孔子与儒家(英文介绍)PPT课件.ppt

.,1,Confucius,ConfucianismandChrist,Christianity,.,2,Confucius:LatinizedspellingChinesename:KongFuzi孔夫子(MasterKong)551-479BCtitles:TheFirstHolyOne,FirstTeacher,TeacheroftheTenThousandGenerationsNeverlivedtoseehisdoctrinesputintopractice,.,3,ATimeofTurmoil,ZhouDynasty(1122-253BC)GoldenAge-ThereignofYuWang(780BC)Feudallordsinpower,Emperorisemptytitle,“Chinawasnolongeronecountrybutadozen,eachpotentiallytheenemyofanyother”,.,4,IsConfucianismaphilosophy,acodeofethics,orareligion?,.,5,Confucianismasasystemofethics,MoralconductisthebasisofsocialharmonyEmphasisonselfdisciplineandeducationObligationtofamilyFamilyasmicrocosmoftheuniverseStrictFathervs.NurturingParentmodel,.,6,Confucianismasaphilosophy,“Confucianismsrootmetaphorwasandisaconcernfortheworld”Humanity,reciprocity,empathyCollectiveIndividualHumansaregood,butwestrayEducationandself-discipline,.,7,.,8,Confucianismasareligion,Religion=communityofpeoplewhosharebeliefs,culturalpractices,worshipadeity/deities“somethingdonewithgreatattentiontodetail”Confucianphilosophyofselfdiscipline,.,9,Confucianismasareligion,ConfuciuswasnotagodoraprophetHedidnotcreatetheseideas,butmerelyrestoredthem“AstobeingaDivineSageorevenaGoodMan,farbeitfrommetomakeanysuchclaim.”,“Iamnotoneofthosewhohaveinnateknowledge.Iamsimplyonewholovesthepastandwhoisdiligentininvestigatingit”,.,10,Confucianismasareligion,RitualsforalloccasionsoflifeVenerationofancestorsMeditationNoinitiationormembershipHeavenisamanifestationofGodThewordsareinterchangeableHeavenmeansgoodness.TobegoodistoliveinharmonywithheavenMencius“Heavendoesnotspeak”,.,11,Ren仁,Aprincipleofmutuality,human-heartedness,andempathy.Theabilitytoempathizewithanothersdiscomfortthatwouldpreventthemoralpersontorefrainfromactinginwaysthatwouldcausediscomfort.SimilartoChristianitysGoldenRuleBasicallyApersondoesallactionsforthesakeofJenbecausetherespectforhumanityimpliestherighthumanwaytoact.,.,12,Yi义（義）,Righteousness,moraldescriptiontodogood.Actinginawayordoingwhatneedstobedonesimplybecauseitoughttobedone,notforpersonalgainorprofit.BasicallyApersondoesallactionforthesakeofYibecausetheyaretherightthingtodo.,.,13,Li礼（禮）,Istheprincipleofgainorbenefit,orderorpropriety.TwomainaspectsofLi:Guidetohumanrelationshipsandrulesofproperaction.Guidetosocialorderorgeneralorderingoflife.,.,14,Li礼,TheFiveRelationshipsallrepresentthewaythingsshouldbedoneinasociallifeFatherandSon(lovingandreverential)OlderBrotherandYoungerBrother(gentleandrespectful)HusbandandWife(goodandlistening)OlderFriendandYoungerFriend(considerateanddifferential)RulerandSubject(benevolentandloyal),.,15,Ming命,“MandateofHeaven”,fateordestiny.AccordingtoConfucius,Mingissimplythewaythingsareinthecourseofthings.Hedeclaredthathisprinciplesprevailedwereming,andiftheydidnottheywerealsoming.Confuciusbelievedthatthebestthingwecandoistodowhatweoughttodounderthecircumstances.,.,16,DoctrineoftheMean中庸,“MiddleWay”Avoidingallextremesineitherthoughtoraction,butapplyingaprinciplestandardofmeasurementtohisorherownmotivesandactions.,.,17,FilialPiety孝,Reverenceandextremerespectforparents.AhugepartofChineseculturethathasbeenadoptedintothreemainreligions:Confucianism,Buddhism,andDaoism.Variesfromtakingcareoftheparentstoburyingthemproperlyafterdeath.“Whenyourfatherisaliveobservehisintentions.Whenheisdeceased,modelyourselfonthememoryofhisbehavior.Ifin3yearsafterhisdeath,youhavenotdeviatedfromyourfathersways,thenyoumaybeconsideredafilialchild”-Confucius,.,18,TheFiveClassics五经,ClassicofHistoryClassicofPoetryorBookofOdesClassicofRitesBookofChangesorIChingSpringandAutumnAnnals,.,19,TheFourBooks四书,AnalectsofConfuciusDoctrineoftheMeanGreatLearningMencius,.,20,ErosvsAgape爱（愛）,ErosSexual,romanticlove,AgapeDeepestlove,basedondoinggoodthingsforanotherpersonUnconditional,.,21,IsConfucianismEros,Agape,orneither?,仁者爱人。道德仁义，非礼不成；,.,22,TheThreeUniversalVirtues,Love仁Wisdom知Courage勇Tobeusedthrougheducation,self-discipline,andtheacceptanceofshame,.,23,-LoveForAll-FamilyAndSociety,RespectStartsintheFamilyOnecanthenbranchofftoSocietyConductoneselfwiththoughttowardfamilyandothers.,.,24,Education,ConfucianismemphasizeseducationShouldonlybedonefortheadvancementofonesknowledgeNotforfame,wealth,admiration.,.,25,GoldenRule,LikemostreligionsHumansneedtorespectandtreatothersastheythemselveswouldwishtobetreated,.,26,IndividualSelf-Interest,FrowneduponCollectiveWell-BeingRememberRenandYi?,.,27,TheVirtuousPerson,“DoingforNothing”WorkasaSocietyThevirtuouspersonactsinwaysonlybecauseitshouldbedoneasopposedtoactinginwaysforprofitorotherpersonalbenefits.,.,28,ChristianityandConfucianism,.,29,ChristianityandConfucianism,“TheGoldenRule”,.,30,ChristianityandConfucianism,Othersimilarities.BibleandtheFiveClassicsa