圣帕特里克节有关的英语（课堂PPT）

1,St.PatricksDay圣帕特里克节,2,英国的凯特王妃穿上绿色大衣；美国总统奥巴马系上绿色领带；澳大利亚的悉尼歌剧院变成绿色,WhyAreTheyAllInGreen?,3,爱尔兰的大瀑布也都变成绿色；连GoogleDoodle都被设计成绿色。,WhyAreTheyAllInGreen?,4,Questions,Whyaretheyallingreen?WhatisSt.PatricksDay?Whatstory?HowDoWeCelebrateSt.PatricksDay?Whatarethetraditionsandsymbolsforit?,5,St.PatricksDay,St.PatricksDayoccursannuallyonMarch17inobservanceofthedeathofSt.Patrick,thepatronsaintofIreland.Whatbeganasareligiousfeastdayinthe17thcenturyhasevolvedintoavarietyoffestivalsacrosstheglobecelebratingIrishculturewithparades,specialfoods,music,dancing,andawholelotofgreen.,6,7,8,TestYourShamrockSmarts,Ah,itsthattimeoftheyearagain-thetimeforgreenmilkshakes,4leafclovergreencostumejewelry,andbucketsuponbucketsofdyedgreenbeer.JusthowknowledgeableareyouaboutSt.PatricksDay?Takeourshortquiz-answersbelow(nocheating!),9,Question1,WhyistheShamrock(3leafclover)associatedwithSt.PatricksDay?BecausetheyreprettyBecausethethreeleavesrepresentthe3foundationsoftheIrishcultureBecausethethreeleavesrepresenttheHolyTrinityBecausethethreeleavesrepresentthethreecolorsoftheIrishflag,10,Question1,Answer(c).TheshamrockwasoriginallyateachingtoolthatSt.PatrickissaidtohaveusedtoexplainthewhattheHolyTrinity(Father,Son,andHolySpirit)wastotheIrish.,11,Question2TrueorFalse-St.PatrickisfromIreland.Question4TrueorFalse-InAmerica,itsatraditiontopinchanybodywhoisntwearinggreenonSt.PatricksDay.,12,Question2:Answer(False).ArecentstudyfromCambridgebelievesthatSt.PatricksfatherwasaRomantaxofficialinWaleswhowantedoutandusedaRomanlegalclausethatallowedhimtojointheclergyandpassthejobontohisson.However,Patrickdidnotwantthejoband,fearingforhislife,fledtoIreland.Question4:Answer(True).Rumorhasitthatthistraditionstartedbecausewearinggreenmakesyouinvisibletoleprechauns,whopinchanyonetheysee.,13,Question3,ThethreecolorsoftheIrishflagrepresentdifferentthings.GreenstandsforCatholics,orangeforProtestants,andwhitestandsfor.TheghostofJesusChristAwishforharmonyPuritySavethePolarBears,14,Question3,Answer(b).ThewhitecolorintheIrishflagactuallyrepresentsthewishforpeaceandharmonybetweenCatholicsandProtestants.,15,Question5,ThefirsteverSt.PatricksDayParadewasin1762inwhichcountry?ChinaIrelandtheUKtheUSA,16,Question5,Answer(d).TheworldsfirstSt.PatricksDayparadewasonMarch17,1762,inNewYorkCityandfeaturedIrishsoldiersservingintheEnglishmilitaryandbecameanannualeventafterwards.,17,中文名St.PatricksdaySt.PaddysDay爱尔兰人也被称为Paddy解释圣帕特里克节时间每年的3月17日性质爱尔兰的国庆节,18,Keywords,AnIrishholiday:是个爱尔兰的节日WidelycelebratedacrossEuropeandNorthAmerica:但在欧洲、北美广泛庆祝CommemorateSaintPatrick,thepatronsaintofIreland:节日纪念爱尔兰的守护神圣派特里克GreenisthecolorofIreland:绿色是代表爱尔兰的颜色GreeneverythingonSt.PatricksDay:greenhats,greenclothes,etc:所以圣派特里克日到处都是绿，绿帽子、绿衣服St.PatricksDayparades:圣派特里克日庆祝游行,19,Green,“带绿帽子”的说法：Tocheatononeshusband/boyfriendTogobehindtheirbackTohaveanaffair,Remembertowearsomethinggreen,oryouwillgetpinched!Haha,20,Whyweargreen?,-OneofIrelandsnicknamesistheEmeraldIsle.爱尔兰的其中一个别称是翡翠之岛。-Greenisoneofthe3colorsoftheIrishflag.绿色是爱尔兰国旗的三种顏色之一。-Shamrocks,asymbolofIreland,aregreen.象徵爱尔兰的三叶酢酱草是绿色的。,21,St.PatricksDay的三大符号,Shamrock，三叶苜蓿草:Shamrock是爱尔兰语“seamrog”(小苜蓿草)的音译。爱尔兰人崇尚“好事成三”，“三”是他们的吉祥数字。据说St.Patrick用三叶草来向爱尔兰人诠释Trinity：TheFather,TheSon,andtheHolySpirit(圣父、圣子、圣灵)。Shamrock还衍生出了其他意义，譬如Crone,MotherandVirgin；Love,ValorandWit；Faith,HopeandCharity；还有人开玩笑说是wine,womenandsong。,22,Leprechauns魔域小矮仙,爱尔兰的神话传说中有很多精灵妖怪，Leprechauns只是其中之一。据说他们是独群索居的矮小精灵，性格刁钻古怪，靠制鞋为生，且藏有很多金银财宝，特别是那罐PotofGold,是他们身份的标志。传说彩虹rainbow出现的地方总有宝藏，那里也必然就有Leprechauns。,23,节日传说,在很久以前有一个小男孩在晚上的时候出来玩耍，可是他突然在一片草丛里听见叫声：“help（救命）！”他听见以后猛的在草丛旁边寻找声音。突然他在草丛里看见一个留有白胡须和白头发的小矮人。他一把抓住这小人问：“你是谁？”小矮人（小精灵）说：“你放开我吧。”小男孩说:“你把你的金子藏在的地方告诉我，我就放了你。”小矮人说：“好，好，我告诉你，就在那颗树的下面！”小男孩立刻就放了小矮人，他跑过去，想把土挖开，可是他没有铲子，所以他就想回家去拿，他又怕忘记了，就把身上的黄色手帕给绑在树上，并提醒小矮人不可以把手帕给摘下。可是第二天当他拿着铲子来的时候，发现整个森林里的树都有黄色的手帕，所以他就丧气的回家了，而躲在树后的小精灵说：“我可没有把手帕给摘下。,24,GreenBeer绿色啤酒,相传St.Patrick教会了爱尔兰人怎么酿酒从而帮助他们御寒健体。如今爱尔兰人心头大患之一就是他们很难摆脱“酒鬼”的形象，St.PatricksDay本属于天主教的斋期，却给了人们饮酒寻欢的机会。爱尔兰的名酒牌子还真不少：Guinness、Jamesons、Baileys，然而绿啤酒却是美国的发明。但是爱尔兰人的饮酒习俗中有个说法叫wet/drowntheshamrock，即是在杯子里放几片shamrock，再倒入IrishWhiskey饮用。到了美国却是将普通啤酒染成绿色，畅怀大饮一醉方休。,25,OurFavoriteSt.PaddysDayBeverages,FreshOrchardNFCKiwifruit320ml15RMB,Pfanner,GreenApple1L24RMB,26,Beverages,Guinness,ForeignExtraStoutBeer330ml*675RMB,Magners,OriginalIrishCider330ml*6180RMB,27,Beverages,TullamoreDew,IrishWhisky700ml223RMB,Jameson,BlendedIrishWhiskey700ml121RMB,28,Beverages,Baileys,OriginalIrishCream750ml118RMB,Monin,GreenMintSyrup250ml46RMB,29,圣帕特里克节（St.PatricksDay）是每年的3月17日，是为了纪念爱尔兰守护神圣帕特里克。这一节日5世纪末期起源于爱尔兰，如今已成为爱尔兰的国庆节。随着爱尔兰后裔遍布世界各地，现在，圣帕特里克节已经渐渐在一些国家成为节日。美国从1737年3月17日开始庆祝。圣帕特里克节的传统色为绿色。,30,不仅爱尔兰庆祝圣派特里克日，美国、加拿大也有盛大的庆祝。LotsofearlyimmigrantstoAmericawerefromIreland:美国很多早期移民都来自爱尔兰Theybroughttheirculturewiththem:他们带去了自己的文化Manynon-IrishcelebrateSt.PatricksDay:现在很多非爱尔兰人也会庆祝圣派特里克日IrishpubsareverypopularinNorthAmerica:爱尔兰酒吧在北美也很流行Old-fashioneddecor,downtoearth:酒吧的装修风格都很老，接地气St.PatricksDayisadayofdrinking:喝酒庆祝圣派特里克日,31,形容不同醉的程度，由轻到重排列：1)Getdrunk：醉了2)Getwasted：很醉3)Gethammered：大醉,圣派特里克日还有个别名：Amateurnight:“业余酒鬼夜”，因为很多平时不怎么喝的人也会在这天狂欢、喝醉,32,喝爱尔兰的国民啤酒：Guinness:吉尼斯建力世Theworldsmostfamousdarkbeer:世界最著名的黑啤TheGuinnessWorldRecords:吉尼斯世界纪录就是这家啤酒公司创立的,33,爱尔兰、苏格兰、威尔士男士的传统格子裙，不叫skirt或者dress。