采用 PLC 技术的电梯变频调速系统【中文.3140字】
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1VARIABLEFREQUENCYSPEEDREGULATIONSYSTEMOFELEVATORUSINGPLCTECHNOLOGYJIANGJING1,ZHANGXUESONG21JIANGJING,NORTHCHINAINSTITUTEOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY,CHINAUNIVERSITYOFMININGANDTECHNOLOGYBEIJING,BEIJING,CHINAMAILJIANGJINGCUMTBEDUCN2ZHANGXUESONG,SCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYONELECTROOPTICALINFORMATIONSECURITY,CONTROLLABORATORY,328,HEBEI,CHINA,EMAILXUESONGZHANGIAACCNABSTRACTINTHISPAPER,THESYSTEMOFVARIABLEFREQUENCYSPEEDREGULATIONBASEDONPLCWASPROPOSEDFIRSTLY,THEOVERALLSTRUCTUREOFCONTROLSYSTEMWASDETERMINEDINVERTERANDPROGRAMMABLELOGICCONTROLLERWERECHOSENTOCOMPLETEVARIABLEFREQUENCYSPEEDREGULATIONSECONDLY,PARAMETERSOFINVERTERWERESETBYDEVELOPSYSTEMHARDWAREPLCDRIVESELECTIONAND110POINTSDISTRIBUTIONWERECOMPLETEDROTARYENCODERWASCONNECTEDWITHPLCINTERFACEFINALLY,THESOFTWAREFLOWCHARTSANDLADDERPROGRAMSWEREDESIGNEDBYANALYSISOFELEVATORSYSTEMONTHEBASISOFSOFTWAREDESIGNMETHODSKEYWORDSVARIABLEFREQUENCYSPEEDREGULATIONPROGRAMLOGICCONTROLLERELEVATORCONTROLSYSTEMIINTRODUCTIONHUMANPOWERWASUSEDASSIMPLELIFTINGEQUIPMENTBEFORECHRISTINCHINA,UNTILNOWHANDGINSTILLWASUSEDASLIFTINGDEVICEFOREXTRACTIONWELLSWATERINSOMERURALOFNORTHERNAREASSOCHINAISONEOFTHEEARLIESTCOUNTRIESOFTHEWORLDINTHEASPECTOFELEVATORPROTOTYPE1IN1854,ELISAGRAVESOTISFROMAMERICANSHADSHOWNHISINVENTIONATTHEWORLDEXPOTOTHEWORLDINTHECRYSTALPALACEFROMNEWYORK,WHICHWASTHEFIRSTSAFETYELEVATORINHISTORY2SINCETHEN,ELEVATORHASBEENWIDELYUSEDINTHEWORLDINMODEMLIFEANDECONOMICACTIVITY,ELEVATORHASBECOMEASIGNOFTHECITYELEVATORHASBEENUSEDASESSENTIALVERTICALTRANSPORTATIONEQUIPMENT,ESPECIALLYINHIGHRISEBUILDINGTHECONTROLSYSTEMSOFRELAYSWEREUSEDINTHECONVENTIONALELEVATOR,WHOSECONTROLFUNCTIONSANDSIGNALPROCESSINGWEREREALIZEDBYHARDWAREMOSTOFELECTRICALCOMPONENTSWERECOMMONCONTROLELECTRICALAPPLIANCES3SUCHELEVATORHASBEENPRODUCEDWITHMATURETECHNOLOGYINTHEPASTYEARS,WHICHHASBEENFORMEDSERIESOFPRODUCTSWITHTHERAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFSOCIALECONOMYANDIMPROVEMENTOFLIFEQUALITY,THESHORTCOMINGSFROMTRADITIONALELEVATORCONTROLLEDBYORIGINALDCCONVERTERANDRELAYHADBEENMOREANDMOREOBVIOUSANDEXPOSEDMANYPROBLEMSITHETRADITIONALELEVATORCONTROLSYSTEMHAVEHIGHFAILURERATETHATWEREMAINLYDUETONUMEROUSCONTACTS,COMPLEXITYOFWIRINGCIRCUITINADDITION,ELECTRICALCONTACTSWEREEASYTOBUMOUT,WHICHCOULDRESULTINPOORCONTACT2ELECTRICALCONTROLLERANDHARDWAREWIRINGBASEDONCOMMONMETHODWEREDIFFICULTTOACHIEVEAMORECOMPLEXCONTROLFUNCTION,THATIS,WHYTHEFUNCTIONSOFSYSTEMCONTROLWEREDIFFICULTTOINCREASE3ELECTROMAGNETICAGENCIESAND2CONTACTACTIONWERESOSLOW,MECHANICALANDELECTROMAGNETICHAVELARGEINERTIATHEREFORE,THECONTROLPRECISIONOFSYSTEMWASDIFFICULTTORISE4THETRADITIONALELEVATORCONTROLSYSTEMSHAVESOMESHORTCOMINGS,SUCHASLARGESTRUCTURE,HIGHENERGYCONSUMPTION,SERIOUSMECHANICALNOISEANDSOON5DUETOLINECOMPLEXANDHIGHFAILURERATEOFCONTROLSYSTEM,LARGEMAINTENANCEWORKLOADANDHIGHCOSTWEREREQUIREDITWASSHOWNTHATWESHOULDEXECUTEACOMPREHENSIVETRANSFORMATIONTOTHETRADITIONALELEVATORCONTROLSYSTEMIIINVERTERPARAMETERSDESIGNELEVATORSWEREUSEDASVERTICALTRANSPORTTOOL,WHICHBELONGTOPOTENTIALENERGYLOADANDREQUIREFREQUENTSTARTANDSTOP4WITHTHECHANGEOFTHEPASSENGERCAPACITIES,UPORDOWNTRANSFORMATION,THEMOTORHASMINIMUMLOADWHENELEVATORWASRUNINNOLOADUPGOINGORHEAVYLOADDOWNGOING,MOTORWASUSEDINTHESTATEOFPOWERGENERATIONSIMILARLY,THEMOTORHASMAXIMUMLOADWHENELEVATORWASRUNINHEAVYLOADUPGOINGORNOLOADDOWNGOING,MOTORWASUSEDINTHESTATEOFPOWERTHEREFORE,THEMOTORWASREQUIREDTORUNINTHEFOURQUADRANTSOFAXIS5THECHANGEOFMOTORWORKSTATESWEREREALIZEDBYCONTACTORSINTHETRACTIONMOTOROFTRADITIONALELEVATORSPEEDCONTROLOFMOTORWASCOMPLETEDBYSERIESRESISTANCEORSERIESREACTANCEINTHESTATORCIRCUITOFTWOSPEEDASYNCHRONOUSMOTOR,WHICHCANNOTSATISFYTHECOMFORTOFPASSENGERSTRADITIONALRELAYCONTROLMODESWEREREPLACEDBYPLCCONTROLMETHOD,WHICHCOULDGRADUALLYTRANSITEDFROMDCSPEEDADJUSTINGSYSTEMTOACVARIABLEFREQUENCYSPEEDADJUSTINGSYSTEMINTHEMODESOFMOTORDRAG6AINVERTERTYPESELECTINVERTERISTHEVOLTAGEFREQUENCYCONVERTER,WHICHCOULDCONVERTACWITHFIXEDFREQUENCYTOADJUSTABLEFREQUENCYVOLTAGEACTOSUPPLYTHEMOTOROPERATIONCONSIDEREDCONTROLREQUIREMENTSANDRELIABILITYFACTORSFROMELEVATOR,ANCHUANVS616G5DIGITALINVERTERWASUSEDINTHISDESIGNTHEPGCARDANDROTARYENCODERSMUSTBEEQUIPPEDWITHVS616G5INVERTERINTHESPEEDCONTROLSYSTEMOFELEVATORINORDERTOSUPPLYMOTORSPEEDANDFEEDBACK7ROTARYENCODERWASCONNECTEDWITHTHECOAXIALOFMOTORTODETECTTHEMOTORSPEEDA,BWEREREPRESENTEDASTWOPHASEPULSEOUTPUTSFROMROTARYENCODERWHENAPHASEPULSEWASAHEADOFBPHASEPULSE90,THEELECTRICMOTORWASOPERATEDINTHESTATEOFFORWARDROTATIONSIMILAR,WHENTHEAPHASEPULSEWASLAGOFTHEBPHASEPULSE90,THEELECTRICMOTORWASOPERATEDINTHESTATEOFREVERSEROTATIONACCORDINGTOPHASESEQUENCEOFA,BPULSE,THEDIRECTIONOFMOTORROTATIONCOULDBEDETERMINEDBYROTARYENCODERMOTORSPEEDCOULDALSOBEMEASUREDBYFREQUENCYORPERIODOFA,BPULSEFEEDBACKSIGNALSWERESENTINTOVS61605THROUGHPOCARDTOOPERATIONREGULATION8THEPULSEWAVEFORMOFA,BPHASESWERESHOWNINFIGUREI3BCALCULATIONOFINVERTERCAPACITYANDBRAKINGRESISTORWEHADSUPPOSEDTHATELEVATORMOTORPOWEROFTRACTIONMACHINEWASDEFINEDASP1,OPERATESPEEDOFTHEELEVATORWASV1,LIFTWEIGHTWASW1,LIFTTRUCKWASW2,ADDITIONALWEIGHTW3,ACCELERATIONOFGRAVITYWASG,POWEROFINVERTERWASPWITHTHEMAXIMUMLOAD,THETRACTIONPOWERP2INTHEPROCESSOFELEVATORRISE9WHICH,WASFRICTIONCOULDBENEGLIGIBLEINVERTERPOWERPSHOULDBECLOSETOELECTRICALPOWERP1,THESAFETYSURPLUSCAPACITYMUSTBECONSIDEREDRELATIVETOTRACTIONPOWERP2THEREFORE,P15P2,WECOULDKNOWNFROMEXPERIENCEVALUE,THEREFORE,THEINVERTERCAPACITYWASSELECTEDABOUT15KWASELEVATORWASPOTENTIALENERGYLOAD,VARIABLEFREQUENCYSPEEDREGULATIONSYSTEMSHOULDHAVEABRAKEFUNCTIONSINCEELEVATORCOULDGENERATERENEWABLEENERGYDURINGTHEPROCESSOFOPERATIONWHENVS61605WASUSEDINTHESYSTEMOFSPEEDCONTROL,THEBRAKINGRESISTORSMUSTALSOBECONFIGUREDWHENTHEELEVATORWASWORKEDINTHEDECELERATION,THEELECTRICMOTORWASRUNINTHEPOWERGENERATIONSTATEANDFEEDBACKPOWERTOTHEINVERTERDCPARTVOLTAGEFROMACDCACINVERTERCOULDINCREASEWHENSYNCSPEEDDROPPED10THEROLEOFBRAKINGRESISTORWASFEEDBACKPOWERANDSUPPRESSESDCVOLTAGERENEWABLEENERGYWERECONSUMEDINTHEBRAKINGRESISTORTHROUGHTHEBRAKEUNITBYUSEOFTHEENERGYCONSUMPTIONBRAKINGMODE,WHICHHASLOWERCOSTANDGOODRESULTSTHEVALUEOFENERGYCONSUMPTIONBRAKINGRESISTORR2SHOULDBEMADETHEVALUEOFTHE4BRAKINGCURRENTIZDOESNOTEXCEEDTHEHALFOFTHEINVERTERCURRENTWHICH,U0WASDEFINEDASDCBUSVOLTAGEOFINVERTERINTHERATEDSTATE,R230BECAUSETHEWORKOFBRAKINGRESISTORWASNOTCONTINUOUSLONGTERMWORK,THEPOWERCOULDBESIGNIFICANTLYLESSTHANTHEPOWERCONSUMEDIIIHARDWAREDESIGNTHEHARDWAREOFELEVATORCONTROLSYSTEMWASCOMPOSEDBYCARLATERALCONTROLPANEL,ELEVATORLANDINGDOORSIGNAL,INVERTER,ANDADJUSTABLESPEEDDRIVESTHESTRUCTURECHARTOFCONTROLSYSTEMWASSHOWNINFIGURE2THEFUNCTIONOFADJUSTABLESPEEDWASCOMPLETEDBYINVERTERANDLOGICCONTROLSECTIONWASCOMPLETEDBYTHEPLCCONTROLLERTHELOGICRELATIVESOFVARIOUSSIGNALSWERERESPONSIBLEFORPLCTOSENDON/OFFCONTROLSIGNALSTOINVERTERATTHESAMETIME,THEWORKINGSTATUSFROMINVERTERWASTRANSPORTEDTOPLC,THEBILATERALCONTACTRELATIONSHIPSWEREESTABLISHEDTHESPEEDLOOPANDPOSITIONLOOPWEREESTABLISHEDBYESTABLISHEDTOCOMPLETESPEEDTESTANDFEEDBACKBYEQUIPWITHPOCARDANDROTARYENCODER,WHICHCOULDBECONNECTEDWITHMOTORCOAXIALCONNECTORINADDITION,THESYSTEMALSOMUSTBECONFIGUREDWITHTHEBRAKERESISTOR11WHENTHEELEVATORDECELERATION,DCVOLTAGEHYPERTENSIONMUSTBESUPPRESSEDDUETOMOTORWORKINGINTHESTATEOFRENEWABLEGENERATIONPOWER,WHICHWILLBACKPOWERTOINVERTERAMOTORDRIVECONTROLSYSTEMSIMILARASOTHERELEVATORCONTROLSYSTEMS,CONTROLSYSTEMBASEDONPLCWASALSOMAINLYCOMPOSEDOFTWOPARTS,THATIS,SIGNALCONTROLSYSTEMANDMOTORDRIVECONTROL5SYSTEMTHEBASICSTRUCTUREOFPLCELEVATORCONTROLSYSTEMWASSHOWNINFIGURE3THEMAINHARDWAREHADBEENINCLUDEDBYPLCCONTROLLER,CPUMEMORY,MACHINERY,CARLATERALCONTROLPANEL,CALLELEVATORPLATEOUTSIDEOFHALL,LAYERDEVICE,GATEMACHINE,ADJUSTABLESPEEDDRIVES,MAINMOTORDRIVESYSTEMANDSOONACCORDINGTOTHEPOSITIONDETECTIONMETHODOFCARLATERALFROMROTARYENCODER,AHIGHSPEEDCOUNTERWASREQUIREDINTHEPROGRAMMABLELOGICCONTROLLERFX2NPLCFROMMITSUBISHICOMPANYMADEINJAPANWASCHOSENTHECONTROLINSTRUCTIONSFROMELEVATORWEREREALIZEDBYPLCSOFTWARETHEMANAGEMENTANDCONTROLFUNCTIONSOFCOMMANDSIGNALSWERECOMPLETEDBYPLCCONTROLLER,SUCHASSTART,ACCELERATION/DECELERATIONANDSTOPOFELEVATORTRACTIONMOTORANDOPEN/CLOSEDOORMOTOR,OPERATEDIRECTION,FLOORDISPLAY,LANDINGCALL,CARLATERALINTERNALOPERATIONCOMMAND,SECURITYANDSOONBSIGNALCONTROLSYSTEMINPUTCONTROLSIGNALTOTHEPLCHAVEINCLUDEDTHATRUNMODESELECTION,OPERATIONCONTROLSIGNAL,CARLATERALINTERNALINSTRUCTIONS,ELEVATORPLATECALLS,SIGNALSECURITYINFORMATION,ROTARYENCODERS,OPTICALPULSE,ON/OFFDOORCONTROLLERANDLIMITLEVELSIGNALS,DOORAREAANDFLATLAYERSIGNALSTHECONTROLSYSTEMOFSIXLEVELELEVATORSWASUSEDASANEXAMPLEINTHISPAPERACCORDINGTOTHENEEDOFCONTROLSWITCH,ABOUT48INPUTPOINTSAND30OUTPUTPOINTSNEEDTOBECONTROLFX2NA128MRMODELOFPLCWASCHOSENWHENWEHAVECONSIDEREDABOUT10TO15SURPLUSCAPACITYOFCONTROLPOINTS12THESIGNALCONTROLSYSTEMOFELEVATORWASSHOWNINFIGURE46IVSOFTWAREPROCESSAMAINPROGRAMCONTROLSYSTEMPROPOSEDFROMTHISPAPERWASASYSTEMOFCOLLECTIVESELECTIVECONTROLTHEMODULARPROGRAMMINGMETHODSWEREUSEDTOCLASSIFYVARIOUSPROPERTIESOFOUTPUTSIGNAL,MEDIUMREGISTERSWEREUSEDTOCONNECTDIFFERENTMODULESTOTRANSMITINFORMATIONSYSTEMSOFTWARECOULDBEDIVIDEDINTOSOMEFOLLOWMODULES,THATIS,FLOORDETECTIONCIRCUITMODULE,SEVENSEGMENTLEDDISPLAYFLOORCIRCUITMODULE,ELEVATORDIRECTIONSELECTIONCIRCUITMODULE,DECELERATIONPOINTSIGNALGENERATORCIRCUITMODULES,ON/OFFDOOROFELEVATORCARLATERALCIRCUITMODULE,BUTTONMEMORYLIGHTSDISPLAYCIRCUITMODULEANDTHEOTHERMODULESINTHEFLOORDETECTIONCIRCUITMODULE,FLOORENCODINGWEREREADINTOANDMEMORYSIGNALSWERESAVEDINTHECORRESPONDINGREGISTERSUNTILTHEFLOORCHANGESLEDDISPLAYWASCONTROLLEDINTHESEVENSEGMENTDISPLAYCIRCUITMODULEELEVATORUPORDOWNJUDGMENTSINRESPONSETOCALLTHEELEVATORWERECOMPLETEDINTHEELEVATORDIRECTIONSELECTIONCIRCUITMODULEMAINPROGRAMFLOWCHARTOFSYSTEMSOFTWAREWASSHOWNINFIGURE5BFLOORDISPLAYPROGRAMELEVATORWILLRUNNINGINTHEDECELERATIONSTATEWHENCURRENTFLOORCONSISTENTWITHTARGETDETECTIONFLOORDURINGTHEPROCESSOFOPERATION,ELEVATORWILLGOTHROUGHMANYFLOORDETECTIONPOINTSDECELERATIONNOTIFICATIONWILLBEEMITTEDONLYWHENELEVATORREACHTHEDETECTPOINTOFGOALFLOORAFTERRECEIVEDECELERATIONNOTIFICATIONSIGNAL,ELEVATORHADSTARTEDSLOWDOWNTHEFLOWCHARTOFFLOORDISPLAYPROGRAMWASSHOWNINFIGURE6PLCOUTPUTPORTSWEREDIRECTLYCONNECTEDWITHSEVENSEGMENTLED,WHICHNEEDNOTEXTERNALHARDWAREDECODERSEVENSEGMENTLEDWASCOMPILEDBYPLCSOFTWARETODIRECTLYDISPLAYFLOORNUMBERTHESEVENSEGMENTLEDDIGITALTUBEWASCOMMONLYUSED,WHICHISADIGITALDISTRIBUTIONINAPLANEBYANUMBEROFLIGHTEMITTINGDIODESORLIQUIDCRYSTALSEGMENTSTOFORMAVARIETYOFDIGITALCODESEVENSEGMENTLEDDIGITALTUBEWASDISTRIBUTEDINAPLANEDIGITALCODESOFFLOORWERECOMPOSEDBYSOMELIGHTEMITTINGDIODESORLIQUIDCRYSTALSEGMENTSSEVENSEGMENTLEDDISPLAYCIRCUITWASSHOWNASFIGURE77INTHEDISPLAYCIRCUITOFSEVENSEGMENTCODE,INPUTPINA,B,C,D,E,F,GOFLEDWERECONNECTEDWITH24VPOWERSUPPLY,THENTHECORRESPONDINGSECTIONWILLBELIGHTED,THECONTROLTERMINALSY10Y16OFPROGRAMMABLELOGICCONTROLLERWILLBECLOSEDOROPEN,WHICHCOULDCONTROLONOROFFSTATETOAPPEARTHECORRESPONDINGVALUEINTHEAPPROPRIATESECTIONOFLEDDIGITALDISPLAYOFVALUESANDCORRESPONDPINSWERESHOWNINTABLEIAMONGTHEM,OUTPUTSTATEIWASDEFINEDASBRIGHTFIELDOFTHESEVENSEGMENTSLEDOUTPUTSTATE0WASDEFINEDASDARKFIELDOFTHESEVENSEGMENTSLEDVCONCLUDESVARIABLEFREQUENCYSPEEDREGULATIONANDPROGRAMMABLELOGICCONTROLLERTECHNOLOGYWEREUSEDTOTRANSFORMOLDELEVATORTHERELIABILITYOFTHEELEVATORWASIMPROVEDTHROUGHREASONABLEEQUIPMENTSELECTION,PARAMETERSETTINGANDSOFTWAREDESIGNTHEELEVATORSAFTERTRANSFORMATIONHAVEOBVIOUSADVANTAGESSUCHASSTRUCTURECOMPACT,LOWNOISE,HIGHEFFICIENCY,SIMPLYMAINTENANCEANDLOWFAILURERATETHEELEVATORBASEDONVARIABLEFREQUENCYSPEEDREGULATIONANDPROGRAMMABLELOGICCONTROLLERTECHNOLOGYHAVEIMPROVEPASSENGERCOMFORTANDRELIABLEMAINTENANCECOSTSANDPOWERCONSUMPTIONOFMOTORWEREREDUCEDSIGNIFICANTLYBUTTHEREARESTILLMANYAREASFORIMPROVEMENTICHANGEDWITHFLUCTUATEINTRAFFICTHEFUNCTIONSOFSELECTDIRECTIONOFELEVATORWEREOPTIMIZEDTOACHIEVETHEPURPOSEOFEFFICIENTTRANSPORTOFPASSENGERS2EMERGENCYAPPROACHESWILLBEINCREASEDINTHEFAULTCONDITIONSTHESEPROBLEMSWILLTOBEPERFECTINTHEFUTUREACKNOWLEDGMENTFIRSTANDFOREMOST,IWOULDLIKETOSHOWMYDEEPESTGRATITUDETOMYSUPERVISOR,DRZHANG,ARESPECTABLE,RESPONSIBLEANDRESOURCEFULSCHOLAR,WHOHASPROVIDEDMEWITHVALUABLEGUIDANCEINEVERYSTAGEOFTHEWRITINGOFTHISTHESISISHALLEXTENDMYTHANKSTOMRWANGFORALLHISKINDNESSANDHELPIWOULDALSOLIKETOTHANKALLMYTEACHERSWHOHAVEHELPEDMETODEVELOPTHEFUNDAMENTALANDESSENTIALACADEMICCOMPETENCEMYSINCEREAPPRECIATIONALSOGOESTOALLMYFRIENDSFORTHEIRENCOURAGEMENTANDSUPPORT8采用PLC技术的电梯变频调速系统摘要本文提出了基于PLC测定的变频调速调节系统。