小学英语六年级语法

名词一、不可数名词食物类：bread面包 meat 肉 pork 猪肉 beef牛肉 mutton 羊肉 chicken 鸡肉 rice米饭饮料：milk牛奶 water水juice 果汁 coffee 咖啡二、可数名词复数形式的变化规则1. 一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books书, bag-bags书包, cat-cats猫, boy-boys男孩2. 以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses公共汽车, box-boxes盒子, watch-watches手表3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families家庭, strawberry-strawberries草莓4. 以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives小刀 leaf-leaves叶子三、不规则名词复数：1改变中间元音字母 man-men男人woman-women女人foot-feet脚 mouse-mice老鼠policeman-policeme男警察policewoman-policewomen女警察 tooth-teeth牙齿2. 词尾加er child-children孩子3.单复数形式相同 people-people人们 Chinese-Chinese中国人 deer-deer 梅花鹿 sheep-sheep绵羊fish-fish鱼【名词复数顺口溜】名词复数有规律，一般词尾加s;辅音字母+y型，变y为i,es; ch,sh真有趣，s,x,es; f,fe真小气，字母v来把它替，es在后别忘记； 字母o来真神奇，有生命来es,没有生命+s.练习可数名词复数特殊变化规律2：练练习一、 写出下列单词的复数形式1. foot 2.knife3.map 4.sheep 5.glass 6.woman 7.watch 8.photo 9.bed 10.leaf 11.baby 12.tomato 二、 选择（ ）1、Amy has and on Mondays. A. fish; riceB. fishes; rice C.a fish; rices（ ）2、My are white. A.sockB.sockesC.socks（ ）3、Are these your notebooks? No, theyre A.JohnB.JohnsC.Johns（ ）4、I like and . A. hamburgers; CokesB. hamburger; CokesC. hamburger; Coke（ ）5、We have and at noon. A.tomatoes; potatoesB. tomatoes; potatosC. tomatos; potatos三、用名词的正确形式填空1. These ( tree ) are near my house.2. Do they have any ( toy) ? 3. It is (Lily) pen.4. June 1st is ( child ) Day.5. How many ( sheep ) are there on the farm?6. Please give me some ( juice ) , please.四、将下列名词归类school, apple, shirt, skirt, pencil, pear, sharpener, pear,jacket, tiger, library, peach, apple, hat, ruler, cat, panda,pen,watermelon,pants, lion, deer, classroom1. pencil-case 2. banana 3. coat 4. fox 5. computer room 数词 一、基数词1 one 2 two3 three 4 four 5 five 6 six 7 seven 8 eight9 nine 10ten 11eleven 12twelve 13thirteen 14fourteen15fifteen 16sixteen 17seventeen 18eighteen19nineteen 20twenty 21twenty-one 22twenty-two23twenty-three 30thirty 32thirty-two 40forty 50fifty60sixty 70seventy 80eighty 90ninety 100one hundred二、序数词序数词顺口溜一二 三特殊记, th从四起.怎么加？真好记!八加h，九减eve要用f替，ty变为tie若是碰到几十几，前用基来后用序。 解析口诀：one（一）first（第一）， two（二）second（第二）， three（三）third（第三）这三个词变化特殊，要单独记；eighteighth， nineninth， 八加h，九去e后再加-th； fivefifth， twelvetwelfth，五、十二把ve换成f再加-th；twentytwentieth， thirtythirtieth. 整十先把词尾y改为ie再加-th。两位数时则十位数用基数词，个位数用序数词，如：twenty-first。三、时刻表达法1、整点的表示法表示几点钟用基数词加可以省略的oclock5:00 读作 five oclock 或 five2、半点的表示法表示半点时，用“钟点数+thirty”或“half+past+钟点数”表示2：30 two thirty或half past two 8:30 eight thirty 或half past eight3、“几点几分”的表示法（1）用“钟点数+分钟数”表示7：10 seven ten 9:40 nine forty (2) 分钟数在30分钟以内，用“分钟数+past+钟点数”表示，意为“几点过几分”。7：20 twenty past seven 10:15 fifteen past ten或a quarter to ten(3) 分钟数超过30分钟，用“（60减分钟数）+to+下一个钟点数”表示，意为“差几点分”。