Unit 3 Young William Shakespeare年轻的莎士比亚.ppt

Unit3YoungWilliamShakespeare,ByJenniferBassett,UnitOverview,Inthisunityouwill:LearnwhatisskimmingreadingandhowtoSKIMReadaboutWilliamShakespeareslifeStudytext1ofthisunitTakeatestinfastreading,Homereadingofunit2,Era(2):age/periodDaring(3):daretodosth/boldBeurgedtodo(4):beaskedtodoHerd(4):牧群Graze(5):putsheeporcattletoeatgrass放牧Ranger(6):apolicemanonahorseback骑警,cddcc,ddddb,da,Scout(6):侦查员Callon,approveof(9):号召，赞成Outfit(13):providewith配备Plungeover(18):comeinsuddenlyOnthehoof(25):(指牛)活的Saddlebag(28):鞍囊，挂包Dugout（28）:防空洞，独木舟,WhatwasgreataboutcowboyssuchasGoodnightandLoving?CleverDiligentBraveGive-upspirit,Readingskill,SpeedReading,SpeedTechniques,HowtoSKIM,WhentoSKIM,WhatisSkimming,ReadingSpeed,Speed,2007,2008,2009,2010,150,300,600,800,SpeedReadingFactorsThatInfluenceReadingRate,Apassagewithverylongsentencescanmakereadingmoredifficultandwillforceyoutoreadmoreslowly,Understandingbecomesdifficultorimpossibleandyourreadingrateisslow,Complicatedideasorasophisticatedlineofreasoning,TextFactors,SentenceLength,Vocab-ulary,IdeasandConcept,ReaderFactors,VocabLevel,ComprehensionAbility,BackgroundKnowledge,Howmanywordsdoyoudeterminetolearnperday?,Coreparts,topic,mainideaanddetails,Schema.,ToLearn,ToKnow,ToPractice,TechniquesforSpeedReading,Seeingmorethanonewordinasingleeyefixation.,Itinvolveswideningyoureyespansothatyoucanseeseveralwordsinonefixation.,WhatisPhraseReading,PhraseReading,Phrasereadingisatechniquethatbuildsfluency,aidscomprehension,andimprovesoralreading.,TechniquesforSpeedReading,ToReadefficientlyyoushouldtrytogetridofbadreadinghabitsandgetintogoodones,Studyingeconomicsisdifficultbecauseitrequirescarefulattentiontofactsandfigures,Groupwordsthatnaturallygotogether,HowtoPhraseRead,Groupwordstogetherintomeaningfulunits,Practicephrasereadingpersistently,Youmayfindittakesseveralweeksofcontinuedpracticetodevelopthehabit.,Readaloudplease！,Actually,thecommoncoldisnotassimpleasitseems.Itcanbecausedbyanyof200differentviruses,anditcanbringmiseryineightways:sorethroat,sneezing,runnynosewateryeyes,achesandpains,mildfever,nasalcongestion,andcoughing.,PhraseReadingExample,Actually,thecommoncoldisnotassimpleasitseems.Itcanbecausedbyanyof200differentviruses,anditcanbringmiseryineightways:sorethroat,sneezing,runnynosewateryeyes,achesandpains,mildfever,nasalcongestion,andcoughing.,KeyWordReading,TVNewsCaption:AirlineHijackingLosAngeles53hostages.FourHijackers.IdentityandPurposeUnknown,.Keywordreadinginvolvesskippingovernonessentialwordsandreadingonlythosewordsandphraseswhichcarrytheprimaryorcoremeaningofeachsentence.Keywordreadingissimilartoreadingatelegram,theheadlineinanewspaper,oranewscaptionwhichisrunningacrossthebottomofatelevisionscreenwhileaprogramisinprogress.,Keywordreadingisanewtechnique.Althoughitisfasterthanmostofthecarefulreadingtechniques,thereadermustexpectadecreaseinfactualcomprehension.Insomesituations,itisworththeloss,dependingonthereaderspurposeandthetypeofmaterialbeingread.,Keywordreadingisanewtechnique.Althoughitisfasterthanmostofthecarefulreadingtechniques,thereadermustexpectadecreaseinfactualcomprehension.Insomesituations,itisworththeloss,dependingonthereaderspurposeandthetypeofmaterialbeingread.,UsingSentenceStructure,UsingGrammaticalStructure,UsingTypographical（版式的、印刷的）Aids,Howtolocatekeywords,Rereading,Rereadingestablishedthemechanicalprocessofmorerapideyemovementandgivesyoupreliminarypracticeora“trialrun”withreadingatahigherreadingrate.,1.Selectanarticlereadatyournormalspeed.Timeyourself.2.Takeabreak,thenrereadthematerial.Pushyourselftoreadfaster.Timeyourself.,Skimmingisthereadingstyleusedbyflexiblereaderswhentheirpurposeistoquicklyobtainageneralideaaboutthereadingmaterial.TheSkimmingstyleismostusefulwhenyouhavetoreadalargeamountofmaterialinashortamountoftime.WhenusingtheSkimmingstyle,youshouldidentifythemainideasineachparagraphandignorethedetailsinsupportivesentences.Becauseyouareonlylookingforthemainideaineachparagraphyouread,alowerlevelofcomprehensionistobeexpectedthanwhenusingtheStudyReadingstyle.,WhentoSkim?scanning,Accordingtothereadingmaterial,yourreadingspeed,etc.,HowtoSkim,Rules:Eyesfloatdownoverthecontentforkeywords.Payattentiontodirectionwords,too.,Steps:1.readthetitle.2.readthefirstparagraphcompletely.3.Readsubheadingsandfirstsentencesofremainingparagraphs.4.Alternatelyreadthebodyofthematerial.5.Ifthefinalparagraphappearstobeasummary,readitcompletely.,DemonstrationofSkimming,Usuallythefirstparagraphwillbereadataveragespeedallthewaythrough.Itoftencontainsanintroductionoroverviewofwhatwillbetalkedabout.Sometimes,however,thesecondparagraphcontainstheintroductionoroverview.Inthefirstparagraphtheauthormightjustbe“warmingup”orsayingsthclevertoattractattention.Readingathirdparagraphmaybeunnecessarybutthemainideaisusuallycontainedintheopeningsentenceandtopicsentence.Besidesthefirstsentencethereadershouldgetsomebutnotallthedetailfromtherestoftheparagraph,donotpaymuchattentiontothenames,dates.Youonlyneedtogetknow,donotspendmuchtimeonthem.Hencesometimesthemainideaisinthemiddleorattheendoftheparagraph.,Someparagraphsmerelyrepeatideas.Occasionallythemainideacantbefoundintheopeningsentence.Thewholeparagraphmustthenberead.Title!Thenleaveoutalotofthenextparagraphtomakeuptime.Remembertokeepaveryfastrate.Dontbeafraidtoleaveouthalformoreofeachparagraph.Dontgetinterestedandstarttoreadeverything.Skimmingpracticemakesiteasierandcangainconfidence.Perhapsyouwontgetanythingatallfromafewparagraphsbutdontworry.Skimminghasmanyusesesp.forreports,newspapers,textandexams.Theendingparagraphsmightbereadmorefullyasoftentheycontainasummary.Rememberthattheimportanceofskimmingistogetonlytheauthorsmainideaataveryfastspeed.,Abouttheauthor,JenniferBassettJenniferBassettgainedanhonorabledegreeinEnglishandLatinfromExeterUniversityandhasworkedinELTsince1972asateacher,trainer,editor,andmaterialswriter.JenniferistheSeriesEditoroftheOxfordBookwormsLibrary,forwhichshehaswrittentheoriginalstoriesOne-WayTicket,ThePresidentsMurderer,ThePhantomoftheOpera,andWilliamShakespeare,alongwithmanyadaptations.Sheisseriesco-adviser,withH.GWiddowson,oftheOxfordBookwormsCollection.JenniferhasalsowrittenoriginalstoriesfortheEnglishTodayReadersandStorylinesseries.,Shakespeare(4.26.1564-4.23.1616),WilliamShakespearewasanEnglishpoetandplaywright,widelyregardedasthegreatestwriterintheEnglishlanguageandtheworldspre-eminentdramatist.HeisoftencalledEnglandsnationalpoetandthe“BardofAvon”.Hissurvivingworks,includingsomecollaborations,consistofabout38plays,154sonnets(十四行诗),twolongnarrativepoems,andseveralotherpoems.Hisplayshavebeentranslatedintoeverymajorlivinglanguageandareperformedmoreoftenthanthoseofanyotherplaywright.,I.Life,VeryfewauthenticfactsofSlife1564;Stratford-on-Avon1571;Grammarschool1582;AnneHathaway1586(7);London1612;RetiredandReturnedtoStratford1616;Died,II.WorksandClassification,Hecreated37plays,154sonnetsand2longpoems.Classify:Timeorder;Types,Timeorder,Threeperiods:thefirst:1590-1600thesecond:1601-1608thethird:1609-1612,TypesofLiteraryWorks,LongPoems长诗Sonnets十四行诗Histories历史剧Comedies喜剧Tragedies悲剧Romances传奇剧,/wiki/Shakespeare,Inthelate19thcentury,EdwardDowdenclassifiedfourofthelatecomediesasromances,andthoughmanyscholarsprefertocallthemtragicomedies,histermisoftenused.,Mainworks,III.Significances,WSisthemostpopularandmostwidelyrespectedwriterinallEnglishliterature.MoreofthepopularsayingswehavecomeformShakespearethanfromanyothersourceexceptfromtheBible.Hisplaysarestillperformedafteralltheseyears,andhispoemsarestillread,despitethefactthatthelanguagehaschangedsincehisdays,whichmakesproblemsforhisreaders.,WS,asachildofEnglishRenaissance（文艺复兴）,bestexemplifiesthezeitgeist(时代精神)ofhistime.Allthebestfeaturesoftheagefindadequateexpressioninhisworks.Theseincludethesenseofindividualworth,thefeelingoffreedominthoughtandaction,theambitionandthedynamicaggressiveness（侵略、进取）,theplentitudeoftalentandtheexcessesofenergy,thepioneeringspiritofadventureandthedesireforaccomplishment,thedaringtoconquerandtoinventandinnovate,theself-assurance,thevision,theinsightand,ontopoftheseall,theemotionalabandonwithwhichRenaissanceinspiresallitswriters.ThetemperandtempooftheElizabethanageiswelldemonstratedintheworksofitsgreatestliteraryfigure.,在莎翁的历史剧当中，君主往往是反面角色。伊丽莎白女王呢，当然知道这一点，她并没有下令禁止演出莎士比亚的戏剧。因为小莎从来就没有对女王有任何不敬，相反，他写了很多歌颂女王和她妈妈的剧本，赢得了大家的喜爱，如果他敢把女王写成反面角色，他早就人头落地了。尽管在哈姆雷特这样的剧中，就有“脆弱啊，你的名字是女人！”这样的台词。但是呢，这并没有影响伊丽莎白女王一世界、就坐在舞台对面的包厢里看戏。因为称女人脆弱是一种赞美，反之，如果一女的被说成刚强，则一般被认为是一种污蔑。女王的宽容，成就了莎士比亚的艺术高度，也成就了英国整个岛国上的人民的面貌和气质。如今，在他的故居，已竖起了近200多个国家的国旗，每一面都代表一个国家翻译了他的作品。他的名声也可想而知。就像中国人研究“红学”一样，对莎士比亚的研究也成了一门学问，叫做“莎学”。,伊丽莎白一世（ElizabethI，1533年9月7日-1603年3月24日），于1558年11月17日至1603年3月24日任英格兰王国和爱尔兰女王，是都铎王朝的第五位也是最后一位君主。她终身未嫁，因被称为“童贞女王”。她即位时不但成功地保持了英格兰的统一，而且在经过近半个世纪的统治后，使英格兰成为欧洲最强大的国家之一。英格兰文化也在此期间达到了一个顶峰，涌现出了诸如莎士比亚、弗朗西斯培根这样的著名人物。英国在北美的殖民地亦在此期间开始确立。在英国历史上在位时被称为“伊丽莎白时期”，亦称为“黄金时代”。,伊丽莎白时期是英国文化发展的一个重要时期。文学，尤其是诗歌和话剧进入了一个黄金时代。她本人也从事写作和翻译，她亲自翻译了霍勒斯的诗歌艺术。一些她生前的演说和翻译作品一直流传至今。,Aboutthetext,Keywordsandlinguisticpoints:RunlikeinthewindShoutingatthetopofhervoiceNotthebest,butgood.,OrchardgardenwithfruitsEnragedangryExploretravelwithadventuresMonotonoussingleandboringInsignificantnotimportantShillingmoneyunit=1/20poundVersatilegiftedinmanyways,all-aroundRehearsalpracticeperformances,Notes,在加拿大安大略省（Ontario,Canada）西南部，有一座和英国埃汶河畔同名的小镇Stratford【斯特拉福德】。早期的欧洲移民在1832年仿照文艺复兴时期著名戏剧家，诗人莎士比亚的英国故乡Stratford-Upon-Avon而命名的，1859年成为镇，1886年成为市，面积约22平方公里，拥有大约3万人口。这是一个人口仅3万人左右的小镇。你知道么？它是17岁当红歌手JustinBieber【贾斯汀比伯】的家乡！,GeoffreyChaucer(c.134325October1400),knownastheFath