而叫：Kilts:爱尔兰、苏格兰、威尔士传统的男人裙子Tartan:格子Tartankilts:格子裙,34,圣派翠克节的传统饮食为啤酒、咸牛肉炖卷心菜以及爱尔兰咖啡，传统装饰物为白花三叶草(爱尔兰的国花)、爱尔兰帽子、爱尔兰烟斗和为了纪念爱尔兰传统家畜猪和传统农作物马铃薯，因此绿帽子+幸运草+啤酒已成为St.PatrickDay的代表符号！,35,SaintPatricksDay,March17,isaChristianreligiousholidaythatcelebratesthepatronsaintofIreland.Accordingtothelegend,St.PatrickdroveallthesnakesoutofIreland.St.PatricksDayhasalsobecome,especiallyintheUnitedStates,adaytocelebrateIrishculture.InmajorcitiesacrossthecountrylikeinNewYorkandBoston,thereareparadesandfestivals.Peopleweargreenanddecoratewithshamrocks,atypeofthree-leafclover.SomepeoplewearbuttonsorteeshirtsthatsayKissme,ImIrish.IntheU.S.St.PatricksDayisnotalegalholiday,meaninggovernmentofficesandschoolsareopen.,36,ThebiggestandoldestparadetakesplaceinNewYorkCity.Itactuallybeganabout250yearsagobeforetheU.S.wasevenitsowncountry.EveryyearthousandsgatheralongthefamousFifthAvenuetowatchhundredsofIrishstepdancersandbagpipeplayersmarch.Irishstepdancingisdoneingroupsorsolo.Dancersperformcomplicatedmoveswiththeirfeetandlegswhilekeepingtheirupperbodiesstiff.TheparadehasalsobeenasourceofcontroversybecausetheparadeisassociatedwiththeCatholicChurchinNewYorkCity;gayandlesbianorganizationshavenotbeenallowedtomarch.Manypeopleprotesttheparadeorboycottit.,37,St.PatricksDayhasalsobecomeassociatedwiththedrinkingofalotofalcohol,specificallybeer.OnedrinkthatisoftenseenaroundtheholidayisGreenBeer.Thisisreallyjustregularbeerwithgreenfoodcoloring.ManypeoplefeelliketheholidaycelebratesstereotypesabouttheIrish,likethemyththattheyallliketodrinkandgetdrunk.Otherscomplainthattheholidayhasbecometoofocusedondrinking,withpublicdrunkennessasaprobleminmajorcitiesaroundtheholiday.,38,10FascinatingFacts,StPatricksDayisbeingcelebratedbyIrishcommunitiesaroundtheworld.Herewelist10fascinatingfactsaboutthecelebrationofIrelandspatronsaint:圣帕特里克节（St.PatricksDay）是每年的3月17日，是为了纪念爱尔兰守护神圣帕特里克。这一节日5世纪末期起源于爱尔兰，如今已成为爱尔兰的国庆节。随着爱尔兰后裔遍布世界各地，现在，圣帕特里克节已经渐渐在一些国家成为节日。圣帕特里克节是全世界爱尔兰团体都在庆贺的节日。下面是关于节日庆祝的10个有趣事实。,39,1.St.PatrickisthepatronsaintofIreland,althoughhewasborninBritain,around385AD.HisparentsCalpurniusandConchessawereRomancitizenslivingineitherScotlandorWales,accordingtodifferentversionsofhisstory.虽然是在公元385年前后出生在不列颠岛，但圣帕特里克是爱尔兰的守护神。根据不同版本的历史记载，他的父母卡尔普尔尼乌斯和孔切萨是居住在苏格兰或者威尔士的罗马公民。