11：50（离12点还差十分）ten to twelve 2:45(离三点还差15分) fifteen to three或a quarter to three练习1翻译下列短语1、六支铅笔 2、six to six 3、十五个苹果 4、twenty past nine 5、七辆公共汽车 6、ten to eleven 7、第三层楼 8、12点钟 9、fifteen to seven 10、第二个房间 11、ten red oranges 12、 3:55 填空1、seven+ =eleven 2、 +two= five 3、 -nine=thirteen4、twelve+ eight= 5、threethree= 6、ten =two 7、eighty- fifteen= 8、thirty =five 介词短语in the morning在早上，在上午 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上in English 用英语 in a red dress 穿着一件红色的裙子 in the room在房间里in China 在中国 in May在五月 in spring在春天 in summer 在夏天 in fall 在秋天in winter 在冬天 in the river 在河里in front of 在的前面 in the middle 在中间 stay in bed 卧床休息 at home 在家里 at school在学校at three 在三点 at work 在工作 at night 在夜晚 at noon 在中午 look at 看到on Monday 在星期一 on the desk 在桌子上 on Saturday morning 在星期六上午get on上车 put on 穿上 on holiday 在假期 on duty 值日 on the left 在左边 on the right 在右边 on foot 步行 on the lake 在湖里go to school 上学 go to work 上班 go to bed 睡觉 listen to 听（讲话） speak to对讲话 get to 到达 next to 与相邻 by bike 乘自行车 by plane 乘飞机 by car 乘小车 by taxi 乘出租车 by ship 乘轮船 by train 乘火车 by subway 乘地铁stay with 与呆在一起 work with与工作 play with 与玩耍练习一、选择（ ）1、Where did you go your holiday?A.toB.forC.on（ ）2、Look the boy. Hes playing with his pet cat.A.inB.onC.at（ ）3、Thank you helping me.A.toB.forC.with（ ）4、There is window the wall.A.inB.onC.of（ ）5、Usually I go to school foot.A.byB.forC.on（ ）6、Im sorry hear that. A.toB.atC.with（ ）7、I visited my grandparents my parents last weekend.A.andB.toC.with（ ）8、What do you do the weekend?A. by B.inC.on（ ）9、I can play the snow.A.withB.onC.to（ ）10、Whose birthday is June? A.byB.inC.on二、选词填空on, at, to, with, by, in, for, 1.My birthday is June 15th.2.He goes to school 8 oclock.3.Its time supper.4.Its time have dinner.5.There is a door the wall.6.Look! The bird is flying the sky.7.I went to Shanghai train.8.This is a picture my family.9.Wha do you have lunch today?10.I can play snow the winter.三、翻译1. 上学 2. 在左边 3. 与相邻 4. 在家里 5. 乘火车 6. on holiday 7.listen to music 8. in the river 9. work with 10. on Sunday morning 11. in Canada Be动词及人称代词的用法我用am，你用are，is连着他，她，它； 单数名词用is，复数名词全用are. 变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃 变否定，更容易，be后not莫忘记 疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑 陈述句一般疑问句人称代词（主格）Be 动词 其它一般疑问句肯定回答否定回答Iam a student.Are you a student?Yes, I am. No, Im not. You are a teacher.Am I a student?Yes, you are.No, you arent. He is an engineer.Is he an engineer?Yes, he is.No, he isnt. She is aTV reporter.Is she a TV reporter?Yes, she is.No, she isnt. It is on the desk.Is it on the desk?Yes, it is.No, it isnt. We are sisters.Are you workers?Yes, we are.No, we arent. They are monkeys.Are they monkeys?Yes, they are.No, they arent.陈述句】的否定形式： 表示某一否定意思。句中一定有not。 有三种可能：be动词（am、is、are、was、were）+not、情态动词（can、must、should）+ not、助动词（do、does、did） + not如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句： 1、直接在be动词后+ not。 2、直接在情态动词后+ not。 3、如上述二者都没有，就应用助动词+ not。分三个步骤： （1）确定助动词用do、does还是did，根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用do，动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does，动词用过去式的助动词就有did。 （2）在助动词后加not。 （3）原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。 强调一点，有some的要考虑是否要用any。is not=isnt are not=arent can not=cant should not=shouldnt do not=dont does not=doesnt did not=didnt will not=wont were not= werent was not= wasnt 【一般疑问句】表示疑问，一般回答只有两种可能Yes，或No，句中没有疑问词。 1、be动词（is, am,are, was, were）开头。 2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，把情态动词提到句首即可。 3、如上述二者都没有，就应把助动提到句首。分四个步骤： （1）（2）确定助动词用do、does还是did，根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用do，动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does，动词用过去式的助动词就有did。 （3）把助动词提到句首。 （4）原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。there be 句型的用法there is + 不可数名词如：There is some bread in the bag.there is +a/an+可数名词单数如：There is a bird in the tree.there are +some/ many +可数名词复数如：There are many pandas in the mountains.there be句型有特点、主语放在be后面。主语单三用is，复数主语要用are。多个主语并列时、be随最近主语变。变疑问很简单、把be提到there前。变否定也不难、be的后面not添。肯定句中用some、疑问否定any换一、选择（ ）1. These my books.A.isB. amC. are（ ）2. Mary be back tomorrow.A.willB. willntC. dont（ ）3.She go to work on foot.A.dontB. isntC. doesnt（ ）4.There a table, a closet and a bed in the room.A.DoB. areC.is（ ）5.A:Is this your bedroom? B: A.Yes, it doesntB. Yes, it isntC. Yes , it is.（ ）6. A:Are you a teacher?. B: A. Yes, Im not.B. Yes, she is. C. Yes, I am.（ ）7. How he go to school? He to school by bus.A.does,goB. do, goesC. does, goes（ ）8.Miss Li and Mr Liu English teachers.A.areB. isC. Am（ ）9. you like some bread, please? A. CanB. MayC. Would（ ）10. A:Where they from? B:They come from America. A. do, comeB. does, comeC. do,comes二根据要求填空1. 用am, is, 或are填空(1)I Mary. This my sister, Kate. She is twelve years old.(2)How you?(3)John a student, his father is a worker.(4)Lily and Lucy sisters. They in the same class.(5)My hobby collecting stamps, my brothers hobbies singing and dancing.2.用do, does, did填空。（1） your mother teach English?（2）How you do that?（3） you go shopping with your mother yesterday?（4） My parents go to work by bus? （5）How you go there? I went there by train.3用there is, there are, is there, are there填空（1） not any pandas in the forest.(2) some chicken in the plate.(3) Excuse me, a bathroom near here?(4) Tom , any apple trees in the garden?(5) a big closet, a new mirror and blue curtains in the room.(6) some trees and a lake in the park.三连词成句1. teach, she, math, you, does(?) 2.eating, you, lunch, are (?) 3.going, visit, this, my, I, to, grandparents, am, weekend (.) 4.sweep, I, the, can , floor ( . ) 5. you, a, have, do, library ( ?) 6.birthday, in, Uncle Bills, June, is ( . ) 7. help, room, did, their, you, clean, them ( ? ) 8.fun, I, with, had, my, every, cousins, day ( . ) 【特殊疑问句】定义：表示疑问，有疑问词（在开头），回答有很多种可能。常用疑问词： What什么、What colour 什么颜色When什么时候、Which哪一个、Who谁、Whose谁的、Why为什么、How多么，怎么样、How old 几岁、How many 多少、how much 多少钱，How about 怎么样、How tall多高、 How heavy 多重、How long多长、How big多大、How large多大（练习一）在横线上填上恰当的疑问词1. do you go to school? -On foot.2. colour is the car? The car is red.3. cat is it? Its Lucys.4. is that old man? He is my grandpa.5. is the fish? Ten yuan.6. are you late? Because my clock is broken.7. did they have a picnic? In the park.8. are your legs? 76cm.9. kites can you see? I can see 12.10. was your last trip? In June.（练习二）选择恰当的答语（ ）1. What do you do on Sundays? A.Yes, I am.（ ）2. How much is your dress? B.They are in the park.（ ）3. Do you like cartoons? C.Yes, I do.（ ）4. Whose skirt is this? D.I usually read books.（ ）5. How is your mother? E.Its eighty yuan.（ ）6. Are you going to read? F. Its Lilys.（ ）7. Where are Mike and Ben? G. Shes fine.（ ）8. Can you speak Chinese? H.Yes, I did.（ ）9. Did you have a good time? I.Yes, it is.（ ）10. Is your coat brown? J. Yes, I can.代词的用法【指示代词】This is这是 That is那是These are这些是Those are那些是疑问形式Is this your book? 这是你的书吗？ Yes, it is. / No, it isnt.Is that your pencil?那是你的铅笔吗？ Yes, it is. / No, it isnt.Are these your toys?这些是你的玩具吗？Yes, they are./ No, they arent.Are those your crayons?那些是你的蜡笔吗？ Yes, they are./ No, they arent.【人称代词及物主代词】人称代词形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词主格形式宾格形式第一人称Imemymine单数第二人称youyouyouryours第三人称sheherherhershehimhishisitititsits第一人称weusourours复数第二人称youyouyouryours第三人称theythemtheirtheirs一、按要求写单词1.he(名词性物主代词) 2. they(宾格) 3.her(主格) 4.we(单数) 5.I(形容词性物主代词) 6.theirs(主格) 7.this(复数) 8.those(单数) 二、选择（ ）1.This is a boy. name is Tom. A.HisB.HerC.My（ ）2. is Linda. pencil is long. A.He,HisB.She,HerC.It,Its（ ）3.We are students. bags are new. A.YourB.TheirC.Our（ ）4. is fine today. A.ItB.ThisC.That（ ）5.Mr Green teaches English. A.ourB.weC.us（ ）6.Whats favourite season? A.youB.yourC.yours（ ）7.Tell were leaving. A.himB.heC.his三用代词的相应形式填空。(1) (He, Him)and I often play ping-pong together.(2)They are doing (them, their)homework.(3)Whose knife is it? Its (her, hers)(4)Is it (your, yours)eraser? No, its not (I, mine), its (he, his)(5)Did you help clean room?( their, them) 三、 动词的过去式 规则的动词过去式1、 一般情况直接加ed look- looked 看 wash- washed 洗 watch- watched 观看 help- helped 帮忙 want- wanted 想要play- played玩 laugh- laughed 笑 learn-learned 学习 clean- cleaned打扫 climb- climbed爬 row- rowed划（船）visit- visited看望，参观 cook- cooked 做饭 listen- listened 听 collect- collected 收集work- worked 工作2、 以不发音的字母e 结尾的词加d live- lived 居住 like- liked 喜欢 dance- danced 跳舞 3、 以辅音字母加y 结尾的词，变y 为i ,再加ed. study-studied 学习 4、 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，双写最后一个字母，再加ed stop- stopped 停止 drop- dropped 落下【四种时态的用法】时态定义标志词谓语形式疑问形式否定式提问一般现在时1、 目前存在的状态2、 经常性、习惯性的动作always总是, usually通常, often常常,Sometimes有时,every day每天every week每星期1 be动词( am, is,are)2动词原形（主语为第三人称单数时动词加s或 es）1、 be 放主语前2、 主语前加do 或does (动词还原)1、 be + not 2、动词前加dont 或doesnt (动词还原)What do you do on the weekend? I often go shopping.What does she do every day? She reads books every day.现在进行时表示目前正在发生的动作或存在的状态1、 提示语：look!