现在完成时讲解课件98517.ppt

语法课堂,上一页,现在完成时,下一页,主菜单,现在完成时,主菜单,上一页,下一页,现在完成时的构成,现在完成时的主要用法,现在完成时的时间状语及动词过去分词,短暂性动词与时间段的关系,havebeen与havegone比较,与一般过去时的用法比较,Mother:John,cleanyourteethplease.,John:Mum,Ihavealready(已经)cleanedthem.,现在完成时的构成,主菜单,上一页,下一页,主语+have(has）+过去分词,例句：,Ihavealreadyhadlunch.Haveyouhadlunchyet?Yes,Ihave.No,Ihavent.Ihaventhadlunchyet.Hehasgonetothelibrary?他是去了图书馆。,现在完成时的基本句型：,肯定式：主语+助动词have/has+动词的过去分词.疑问式：助动词Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词?否定式:主语+助动词have/has+not+动词的过去分词.,现在完成时的主要用法,上一页,下一页,-Itssodark.-Someonehasturnedoffthelight.(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑),-Areyoufree?-Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Iamfree.(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空),主菜单,用法1.表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的结果或影响。(与一般过去时对比，一般过去时强调的是发生在过去的动作而现在完成时强调的是现在的结果或影响。),现在完成时的主要用法,用法2.动作发生在过去，并且一直延续到现在，甚至还可能继续延续下去。Ihavelivedherefor3years.HehastaughtEnglishsince2001.,3.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历.,上一页,下一页,IhaveeverbeentotheSummerPalace?(我曾去过颐和园),Ihaveneverhadacar.(我从未有过汽车。),现在完成时的主要用法,主菜单,现在完成时的时间状语,常与already,never,ever,just,yet,before,uptonow,sofar,forthelastfewweeksthesedays,sinceforalongtime连用,上一页,下一页,主菜单,12,动词过去分词的变化规则,规则变化：一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed，如：workedplayedwantedacted以不发音的-e结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如：livedmoveddecidedhoped以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i再加-ed，如：studiedtriedcopiedcried以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stoppedbeggeddroppedplanned,13,不规则变化AB型can-couldshall-shouldwill-wouldAAA型cost-cost-costcut-cut-cuthit-hit-hithurt-hurt-hurtlet-let-letput-put-putset-set-setshut-shut-shutread-read-readAAB型beat-beat-beatenABA型become-became-becomecome-came-comerun-ran-run,现在完成时标志词,1在表示“用法1”时，现在完成时常和副词already,yet,never,ever,before,just等连用。.,a）already往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气；yet用于否定句和疑问句。,Hehasalreadylefthere.他已经离开这里了。Hashealreadylefthere?他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）Myteachershaventhadbreakfastyet.我的老师们还没有吃早饭。Haveyouwrittentoyourparentsyet?你已经给你父母写过信了吗？,2.yet在现在完成时中的用法,否定句:句末“还(没)”,疑问句:句末“己经”,Eg.Ihaventhadbreakfastyet.Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?,b）never是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而ever表示“曾经”,WehaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我们从来没有去过长城。HaveyoueverbeentoCanada?你们曾经去过加拿大吗？,c）just表示“刚刚”（用于完成时态时，与already，never等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间）,Hehasjustcomeback.他刚刚回来。Theyhavejustfinishedthework.他们刚刚完成那项工作。,现在完成时标志词,1在表示“用法2”时，现在完成时常与since+过去的时间点，for+一段时间，sofar等时间状语连用。,1.for+,Eg.Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.HesstudiedEnglishfor3years.,一段时间,2.since+,从句(一般过去时),单词,词组,(表示过去某一时间的)时间点,Eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.,since:(自以来)1)since+时间点Hehasstayedheresince5oclock.2)since+时间段+agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago.3)since+从句ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.for:(长达）for+时间段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.,since,for的用法:,Takenotes,注1):since也可单独使用,表示“自那时起”;另外since前也可加上ever,以加强语气.Eg.Ihavebeenhere(ever)since.Ihavebeenhere(ever)sinceIgraduatedin2000.,注2):对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用howlong,决不能用when.,Eg.Ihavelivedherefor10years.,Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?,Shehasstoodheresince2hourago.,Howlonghasshestoodhere?,短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换,leave-come/go(to)-arrive(at/in)-get(to)-reach-buy-borrow-finish-,join-start/begin-die-close-open-return-marry-become-,beaway(from),be(in/at),be(in/at),be(in/at),be(in/at),have,keep,beover,bein/bea/an,beon,bedead,beclosed,beopen,beback,bemarried,be,短暂性动词与时间段的关系,短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become,begin,buy,borrow,come(go,arrive),die,finish,join,leave,等。,上一页,下一页,为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延续性动词来代替短暂性动词。,主菜单,becomebe,beginhave,borrowkeep,buyhave,come(go,arrive,get)behere/there/in，diebedead,finishbeover,joinbein（beamemberof）leavebeaway(from),下一页,上一页,主菜单,但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。