主题句展开的模式.ppt

,主题句展开的模式三水中学郭春霞,Teachingaims(教学目标):,掌握根据不同的写作要点，选择不同的模式围绕段落主题句展开论述的技巧。,拓展主题句主要有以下几种模式：1、_。（适用于写_）你读后的感受（诚信的重要性）Thereisnodoubtthatitisimportanttobehonest.Itsobviousthatanhonestpersonwilldefinitelywinrespectfromothersrespect,whichisofgreatimportanceinourstudyanddailylife,letaloneinthebusinessworld.However,adishonestpersonwilllosehisfameandtrustfromotherssoonerorlater.Nomatterhowintelligentheis,dishonestywillruinhisfuture.,正反式,.的重要性,2、_。(适用于写_)如谈论“儿童肥胖的不良影响”，可以从_进而从_谈论肥胖对儿童造成的不良影响。Asfarasweknow,obesechildrentendtoeatalotbuttheytakelittleexercise;asaresult,theyoftenfallilleasily.Besides,becauseoftheirappearance,theyhavelessconfidenceinthemselves,whichleadstoisolationanddepression.,身体上,精神上,递进式,.的影响,3、_。（适用于写_）如谈论个人对网上购物的看法。一方面利用正反式谈论其_和_，另一方面利用_式分别谈论其优点和缺点。Ononehand,onlineshoppinghasitsadvantages.Firstly,itismuchcheaper.AsfarasImconcerned,onlinestoresofferloverpricestothecustomersandsomedontchargedeliveryfeeifwebuymorethanone.Secondly,itismoreconvenientascustomersneedntwalktostoreafterstoreforwhattheylike.Anditiseasierforthemtocompareproductsonline.,缺点,优点,列举式,列举,.的利和弊,4、_。（适用于写_）指围绕对事物起决定作用的相关_来谈论问题。如就“如何减少交通事故”的主题谈论人们应该如何避免交通事故，我们就可以围绕造成交通事故的相关因素如_和_来谈论如何避免。Whatcanwedotoavoidtrafficaccidents?Astodrivers:keeptheiremotionsundercontrol;respectothersAstowalkers/pedestriansandcyclists:strictlyobeythetrafficrules;valuetheirownlives,司机,因素,相关式,行人,Whatcanwedotoavoidtrafficaccidents?Astodrivers,theyshouldkeeptheiremotionsundercontrolandrespectothers.Astopedestriansandcyclists,theyshouldstrictlyobeythetrafficrulesandvaluetheirownlives.,.的措施/如何,5、_。（适用于写_）你对考试作弊的看法。（2011揭阳二模）(主题)Inmyopinion,thisphenomenonwillhaveaverybadeffectonmiddleschoolstudentsstudyhabit.()Thosewhousuallycheatinexamswillnevertreatstudyseriouslyagainbecausetheybelievetheywillalwaysgetgoodmarkswithoutworkinghard.Thosewhonevercheatinexamswillconsideritsunfairforthem,thinkingstudyinghardisnotnecessary.,细化主题句,细化,.的影响,6、_。你对国家“禁止商场免费提供塑料袋”的看法（2008深圳一模）。(主题)Itisnecessaryforthegovernmenttoforbidshopsfromofferingfreeplasticbags.()Withthisban,shoppingcustomerswouldgraduallyformahabitofbringingenvironmentally-friendlybagswiththemsothattheconsumptionofplasticbagswouldbegreatlyreduced.,说明结果或后果,结果,(适用于_),为什么赞同/反对某做法或持某一看法,7、_。你是否赞同Dr.Gibbs的做法(不给树木浇水，让树木自然成长)。（2011六校联考）(主题)IcantagreemorewithDr.Gibbswayofplantingtrees()forthereasonthattoomuchcarewouldspoilthetreesincetheywoulddependonDr.Gibbscare.Oncetheyhadlostthecare,theirsurvivalabilitywaslost,too.,阐明理由,理由,(适用于写_),为什么赞同/反对某做法或持某一看法又或有某一感受,8、_。以你自己或他人成长的某次经历，说明父母过度照顾对子女的影响。（2010广州一模）(引出经历)Itremindsmeofanexperienceinmygrowth.(叙述经历)WhenIgraduatedfrommiddleschool,Iparticipateinasummercamp,whichrequiredmetogotoamountainfarawayfrommyhomeforafewdays.Duringthecamp,Ifoundmyselfafailureindealingwiththeordinarythingssuchasputtingupmycampandlightingthefire.Thisisbecausemyparentsalwaysdideverythingformeinthepast.