2.Asaboyof14hewascapturedandtakentoIrelandwherehespentsixyearsinslaveryherdingsheep.HereturnedtoIrelandinhis30sasamissionaryamongtheCelticpagans.14岁时，圣帕特里克被捕并被带往爱尔兰，在那里他作为奴隶牧羊6年。三十多岁时，圣帕特里克作为凯尔特异教徒传教士回到爱尔兰。3.LegendhasitthatheusedthenativeshamrockasasymboloftheholytrinitywhenpreachingandbroughttheLatinalphabettoIreland.传说他在传教时使用当地的三叶草作为神圣的三位一体的象征，并且把拉丁字母表介绍到爱尔兰。,40,4.MiraclesattributedtohimincludethedrivingofserpentsoutofIreland.However,evidencesuggestspost-glacialIrelandneverhadanysnakesinthefirstplace.圣帕特里克成功将大毒蛇赶出爱尔兰的传说增加了他的传奇色彩。然而证据显示爱尔兰在冰河期以后从没有过蛇。5.Wearinggreen,eatinggreenfoodandevendrinkinggreenbeer,issaidtocommemorateStPatricksuseoftheshamrock-althoughbluewastheoriginalcolourofhisvestments.据说身穿绿色服装，吃绿色食物，甚至喝绿色啤酒是为了纪念圣帕特里克使用三叶草，尽管他的法衣最初是蓝色。6.StPatrickwassaidtohaveproclaimedthateveryoneshouldhaveadropofthehardstuffonhisfeastdayafterchastisinganinnkeeperwhoservedashortmeasureofwhiskey.Inthecustomknownasdrowningtheshamrock,theshamrockthathasbeenwornonalapelorhatisputinthelastdrinkoftheevening.据说圣帕特里克曾训斥了一位卖威士忌缺斤短两的酒馆老板。此后圣帕特里克声明每个人在他的宗教节日都应该喝一滴“烈性酒”。因此在“淹没三叶草”这个众所周知的习俗中，节日里戴在西服翻领或者帽子上的三叶草最后会被放在酒里作为晚上最后一饮。,41,7.PopularIrishtoastsonStPatricksDay,include:maytheroofaboveusneverfallin,andmaywefriendsbeneathitneverfallout.爱尔兰圣帕特里克节的流行祝酒语包括：愿头上屋顶不倒，屋下朋友不分。8.St.PatricksDaywasfirstcelebratedinAmericainBoston,Massachusetts,in1737.Around34millionmodernAmericansclaimIrishancestry.美国马萨诸塞州的波士顿于1737年首次庆祝圣帕特里克节。大约3400万现代美国人自认为是爱尔兰后裔。,42,9.ItisbelievedthatStPatrickdiedonMarch17in461AD.ItisanationalholidayinIreland,andontheislandofMontserratintheCaribbean,whichwasfoundedbyIrishrefugees.ItisabankholidayinNorthernIrelandandaprovincialholidayintheCanadianprovinceofNewfoundland.据说圣帕特里克在公元461年3月17日去世。圣帕特里克节是爱尔兰和加勒比地区由爱尔兰难民建立的蒙特塞拉特岛的国定假日，在北爱尔兰是公共假日，也是加拿大纽芬兰省的假日。,43,10.Dublinhasaparadethatattractshundredsofthousandsofpeople,whileinChicagotheriverisdyedgreenforafewhours.ThebiggestparadeisnormallyheldinNewYork,whilethelargestcelebrationinthesouthernhemisphereisinSydney,Australia.在圣帕特里克节，柏林的游行会吸引成千上万的人；在芝加哥河流会被染成绿色持续几个小时。最盛大的节日游行一般在纽约；南半球规模最大的庆祝仪式是在澳大利亚的悉尼。,44,美国St.PatricksDay,美国的春天有两个重要的节日：首先是Easter复活节，其深刻沉重的宗教内涵和轻松活泼的世俗意义浑然结为一体。另一个节日，就是St.PatricksDay，将宗教世俗化到了淋漓尽致的地步。原本只是爱尔兰传统节日的St.PatricksDay，如今却在世界各地广为庆祝，这小小岛国迸发出的能量可见一斑。St.PatricksDay对于美国人一样意义深远，身在美国的华人也许心里难免有些羡慕，什么时候我们的春节也能在异国他乡受到如此之高的礼遇啊！回顾爱尔兰人的移民史，追溯St.PatrickDay的来龙去脉，可以看到，爱尔兰人与华人一样，走过了一条十分艰辛移民路。,45,从1962年开始，芝加哥更有项特别的传统，那就是把河水染绿，如果倒入100磅植物染料，绿河水可持续一周之久，现在大部份都倒入40磅，则只能持续数小时。