如：Ihaventboughtthebikeforayear.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。Shehasntcomehereforanhour.她来这儿还没有一个小时。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,翻译练习：1.我买了这块手表五年了。2.这位老人已经死了十年了。,Ihaveboughtthiswatchforfiveyears.Ihavehadthiswatchforfiveyears/since5yearsago.,Theoldmanhasdiedfortenyears.Theoldmanhasbeendeadfortenyears/since10yearsago.,W,W,下一页,上一页,主菜单,3.他已经回来三天了。4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。5.我离开家乡已十年了。,Hehascomebackfor3days.Hehasbeenbackfor3days/since3daysago.,Hehascomeheresince6oclock.Hehasbeenheresince6oclock.,Ihavelefthometownfor10years.Ihavebeenawayfromhometownfor10years.,W,W,W,下一页,上一页,主菜单,havebeen与havegone的用法比较,havebeento意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。havegoneto意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。havebeenin意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”,上一页,下一页,主菜单,HassheeverbeentoNanjing?她曾去过南京吗？Youhaveneverbeenthere,haveyou?你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？IhavebeentoGuiling,Iwenttherelastyear.我去过桂林，我去年去的。ShehasgonetoNanjing.她已经去南京了。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,与一般过去时的用法比较,一.现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）;而一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,四)Itis+一段时间+since+句子(一般过去时)=一段时间+haspassed+since+句子(一般过去时),Eg.ItisfiveyearssinceIjoinedthearmy.=FiveyearshaspassedsinceIjoinedthearmy.,eg：HehasboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他已经买了一本英汉字典。HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他曾买过一本英汉字典。,上一页,下一页,第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Andhestillhasit”“过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典”。,第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强调说明。,主菜单,二当有一个表示过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时:,上一页,下一页,eg:Isawthefilmontelevisionyesterday.,但since(自以来)+某一过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时连用。,eg：Theyhaveknowneachothersince1950.,Sincehewasachild,hehaslivedinEngland.,主菜单,三常与一般过去时连用的典型的表示过去时间的状语:,上一页,下一页,yesterday(昨天),thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),justnow(刚才)，时间+ago,last+时间等;,eg:Theplanetookofftenminutesago.,Wefinishedourtasklastweek.,主菜单,上一页,现在完成时练习,主菜单,动词填空：1._you_(clean)theroom?Yes,we_(do)thatalready.When_you_(do)it?We_(do)itanhourago.2._he_(see)thisfilmyet?Yes.When_he_(see)it?He_itlastweek.3.Howmanytimes_you_(be)there?,Have,cleaned,havedone,did,do,did,Has,seen,did,see,saw,have,been,下一页,上一页,主菜单,4.I_(read)thenoveltwice.Itsinteresting.5.She_(go)toPairs,hasntshe?Yes.How_she_(go)there?She_(go)therebyair.6.Sofar,manycountries_(develop)theirsoftwareprograms.7.MrChen_(give)upsmokinglastyear.8.MrChen_(give)upsmokingsincelastyear.,haveread,hasgone,did,go,went,havedeveloped,gave,hasgiven,下一页,上一页,主菜单,选用for和since填空:1.Wehaventseeneachother_alongtime.2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty_10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon_20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere_hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead_severalyears.6.Itsfiveyears_wemetlasttime.,for,since,for,since,for,since,下一页,上一页,主菜单,用Havebeento,havegoneto,havebeenin填空,Mikeandhisparents_thenorthforhalfayear.Mumisnotathomenow.she_theshop._youever_tokunming?Never.Where_you_thesedays?HasJimarrivedyet?Yes,he_hereforseveraldays.WhereisPeter?Idontknowwherehe_.HiJim!Where_you_?LiLeiislookingforyou.,havebeenin,hasgoneto,havebeen,Havebeen,hasbeen,hasgone,havebeen,下一页,上一页,主菜单,改错1.HowlonghaveyoubeguntostudyEnglish?2.Ihaveborrowedthisbookfortwoweeks.3.TheriverhasbecomeverydirtysincelastAugust.4.Ourmanagerisawaytoday.HehasbeentoGuangzhouonbusiness.5.Hehasgoneoutfortwoyears.,studied,kept,been,gone,been,下一页,上一页,主菜单,Thehouseisdirty.We_itforweeks.AdidntcleanBhadntcleanedCdontcleanDhaventcleaned2.-_thesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.-Yes,italldependsontheweather.AIvebeentoldBIvetoldCImtoldDItold3.-Imsorrytokeepyouwaiting.-Oh,notatall.I_hereonlyafewminutes.AhavebeenBhadbeenCwasDwillbe4.Youdontneedtodescribeher.I_herseveraltimes.A.hadmetBhavemetCmetDmeet5.-WillyougotoBeijingforvacation?-I_togo,butIdontknowifIcango.AwasplanningBhaveplannedChadbeenplanningDhavebeenplanning,6.-Whenwill