看 Listen! 听2、At +时间点Be动词 (am, is, are ) + 动词ingbe 放主语前be + notWhat are you doing？Were listening now.一般将来时1、 表示打算做某事2、 将要发生的动作或存在的状态1、 tomorrow明天 the next day第二天this afternoon今天下午this evening 今天晚上2.next week下星期next month下个月next year明年1、 be going to + 动词 原形2、 will +动词原形3、 go, come, leave 等用现在进行时表示将来be 或will 放主语前be 或 will 后加 notwill not = wont 1. Where are you going tommorrow?Were going to the park.2. What will he do next week?He will play basketball next week.一般过去时表示过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状态1.yesterday昨天2. last week上星期last year去年last month 上个月2、two years ago两年前1、be动词的过去时（was,were）2、行为动词的过去式1、 was / were 放主语前2、 主语前加did (动词还原)1、 was/ were + not 2、 动词前加didnt (动词还原)What did Tom do last night?He did his homework last night.Where did you go on your holiday?I went to Harbin.【动词的几种形式】一动词的第三人称单数形式（规则）1. 一般情况下，直接加-s，如：get-gets 到达 leave-leaves 离开 help-helps 帮助 play- plays 玩，打，踢 listen-listens 听2. 以s, x,o, sh,ch结尾，加-es，如：teach-teaches教 wash-washes 洗 go-goes 去 watch- watches 观看 do- does做，干3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es fly-flies飞 study- studies 学习 不规则动词 have-has有， 吃 四、 动词的ing形式1. 一般情况直接加inggo-going 去 play- playing 玩 study-studying 学习 read-reading 阅读 sing- singing 唱歌clean- cleaning 打扫 eat- eating 吃 climb- climbing 爬 visit- visiting 拜访，参观 listen- listening 听do- doing 做 wash- washing 洗 teach- teaching 教 work- working 工作 buy- buying 买2. 以不发音的字母e 结尾的词，去e 加ing write-writing 写 make- making 制作 take- taking 拿走，带走 live- living 居住 ride- riding 骑have- having 有， 吃 dive- diving 跳水3. 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，双写最后一个字母，再加ingswim- swimming 游泳 sit- sitting 坐 run- running 跑 get- getting 得到不规则的动词过去式am/is was是 arewere是 have/hashad 有 do/doesdid 做，干 cancould能 swimswam游泳singsang唱歌 sitsat坐 comecame来 givegave 给 runran跑 eat-ate 吃drinkdrank喝 becomebecame 成为 beginbegan 开始buybought 买teachtaught教 gowent 去 learnlearned 学习 leaveleft 离开 taketook 拿走，带走writewrote写riderode 骑 winwon 赢 drivedrove驾驶 speakspoke 说 getgot 得到 forgetforgot 忘记 flyflew飞 drawdrew画seesaw看见 saysaid说 meetmet遇见 makemade 制作fallfell跌落 findfound 找到 putput放 readread读 hurthurt 受伤 练习一、选择（ ）1. Mary her homework in the morning. A.doingB.doC.does（ ）2.My father is a book now. A.readB.readingC.reads（ ）3.Do you like ? Yes, I do. A.swimmingB.swimsC.swim（ ）4.How he go to school? He to school by bus. A.does, wentB.do, goesC.does, goes（ ）5.My mother in a hospital. A.workB.worksC.working（ ）6.Where you last night? I went to visit my grandparents. A.do, goB.did, wentC.did, go（ ）7.Lets TV together. A.watchB.watchesC.watched（ ）8.What are you going to do next Saturday? Im going to mountains. A.climbedB.climbC.climbing（ ）9.I have lunch at school , but my brother lunch at school. A.isnt haveB.hasnt haveC.doesnt have（ ）10.When did you go to Beijing? A.goesB.wentC.go二、按要求填空1写出下列单词的过去式1. go 2.fly 3. swim 4. leave 5. read 6. wash 7. do 8. clean 9. l