A4PI0000139151B435906/5501COSA4437510052245SINA42051389865163/5575COSA4437510052245SINA4205140613089/325COSA4437510052245SINA4205138981924COSA402286COS2A41632SINA402286SIN2A4/210052245SINA4205A53915100001501B535906/5501COSA5437510052245SINA52051389865163/5575COSA5437510052245SINA52051406113191924COSA502286COS2A51632SINA502286SIN2A5/210052245SINA5205A6501000012PIB61077913191924COSA602286COS2A61632SINA602286SIN2A6/210052245SINA6205PLOTA1,B1,A2,B2,A3,B3,A