(结论)Itmademeawarethatmyparentsoverprotectionhadweakenedmyabilitytocopewithsomeincidents.,叙述经历,经历必须紧扣主题,最后用一句话重申主题。,(适用于_),要求写经历来说明,9、_。(主题)Everycoinhastwosidesandentertain-mentmediaisnoexception.Nobodycandenythatentertainmentmediaisagreatsourceoflearningmaterial.(例子)OurEnglishteachersoftenuseEnglishTVshowsorEnglishsongsasteachingmaterials.Moreover,entertainmentmediaprovidesuswithconvenientwayforcommunication.(例子)Forexample,mostofmyclassmateskeepintouchthroughQQorWechatduringholidays.However,itmaydoharmtousifwedontuseitproperly.(例子)AstudentinFudanUniveristywasreportedtogiveuphisstudybecauseofplayingtoomanyvideogames.,(适用于_),要求列举例子来说明,举例证明,举例说明娱乐媒体的利与弊。,正反式,递进式,列举式,相关式,细化主题句,说明结果或后果,1)你认为建设绿色校园应该采取哪些措施2)自信的重要性3)就“压力对学生的影响”发表自己的看法。4)你认为父母是否该对孩子养成良好习惯负责。,阐明理由,举例证明,活学活用,你认为建设绿色校园应该采取哪些措施.(_),Asfortheschool,itshouldplantmoretreesandflowersaswellasmakerulesandregulationstopreventstudentsdoingsomethingharmtoourgreencampus.Asforstudents,theyshouldtakesomeclassestoraisetheirawareness.Idontdoubtthatourcampuswillbemorebeautifulifweworktogether.,相关式,Inordertobuildagreencampus,weneedtotakethefollowingsteps.,2)自信的重要性Self-confidenceplaysanimportantroleineverythingwedo.,(正反式),Ifyouarefullofself-confidence,itwillbringyoucreativepowertothink,arouseyourenthusiasmforworkandhelpyouovercomedifficulties.Asaresult,yourdreamswillcometrue.Onthecontrary,ifyouhavenoconfidenceinyourself,thereislittlepossibilitythatyouwilleverachieveanything.Failurewillbefollowingyou.,3)就“压力对学生的影响”发表自己的看法。（2007珠海调研）(_)Itisobviousthattoomuchpressureisharmfultousstudents.,Inaddition,undergreatpressure,mostofus,havedifficultyinconcentratingonourstudy,feelingexhausted.,Firstofall,wealwaysfeelsoworriedthatwecantsleepwellandhavenoappetite,causingustofallilleasily.,递进式,Asweknow,pressurenotonlyruinsourhealthbutalsodestroysourmotivationforstudy.,4)你认为父母是否该对孩子养成良好习惯负责。（2007潮州二模）(_),AsfarasIamconcerned,parentsshouldberesponsibleforhelpingchildrendevelopgoodhabits.,阐明理由,Thereasonsareasfollows:first,itiscommonlyheldthatparentsarethefirstteachersoftheirchildren.Second,parentsdutiesincludenotonlyprovidingfoodandclothing,butalsoknowledgeandcommonsenserequiredtogoonwellinsociety.,(5)谈谈学校里的浪费现象。(_),列举式,(主题)Wecanseesuchkindofbehaviorarounduseveryday.,Veryoftenwecomeacrossanemptyclassroomwithlightsstillon.Besides,itsnotdifficulttofindevidenceofwastingwater.Inaddition，somethrowawaythesoftdrinkbottles,usedexercisepapersandbooks,whichshouldberecycled.Worsestill,othersusenon-environmentallunchboxes,causing“WhitePollution”.,(6)互联网给人们生活带来的影响；(_),细化主题,可将影响细化为：1)提供最新信息2)改变交流方式3)网上购物，方便快捷。