语法总复习之六 定语从句.ppt

第六讲定语从句,一、概念1、在复合句中作定语，修饰某一个名词、代词或名词性短语的分句叫定语从句。2、被定语从句所修饰的那个词叫先行词。3、所谓关系词是指引导定语从句的那个连接词。分为关系代词和关系副词两种。4、我们分析句子时所说的关系词做什么成分，实际上是先行词在从句中所做的成分。二、定语从句的关系词的选择（一）、限制性定语从句1、先行词指人：,书山有路勤为径学海无涯苦作舟,a、在从句中作主语，用who/that,不能省略。b、在从句中做动词宾语，用who/whom/that,可以省略。c、在从句中做介词宾语，介词提前在句首，只能用whom;介词如果不提前，则使用who/whom/that,可以省略。例如：Themanwho/thatistalkingtoMr.LiisfromPekingUniversity.Thewoman(who/whom/that)yousawjustnowisanactress.Thestudent(who/whom/that)youaretalkingaboutishisson.Thestudentaboutwhomyouaretalkingishisson.2、先行词指物，a、在从句中作主语，用which/that,不能省略。b、在从句中做动词宾语，用which/that,可以省略。c、在从句中做介词宾语，介词提前在句首，只能用which介词如果不提前，则使用which/that,可以省略。,书山有路勤为径学海无涯苦作舟,Thetablethat/whichliesinthemiddleoftheroomtakesuptoomuchroom.Letsmoveitout.Thebook(that/which)youboughtyesterdayisreallyinteresting.Thefilm(that/which)sheactedinisntworthseeing.Thefilminwhichsheactedisntworthseeing.3、先行词为时间名词，a、在从句中充当成分，用which/that,b、在从句中不能充当成分，用when,相当于介词加which。例如：IwillneverforgetthedaysthatIspentonthefarmwithyou.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedonthefarmwithyou.4、先行词为地点名词，a、在从句中充当成分，用which/that,b、在从句中不能充当成分，用where,相当于介词加which,书山有路勤为径学海无涯苦作舟,Illalwaysrememberthefactorythatwevisitedlastweek.Thatisthefactorywheremybrotherstayedfortwoyears.5、先行词为原因名词reason，a、在从句中充当成分，用which/that,b、在从句中不能充当成分，用why,相当于介词for+which.例如：Idontbelievethereasonthatyougaveforyourbeinglate.Idontbelievethereasonwhyyouwerelate.6、先行词为way,a、在从句中充当成分，用which/that,书山有路勤为径学海无涯苦作舟,b、在从句中不能充当成分，用that/inwhich,且可以省略。例如Ihatetheway(that/inwhich)hepleasesgirls.Isthisthewaythatyouthinkoftopreventwaterpollution?7、先行词指人，受不定冠词修饰，用于解释概念，关系代词用who，不用that.例如：Ateacherisapersonwhoteachesstudentshowtogainknowledge.Afriendisapersonwhoyoucansharejoyandsorrowwith.8、指人的he/they/those/one/ones做先行词，关系代词用who不用that。例如：HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Thosewhogotinjuredintheearthquakeweresenttohospitalsintown.,书山有路勤为径学海无涯苦作舟,9、先行词与从句中某一名词或代词有所属关系，用whose.Theoldladywhosehusbanddiedyearsagoisstillalive.Thedesksandchairswhoselegsarebrokenneedrepairing.10、在以Who开头的疑问句中，定语从句的先行词指人，关系代词只能用that，不能用who.例如：Whoistheboythatisstandingunderthetree?Whoknowsthemanthatlivesnextdoor?11、在以which开头的开头的疑问句中，定语从句的先行词指物，关系代词只能用that，不能用which.例如：Whichisthebookthatyouboughtyesterday?Whichboxcontainsthegiftthatshegaveyouforyourbirthday?12、既有指人又有指物的先行词，关系代词指能用that.ThefriendlypeopleandbeautifulscenerythatIsawthereleftadeepimpressiononme.9,书山有路勤为径学海无涯苦作舟,IllneverforgetthethestudentsandtheirdormitoriesthatwevisitedinBeijinglastJuly.13、先行词受序数词、最高级等修饰，关系代词只能用that.Sheisthefirststudetntthathaswonsuchaprize.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.14、以不定代词someone/anyone/noone/everyone/somebodyanybody/nobody/everybody做先行词，关系代词只能用who.Anyonewhowantstoseethefilmcansignupforit.Afriendissomeonewhocaresyouandisalwayswithyou.15、以不定代词something做先行词，关系代词一般用which。Theforeignermurmuredsomethingwhichnobodycouldunder-stand.,书山有路勤为径学海无涯苦作舟,16、先行词为不定代词anything/nothing/everything,只能用that。Ihavepreparedeverythingthatyouneedtogocamping.Dontbelieveanythingthathesaidtoyou.Hesaliar.17、先行词为some/any/every/each/many/few/much/little等，或者受这些词修饰，通常用that.Youcanttakeawayanybooksthatareplacedontheshelf.Everypersonthatsheknowsaboutisherrelative.18、先行词受all/theonly/thevery等修饰，只能用that.Allthatneedstobedonehasbeendone.Sheistheonlywomanthathasmadesuchgreatachievementsinthefieldofsocialscience.19、case/situation/work/job/story/letter/newspaper/condition等名词做先行词时，如果在从句中不能做成分，关系代词一律用where。,书山有路勤为径学海无涯苦作舟,二、非限制性定语从句非限制性定语分为有先行词和无先行词的定语从句两种。1、有先行词的非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句从句一律不能用that引导，指人用who/whom,指物用which,指时间用when,指地点用where。TheotherdayImetJohninthestreet,whoisasportsstarnow.LastAugustwewenttoBeijing,wherewevisitedmanyschools.ShewenttoHongKonginJuly1997,whenHongkongrenturned.Thepresident，whosesonwasmurdered,isnowindeepsorrow.2、无先行词的定语从句有些非限制性定语从句没有先行词，定语从句代替整个主句的内容。这类从句由which/as等来引导。表示正如一样，位置灵活，用as,其他用which。Thesame,such后用as.,书山有路勤为径学海无涯苦作舟,Maryisalwayslateforclass,whichmakesMr.Smithangry.TheChineseteamwon56goldmedals,ofwhich40werewonbywomenathletes.Asisknowntoall,theearthturnsaroundthesun.LineAisequaltoLineB,asisshowninthegraph