福建省晋江市首峰中学高考英语专题复习 构词法课件.ppt

运用构词法，增加英语词汇量,意义,英语单词虽然难学、难记，但它们一般是有规律可寻，这种规律被称之为构词法。英语构词法是英语词汇学的重要组成部分，它揭示了词汇的构成方式，是学习词汇、迅速扩大词汇量的十分有效的方法。如果我们从构词法入手，了解和掌握英语词汇的基本构成方式，就可以使词汇学习变得简单、高效，从而迅速扩大词汇量就可以成为一种可能。,oneyearago,whenfionaturnedfour,samandidecidedtohome-schoolherinsteadofsendinghertopre-school.（1）school从名词“学校”转化为动词“教育某人”。,（2）同时school与home构成合成一个单词，意为“以家庭的方式教育某人”，“在家里教育某人”。这是“名词+动词=合成动词”。,（3）pre-school是由前缀“pre-”（表示“先于，在之前”的意思）加词根school而构成的派生词，所以它的中文意义是指“幼儿园”。,构词法,1.合成法,2.转化法,3.派生法,4.缩略法,由词根加前缀或后缀构成新词。,一、派生法,否定前缀,un-dis-in-im-mis-non-,understandpolitesmokeragreefairvisible,一些重要的前缀：,1.re-再retell,remarry,review2.mini-微型的minibus,miniskirt3.tele-远的telescope,telephone4.mid-中间midnight,mid-autumn5.en-使enlarge,enrich,ensure6.fore-在前面foresee，forecast7.pre-提前，预先preview，prepay,一些重要的后缀：,1.表示人的有：-er,-or,-an,-ress,-ist如：cleaner,driver,inventor,professor,asian,russian,hostess,actress,artist,scientist,2.表示名词的后缀有：-ment,-tion,-sion,-al,-ance,-th,-ness,-dom如：agreement,development,celebration,competition,arrival,proposal,importance,confidence,truth,length,happiness,darkness,freedom,wisdom,3.表示形容词后缀的有：-ful,-ble,-al,-less,-ly,-ous,-y,-ern,-en如：useful,hopeful,comfortable,enjoyable,natural,musical,careless,hopeless,homeless,friendly,weekly,lovely,famous,dangerous,cloudy,windy,eastern,western,woolen,wooden,4.表示副词后缀的有：-ly如：excitedly,finally,slowly,surprisingly,1.isitdifficultforyoutogetupinthemorning?doyousometimesoversleep?睡过头,2.readingcan_yourlife.(rich),enrich,二、合成法把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词。用这种方法可以合成名词、形容词、代词、副词和动词等等。,waiting-roomkind-heartedanyoneupstairsoverweight,forthem,playingwellandwinningareoftenlife-and-deathaffairs.,生死攸关的,三、转化法由一种词性转化为另一种词性的词。nevertroubletroubleuntiltroubletroublesyou.不要自找麻烦，除非麻烦来找你。,handn./v.lookv./n.emptyadj./v.goldn./adj.beforeprep./conj.,四、缩略法,dvdigitalvideo,sossaveourship,vipveryimportantperson,练一练：一、指出下面划线单词的词类及意义。,1.everymorningwegetwaterfromthewellandwatertheyoungplantswell.2.thelessonslastfromonetothree,andthelastlessonisenglish.,3.imustworkhardsothatimayfinishthehardworkbyaugust.4.hewrotethosewordsslowly,“driveslow!”,二、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。,1.youmustdotheexercises_(care).,carefully,2.abusinesscantrunwellwithoutgood_(manage).3.hewasso_(kindness)thathegavememanystorybooks.,management,kind,三、选择划线部分中的单词的意义。,（）1.dontlistentohisnonsense.a.foolishtalkormeaninglesswordsb.beautifulwordsc.clevertalkormeaningfulwords,a,()2.hemisunderstoodme.a.underst