首先，对控制系统的整体结构进行了测定。选择变频器和可编程逻辑控制器，来完成变频调速调节。其次，设定变频器的系统硬件参数。选择PLC的驱动点和I/O端子的分配，旋转编码器与PLC的接口连接。最后，在软件设计的基础上，完成软件流程图和梯形图程序，分析出电梯设计系统的方法。关键词变频调速；可编程逻辑控制器；电梯控制系统。一、引言在早期的中国，人的力量被用来作为简单的起重设备，直到现在，北方地区的一些农村手动提取井水的升降装置仍在使用。因此，中国是世界上最早的在电梯的原型1方面有建树的国家之一。1854年，来自美国的格雷夫斯在纽约水晶宫世博会上向世界展示了他的发明，这是史上第一部安全电梯2。此后，电梯在世界上得到了广泛的应用。在现代生活和经济活动中，电梯已经成为了城市的标志。电梯作为重要的垂直运输工具，尤其是在高层建筑中。继电器控制系统曾被用于常规的电梯中，其控制功能和信号处理由硬件来实现。许多的电气元件来共同控制电器3。在过去的几年，电梯的生产技术愈发成熟，已形成系列产品。随着经济社会的快速发展和生活质量的提高，由传统的DC转换器和继电器控制的电梯，缺点越来越明显，暴露出诸多问题（1）传统的电梯控制系统故障率较高，主要是由于多次接触，复杂的布线电路。此外，电接点易燃，这可能会导致接触不良。（2）电机控制器与硬件接线根据常用的方式，难以实现更复杂的控制功能，也就是难以提高系统控制的性能。（3）电磁机构和接触点动作慢，机械和电磁惯性大。因此，系统的控制精度难以提高。（4）传统的电梯控制系统也存在一些缺点，如结构庞大，能耗高，机械噪声大等。（5）由于线路复杂、故障率高，必然导致控制系统维护量大、成本高。结果表明，我们应该来完成传统的电梯控制系统的完全改造。9二、变频器参数设定电梯作为垂直运输的工具，属于位能负载设备，并需要频繁启动和停止4。电梯随着载客量，向上、向下变化，电机的最小负荷而变化。当电梯在无负载或重负载下，电机在发电状态。同样地，电机具有最大负载时，在重负载上行或无负载下行状态时，电机处于用电状态。因此，电动机的运行轴5的四个象限中。传统的电梯由牵引电动机驱动，电机的工作状态的变化，由接触器实现。在定子电路的串联电阻或串联电抗，且电动机的速度控制由双速异步电动机来完成，不能满足乘客的舒适性。用PLC来取代传统继电器控制模式，它可以在电机拖动过程中，从直流调速的模式逐步过渡到交流变频调速。A变频器的选择变频器可以实现电压频率的转换，它可以转换交流与固定频率，交流电压频率调节后供给电机使用。考虑从电梯的控制要求和可靠性，本次设计使用安川VS616G5数字变频器。在速度控制系统的电梯中PG卡和旋转编码器必须配备于VS616G5变频器，以供给电动机速度控制和反馈动作7。通过电机同轴连接的旋转编码器来检测电机的转速。A，B分别表示为两相旋转编码器的脉冲输出。当A相脉冲超前B相脉冲90度时，电动机正向旋转的状态。类似的，当A相脉冲滞后B相脉冲90度时，电动机操作的反向旋转状态。根据A，B脉冲的相序，确定电机的旋转方向。测量电机转速的同时也可以测量出A，B脉冲频率或周期。反馈信号发送到VS61605通过PG卡到变频器8。图一所示的脉冲波形A，B。10B变频器容量的计算和制动电阻我们定义电梯曳引机的电机功率为P1，运行的电梯速度为V1，起重量为W1，W2，额外的重量W3，重力加速度为G，电源逆变器是P随着的最大负载在电梯上升9的过程中，牵引功率为P2。其中，F1，可忽略不计。变频器的功率P接近电梯电源P1，安全性能，必须考虑牵引功率P2。P15P2，因此，我们可以得知经验值，此时，变频器的容量约为15KW。随着电梯潜在的能量的加载，可变的频率速度调控系统应该有一个制动函数，因为电梯可能在操作过程中产生可再生的能量。当系统速度控制中使用了VS616G5，必须配置制动电阻器。当电梯被用在减速过程时，所述电动从发电状态，反馈到变频器的发电状态。DC从ACDCAC逆变器可以增加,当同步速度下降时。制动电阻器的作用是反馈信号抑制直流电压。可再生能源的被消耗了在制动电阻
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