,在19世纪的爱尔兰，因为一场枯萎肆虐，造成有75万的爱尔兰人饿死街头，侥幸活下的爱尔兰人大举移民到美国寻找新希望，至今，生活在美国的美籍爱尔兰人就有将近3900万人，而这样一个节日也跟着飘洋过海来到了美国，像是爱尔兰裔人口很多的纽约市街头，无论是否身为爱尔兰人，每到了圣派翠克节这一天都可以看见人们穿着绿色衣帽，商店也挂上绿色布条和气球等装饰，进行欢乐气氛的嘉年华庆祝活动，整个境内瞬间就变成了一片绿世界。,46,圣帕特里克节（St.PatricksDay）是每年的3月17日，是为了纪念爱尔兰守护神圣帕特里克而成立的。这一节日在5世纪末期起源于爱尔兰，美国从1737年3月17日开始庆祝。公元432年，圣帕特里克受教皇派遣前往爱尔兰劝说爱尔兰人皈依基督教。他从威克洛上岸后，当地愤怒的异教徒企图用石头将他砸死。但圣帕特里克临危不惧，当即摘下一棵三叶苜蓿，形象地阐明了圣父、圣子、圣灵三位一体的教义。他雄辩的演说使爱尔兰人深受感动，接受了圣帕特里克主施的隆重洗礼。公元493年3月17日，圣帕特里克逝世，爱尔兰人为了纪念他，将这一天定为圣帕特里克节，三叶苜蓿成了爱尔兰的象征。,47,1737年，一些爱尔兰绅士和商人们在美国马萨诸塞州波士顿聚会纪念圣帕特里克，并成立了爱尔兰慈善社团。1780年和1784年，费城和纽约先后成立了圣帕特里克友谊之子等团体，从此美国每年都庆祝这个节日。美国的圣帕特里克节这一天，人们通常要举行游行、教堂礼拜和聚餐等活动。美国的爱尔兰人喜欢佩带三叶苜蓿，用爱尔兰的国旗颜色绿黄两色装饰房间，身穿绿色衣服，并向宾客赠送三叶苜蓿饰物等。爱尔兰流传着一首民谣：TheGreenFieldsofAmerica“Sopackupyoursea-stores,considernolonger,Tendollarsaweekisnotverybadpay,Withnotaxesortithestodevourupyourwages,WhenyoureonthegreenfieldsofAmerica.,48,岛国爱尔兰只有四百二十多万人，而在美国，自称具有爱尔兰血统或者渊源的人就是爱尔兰人口总额的十倍多，St.PatricksDay成为美国举国上下欢庆的节日，也许就不足为奇了。爱尔兰人后裔主要聚居区在纽约、波士顿、芝加哥、费城、巴尔帝摩以及乔治亚州的Savannah；尽管如此，移民大州加州的爱尔兰裔人口仍居各州之最。爱尔兰人有着与犹太人一般对Diaspora（离散）这个充满史诗般创痛名词的体验。,49,早在1845年的PotatoBlight/GreatPotatoFamine之前就有无数多的人由于来自英国的宗教压迫等因素开始大量移民，到19世纪中叶，大多数美国的爱尔兰裔都属于中产阶层；饥荒发生后，多达百万的爱尔兰人远渡重洋寻求一条活路，从1820至1920百年间就有四百五十万爱尔兰人投奔新大陆。当年的爱尔兰移民大多一贫如洗，目不识丁，来美国只为干点杂活吃碗饱饭。他们备受美国人的歧视，只能在体力劳务市场上谋点生路，因而也有不少人为混口军饷加入军队甘当炮灰。即便如此他们再就业仍然遇到了相当的困难，当时不少招工广告都不忘在最后附上一句：”NoIrishNeedApply.”本以为美国黄金遍野，结果寄人篱下讨生活的日子却颇让人失意。有这么一曲小调“PaddysLamentation,”唱的就是新移民的困窘：Hearmeboys,nowtakemyadvice,ToAmericaIllhaveyetnotbegoing,Thereisnothingherebutwar,wherethemurderingcannonsroar,AndIwishIwasathomeindearoldDublin.,50,美国最早开始庆祝St.PatrickDay却是在爱尔兰大移民之前，1737年服役于军中的爱尔兰人首先在波士顿举行游行以缅怀自己的乡土情结，1762的3月17日年又有一群爱尔兰裔军人走上纽约的街头欢庆自己祖国的节日，此后这个习俗年年相传，虽然最初遭到了美国媒体的嘲讽，爱尔兰人却意识到节日狂欢中的政治意义，由此将这一天作为呈现爱尔兰移民风貌和凝聚力的契机。1948年，杜鲁门成为第一位参加St.PatricksDay游行的美国总统，当时的爱尔兰裔受宠若惊奔走相告。2000年，深切崇拜爱尔兰移民第四代JFK的克林顿偕同希拉里出席了2000年纽约的St.PatricksDay欢庆仪式，并致辞寄予爱尔兰裔民众，将St.PatricksDay的特殊政治历史又做了新的圈点。,51,爱尔兰的护国天使圣帕特里克（St.Patrick）的事迹，以及圣帕特里克节的由来。,OnMarch17,millionsofAmericanscelebrateSaintPatricksDay.Manycitieshavehugeparadeswithmarchingbands.Peopleweargreenclothing.Sometint给着色theirhairgreen.Foodiscoloredgreen.InChicago芝加哥,hundredsofpoundsofgreendyeispouredintotheChicagoRiversothatthewaterrunsgreen.SaintPatricksDayoriginatedinIreland.SaintPatrickisthatcountryspatronsaint守护圣人.Thewordpatronmeans“protectorordefender”or“father.”WhentheIrishpeoplecametoAmerica,theycontinuedtohonorthememoryofSaintPatrick.NowIrish-AmericansallovertheUnitedStatesholdcelebrations,andpeopleofmanynationalitiesjoinin.,52,听读美国小故事,SaintPatrickwasbornover1600yearsago.Atthattime,thepeopleinthecountrythatisnowIrelandwerepagans.Thismeanstheyhadnoreligion.SaintPatrickwasaChristian.HebecameaRomanCatholicbishop主教.AlthoughhewasnotIrish,hewenttoIrelandtoteachthepeopleChristianity基督教.Thepeopleadmiredhimandtookuphisreligion.Hehelpedthembuildchurchesandschools.,53,听读美国小故事,ManylegendsaretoldaboutSaintPatrick.Somesayheusedtheshamrock-agreenthree-leavedplant-tohelpexplaintheideaoftheHolyTrinity(Father,Son,andHolySpirit).ThatiswhypeopleweargreenonSaintPatricksDay.ItisalsosaidthatSaintPatrickhadpoweroverdemons魔鬼andserpents大蛇，毒蛇,andthathedroveallofthesnakesoutofIreland.SaintPatrickdiedonMarch17aroundtheyear461.,54,THESNAKE,Ithaslongbeenrecountedthat,duringhismissioninIreland,St.Patrickoncestoodonahilltop(whichisnowcalledCroaghPatrick),andwithonlyawoodenstaffbyhisside,banishedallthesnakesfromIreland.Infact,theislandnationwasneverhometoanysnakes.The“banishingofthesnakes”wasreallyametaphorfortheeradicationofpaganideologyfromIrelandandthetriumphofChristianity.Within200yearsofPatricksarrival,IrelandwascompletelyChristianized.,55,St.PatricksDaystradition,St.PatricksDayisaholidayknownforparades,shamrocksandallthingsIrish.Fromleprechaunstothecolorgreen,findouthowsymbolswenowassociatewithSt.PatricksDaycametobe,andlearnaboutafewthatarepurelyAmericaninvention.,56,CORNEDBEEF,Eachyear,thousandsofIrishAmericansgatherwiththeirlovedonesonSt.PatricksDaytosharea“traditional”mealofcornedbeefandcabbage.ThoughcabbagehaslongbeenanIrishfood,cornedbeefonlybegantobeassociatedwithSt.PatricksDayattheturnofthecentury.IrishimmigrantslivingonNewYorkCitysLowerEastSidesubstitutedcornedbeeffortheirtraditionaldishofIrishbacontosavemoney.TheylearnedaboutthecheaperalternativefromtheirJewishneighbors.,57,THELEPRECHAUN,TheoriginalIrishnameforthesefiguresoffolkloreis“lobaircin,”meaning“small-bodiedfellow.”BeliefinleprechaunsprobablystemsfromCelticbeliefinfairies,tinymenandwomenwhocouldusetheirmagicalpowerstoservegoodorevil.InCelticfolktales,leprechaunswerecrankysouls,responsibleformendingtheshoesoftheotherfairies.ThoughonlyminorfiguresinCelticfolklore,leprechaunswereknownfortheirtrickery,whichtheyoftenusedtoprotecttheirmuch-fabledtreasure.,58,IRISHMUSIC,MusicisoftenassociatedwithSt.PatricksDayandIrishcultureingeneral.FromancientdaysoftheCelts,musichasalwaysbeenanimportantpartofIrishlife.TheCeltshadanoralculture,wherereligion,legendandhistorywerepassedfromonegenerationtothenextbywayofstoriesandsongs.AfterbeingconqueredbytheEnglish,andforbiddentospeaktheirownlanguage,theIrish,likeotheroppressedpeoples,turnedtomusictohelpthemrememberimportanteventsandholdontotheirheritageandhistory.Asitoftenstirredemotionandhelpedtogalvanizepeople,musicwasoutlawedbytheEnglish.Duringherreign,QueenElizabethIevendecreedthatallartistsandpipersweretobearrestedandhangedonthespot.Today,traditionalIrishbandslikeTheChieftains,theClancyBrothersandTommyMakemaregainingworldwidepopularity.Theirmusicisproducedwithinstrumentsthathavebeenusedforcenturies,includingthefiddle,theuilleannpipes(asortofelaboratebagpipe),thetinwhistle(asortofflutethatisactuallymadeofnickel-silver,brassoraluminum)andthebodhran(anancienttypeofframedrumthatwastraditionallyusedinwarfareratherthanmusic).,59,THESHAMROCK,Theshamrock,whichwasalsocalledthe“seamroy”bytheCelts,wasasacredplantinancientIrelandbecauseitsymbolizedtherebirthofspring.Bytheseventeenthcentury,theshamrockhadbecomeasymbolofemergingIrishnationalism.AstheEnglishbegantoseizeIrishlandandmakelawsagainsttheuseoftheIrishlanguageandthepracticeofCatholicism,manyIrishbegantoweartheshamrockasasymboloftheirprideintheirheritageandtheirdispleasurewithEnglishrule.ThecolortraditionallyassociatedwithSt.Patrickwasblue,notgreen.,60,GettherealstoryaboutthisbelovedIrishholidayandthepatronsaintitsnamedafter.,61,InAmerica,St.PatricksDay,onMarch17,haslongbeencommemoratedwithrollickingfestivities,butuntilrecentdecades,theholiday,whichhonorsIrelandspatronsaint,wastraditionallyamoresolemnoccasionontheEmeraldIsle.ThemanforwhomSt.PatricksDayisnamedwasbornintoanaristocraticfamilyinRomanBritainaroundtheendofthefourthcentury.Asateenager,hewaskidnappedbyIrishpiratesandtakentoIreland,wherehewasheldasaslaveforanumberofyears.Heeventuallyescapedtheisland,onlytoreturnlaterasamissionaryandconvertpartofthepopulationtoChristianity.Centuriesafterhisdeath,whichsomesourcesciteasMarch17,461,althoughtheexactdateisunknown,PatrickbecamethepatronsaintofIreland,andMarch17becameaholydayofobligationforthenationsCatholics.,62,ThankstoIrishimmigrantsintheUnitedStatesandelsewhere,St.PatricksDayevolvedfromareligiousholidayintoasecularcelebrationofallthingsIrish.ThefirstSt.PatricksDayparadewasheldinNewYorkCityinthe1760s,byIrishmenservingthereintheBritishmilitary.Duringthe19thcentury,whenIrishCatholicimmigrantsfaceddiscriminationinProtestant-majorityAmerica,St.PatricksDayparadesbecameanopportunitytoshowstrengthinnumbers.Today,withsome34.5millionAmericansclaimingtobeprimarilyor