初中语法_现在完成时课件

语法课堂,上一页,现在完成时,下一页,主菜单,同学们好！今天我们介绍的英语语法知识是时态中的现在完成时。现在完成时是中考考纲要求的五种基本时态之一，要求同学们必须掌握并熟练运用。这种时态的动词变化，基本用法，时间状语，特殊结构等要点与其他四种时态相比要有一定的难度，希望同学们重视并且能够从下面的介绍中获得帮助。,present(now现在),future,过去past,domyhomework,现在完成时,主菜单,上一页,下一页,现在完成时的构成,现在完成时的主要用法,现在完成时的时间状语,短暂性动词与时间段的关系,havebeen与havegone比较,与一般过去时的用法比较,现在完成时的构成,主菜单,上一页,下一页,have(has）+过去分词,过去分词的构成,上一页,下一页,AAA,主菜单,ABB,ABC,ABC,写出下列动词的过去式及过去分词。1leave-_-_2catch-_-_3tell-_-_4stand-_-_5get-_-_6hurt-_-_7put-_-_8come-_-_9run-_-_10begin-_-_11swim-_-_12draw-_-_13know-_-_14do-_-_15go-_-_,16give-_-_17see-_-_18drive-_-_19take-_-_20be-_-_21eat-_-_22write-_-_23speak-_-_24steal-_-_25tear-_-_,leftleft,caughtcaught,toldtold,stoodstood,gotgot,hurthurt,putput,camecome,ranrun,beganbegun,swamswum,drewdrawn,knewknown,diddone,wentgone,gavegiven,sawseen,drovedriven,tooktaken,was,werebeen,ateeaten,wrotewritten,spokespoken,stolestolen,toretorn,Pleaserememberthem.,Homework:,抄写动词以及过去式和过去分词。1.be-e3.go-4.do5.have-6.drink7.give-8.eat9.know-10.make11.run-12.say13.see-14.find15.draw-16.get17.hear-18.begin19.buy-20.leave,was/were-been,came-come,went-gone,did-done,had-had,drank-drunk,gave-given,ate-eaten,knew-known,made-made,ran-run,said-said,saw-seen,found-found,drew-drawn,got-got,heard-heard,began-begun,bought-bought,left-left,写出下列动词的过去式及过去分词1become_-_2break_-_3bring_-_4build_-_5bite_-_6catch_-_7choose_-_8cut_-_9fall_-_10fly_-_11forget_-_12grow_-_,13hit_-_14hurt_-_15keep_-_16lend_-_17lose_-_18meet_-_19put_-_20read_-_21ring_-_,becamebecome,brokebroken,broughtbrought,builtbuilt,bitbit,caughtcaught,chosechosen,cutcut,fellfallen,flewflown,forgotforgotten,grewgrown,hithit,hurthurt,keptkept,lentlent,lostlost,metmet,putput,readread,rangrung,现在完成时的基本句型：,肯定式：主语+助动词have/has+动词的过去分词.疑问式：助动词Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词?否定式:主语+助动词have/has+not+动词的过去分词.,例句：,1.Ihavecleanedmyroom.我已打扫了房间。2.Hehasntfinishedhishomework.他还没完成作业。3.Haveyoureadthisnovel?你看过这本小说吗？Yes,Ihave.是的，看过了。No,Ihavent.不，没看过。4.WehavestudiedEnglishfortwoyears.我们已经学了两年英语了。5.Theyhaventseeneachothersince1998.自从1998年他们就没再见过面。,现在完成时的主要用法,上一页,下一页,-Itssodark.-Someonehasturnedoffthelight.(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑),-Areyoufree?-Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Iamfree(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空),主菜单,1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。,上一页,下一页,IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我已经学了10多年的英语。(从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学)Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago.我已经游泳了半个小时(半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游),现在完成时的主要用法,主菜单,2.表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用.表示持续动作或状态的词应是延续性动词.常与since+过去的时间点，for+一段时间，sofar等时间状语连用。,3.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历.,上一页,下一页,IhaveeverbeentotheSummerPalace?(我曾去过颐和园),Ihaveneverhadacar.(我从未有过汽车。),现在完成时的主要用法,主菜单,3表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历.,现在完成时的主要用法,1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。,2.表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,现在完成时的时间状语,常与already,never,ever,just,yet,before,uptonow,sofar,forthelastfewweeksthesedays,sinceforalongtime连用,上一页,下一页,主菜单,a）already往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气；yet用于否定句和疑问句。,Hehasalreadylefthere.他已经离开这里了。Hashealreadylefthere?他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）Myteachershaventhadbreakfastyet.我的老师们还没有吃早饭。Haveyouwrittentoyourparentsyet?你已经给你父母写过信了吗？,b）never是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而ever表示“曾经”,WehaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我们从来没有去过长城。HaveyoueverbeentoCanada?你们曾经去过加拿大吗？,c）just表示“刚刚”（用于完成时态时，与already，never等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间）,Hehasjustcomeback.他刚刚回来。Theyhavejustfinishedthework.他们刚刚完成那项工作。,d）before用于完成时，而ago用于过去时,Hehasstartedhisworktenyearsbefore.他十年前就已经开始他的工作了。Hestartedhisworktenyearsago.他是十年前开始他的工作的。,常用于现在完成时的时间副词,介词:already(已经):用于肯定句Ihavealreadypostedtheletter.yet(已经):用于否定句,疑问句Hehasntdonehishomeworkyet.just(刚刚)Theyhavejustleft.ever(曾经)HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?never(从不)Ihaveneverseenhim.before(以前)Haveyouseenthefilmbefore?since(自从以来)Iveworkedintheschoolsince1999.for(长达)HeslivedinShepastseveraldays/weeks/years(在过去的)recently(最近)Ihavenotwrittentomyparentsrecently.sofar(到目前为止)Sofarshehaslearned5Englishsongs.uptonow(到目前为止)thismorning/month/year(今天早上/这个月/今年),Mother:John,cleanyourteethplease.,John:Mum,Ihavealready(已经)cleanedthem.,combyourhair-havecombeditwashyourhands-havewashedthemstudyforEnglishtest-havestudiedforittellmethetruth-havetoldyoueverythingvisityourgrandpa-havevisitedhimlistentotheEnglishtape-havelistenedtoit,Mother:John,cleanyourteethplease.,John:Mum,Ihavealreadycleanedthem.,Father:Tellyoursistertobuysomemilk,John.,John:Oh,shehasjust(刚刚)boughtsome.,Father:Tellyoursistertobuysomemilk,John.,John:Oh,shehasjustboughtsome.,carrysomewaterfortheoldman-hascarriedsomeboilsomewater-hasboiledsomemakesomecoffee-hasmadesomecallMr.Smith-hascalledhimmendtheshirt-hasmendeditdryherhair-hasdriedhers,短暂性动词与时间段的关系,短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become,begin,buy,borrow,come(go,arrive),die,finish,join,leave,等。,上一页,下一页,为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延续性动词来代替短暂性动词。,主菜单,becomebe,beginhave,borrowkeep,buyhave,come(go,arrive,get)behere/there/in，diebedead,finishbeover,joinbein（beamemberof）leavebeaway(from),下一页,上一页,主菜单,但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。如：Ihaventboughtthebikeforayear.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。Shehasntcomehereforanhour.她来这儿还没有一个小时。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,翻译练习：1.我买了这块手表五年了。2.这位老人已经死了十年了。,Ihaveboughtthiswatchforfiveyears.Ihavehadthiswatchforfiveyears/since5yearsago.,Theoldmanhasdiedfortenyears.Theoldmanhasbeendeadfortenyears/since10yearsago.,W,W,下一页,上一页,主菜单,3.他已经回来三天了。4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。5.我离开家乡已十年了。,Hehascomebackfor3days.Hehasbeenbackfor3days/since3daysago.,Hehascomeheresince6oclock.Hehasbeenheresince6oclock.,Ihavelefthometownfor10years.Ihavebeenawayfromhometownfor10years.,W,W,W,下一页,上一页,主菜单,havebeen与havegone的用法比较,havebeento意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。havegoneto意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。havebeenin意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”,上一页,下一页,主菜单,HassheeverbeentoNanjing?她曾去过南京吗？Youhaveneverbeenthere,haveyou?你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？IhavebeentoGuiling,Iwenttherelastyear.我去过桂林，我去年去的。ShehasgonetoNanjing.她已经去南京了。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,用have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto填空：1.Whereisyourbrother?He_theshop.Hellbebacksoon.2._youever_toAmerica?Yes,I_NewYorktwice.3.Hereyouareatlast!Where_you_?I_London.4.David_Australia.Imsurehesalreadyarrived.5.IsBennyhere?No,he_theschoollibrary.Heleftfiveminutesago.,hasgoneto,Havebeento,havebeento,havebeen,havebeento,hasgoneto,hasgoneto,与一般过去时的用法比较,一.现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）;而一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,eg：HehasboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他已经买了一本英汉字典。HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他曾买过一本英汉字典。,上一页,下一页,第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Andhestillhasit”“过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典”。,第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强调说明。,主菜单,二当有一个表示过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时:,上一页,下一页,eg:Isawthefilmontelevisionyesterday.,但since(自以来)+某一过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时连用。,eg：Theyhaveknowneachothersince1950.,Sincehewasachild,hehaslivedinEngland.,主菜单,三常与一般过去时连用的典型的表示过去时间的状语:,上一页,下一页,yesterday(昨天),thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),justnow(刚才)，时间+ago,last+时间等;,eg:Theplanetookofftenminutesago.,Wefinishedourtasklastweek.,主菜单,上一页,现在完成时练习,主菜单,动词填空：1._you_(clean)theroom?Yes,we_(do)thatalready.When_you_(do)it?We_(do)itanhourago.2._he_(see)thisfilmyet?Yes.When_he_(see)it?He_itlastweek.3.Howmanytimes_you_(be)there?,Have,cleaned,havedone,did,do,did,Has,seen,did,see,saw,have,been,下一页,上一页,主菜单,4.I_(read)thenoveltwice.Itsinteresting.5.She_(go)toPairs,hasntshe?Yes.How_she_(go)there?She_(go)therebyair.6.Sofar,manycountries_(develop)theirsoftwareprograms.7.MrChen_(give)upsmokinglastyear.8.MrChen_(give)upsmokingsincelastyear.,haveread,hasgone,did,go,went,havedeveloped,gave,hasgiven,下一页,上一页,主菜单,选用for和since填空:1.Wehaventseeneachother_alongtime.2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty_10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon_20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere_hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead_severalyears.6.Itsfiveyears_wemetlasttime.,for,since,for,since,for,since,下一页,上一页,主菜单,用Havebeento,havegoneto,havebeenin填空,Mikeandhisparents_thenorthforhalfayear.Mumisnotathomenow.she_theshop._youever_tokunming?Never.Where_you_thesedays?HasJimarrivedyet?Yes,he_hereforseveraldays.WhereisPeter?Idontknowwherehe_.HiJim!Where_you_?LiLeiislookingforyou.,havebeenin,hasgoneto,havebeen,Havebeen,hasbeen,hasgone,havebeen,下一页,上一页,主菜单,改错1.HowlonghaveyoubeguntostudyEnglish?2.Ihaveborrowedthisbookfortwoweeks.3.TheriverhasbecomeverydirtysincelastAugust.4.Ourmanagerisawaytoday.HehasbeentoGuangzhouonbusiness.5.Hehasgoneoutfortwoyears.,studied,kept,been,gone,been,下一页,上一页,主菜单,Thehouseisdirty.We_itforweeks.AdidntcleanBhadntcleanedCdontcleanDhaventcleaned2.-_thesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.-Yes,italldependsontheweather.AIvebeentoldBIvetoldCImtoldDItold3.-Imsorrytokeepyouwaiting.-Oh,notatall.I_hereonlyafewminutes.AhavebeenBhadbeenCwasDwillbe4.Youdontneedtodescribeher.I_herseveraltimes.A.hadmetBhavem