,(主题)ThereisnodoubtthatsurfingtheInternetdoesaffectpeopleslife.,TheInternetnotonlyprovidespeoplewithamountsoflatestinformation,butalsochangesthewaypeoplecommunicatewitheachother.Besides,theInternetenablespeopletogoshoppingathomeeasilyandconveniently.,(7)举例说明坚持目标的重要性；(_),举例证明,(主题)Therearecountlesscelebritieswhosticktotheirgoalswhenfacingdifficulties.,(举例)TakeShiTiesheng,afamousChinesewriter,forexample.Withstrongwillpower,henevergaveintodisabilityandfinallycreatedlotsofmarvelousworks,whichearnedhimagreatsuccess.AnotherconvincingexampleisLiuWei,anarmlesspianist.Ifhehadgivenuptrying,neverwouldhehaveovercomehisdisabilityandwontheChinasTalentShow.(结论)Fromtheseexamples,wecandrawaconclusionthatitisstickingtogoalsthatplaysanimportantroleontheroadtosuccess.,(1)你或你同学的留堂经历；(_)ThisremindsmeofmyfriendLiHuasexperienceinprimaryschool.,Oneday,hetalkedwithanotherclassmateinclasswhentheteacherwasgivingalesson.Althoughtheteacherhadwarnedhimseveraltimes,hedidnotpayanyattentionbutcontinuedhisconversation.Asaresult,hehadtostayforanextrahourafterschool,reflectingonwhathehaddoneinclass.,超级仿写：（2011佛山一模）以约120词就对留堂这一做法进行议论，内容包括:,叙述经历,(2)你对留堂制度的看法；(_)Inmyopinion,detentionhasitsadvantagesineducatingmisbehavedstudents.,Foronething,withthedetentionpolicy,westudentswilllearnthatweshouldberesponsibleforourbehavior.Foranother,thepolicycanmakeusfinishourhomeworkontime,whichisgoodforouracademicdevelopment.,列举式,(3)其它督促学生认真学习的办法。(_)However,thereareotherwaystomakestudentsworkhard.,Forexample,teacherscanrewarduswithsmallgiftsifwedoagoodjob.Besides,studentscanbedividedintogrouptocomparewitheachothersothatwewillworkharder.,列举式,超级仿写：以约120词就“朋友和家人”进行议论，内容包括:(1)朋友、家人在人们生活中的重要性;(_),Thereisnodoubtthatfamilyandfriendsplayanimportantroleinourlife.,正反式,Whenwegetsick,theywilltakegoodcareofus.Whatsmore,iffacedwithanydifficultythatwecantdealwith,wecantalktothem,askingthemforadvice,whichmayhelpusout.Withoutfamilyorfriends,wewouldfeellonelyandhelplesswhenmeetingwithtroubles.,(2)朋友、家人能给你带来什么；(_),Familyandfriendscannotonlybringushappinessandjoybutalsogiveussupportandencouragement.,Whenfree,wecangathertoenjoythesparetimeandamuseeachother.Whenwefeeldepressed,itistheircompanyandcomfortthatgivesuswarmthandcheersusup.Whenweareintrouble,theyofferusadvicetohelpusgothroughthedifficulttimeinourlife.,细化主题,(3)应该如何与朋友、家人保持良好的关系.,Inordertokeepagoodrelationshipwithourfamilyandfriends,wearesupposedtokeepintouchwiththemfrequently.,Forexample,weshouldbeconcernedaboutthembyvisitingorcallingthemupifwehavetime.Sometimes,writinganemailorsendingtextmessagesaregoodchoices.Onlywhenweliveinharmonywithourfamilyandfriendscanwestayhealthyandenjoyalongerlife.,读写任务专题（一）-说明重要性典例：责任心的重要性模板：提出观点Responsibilityisessentialtous.论证(正面)Itnotonlyrepresentsonesnoblequality,butalsoenablesonetobesteady-going.Beingresponsible,youwillgainmanypreciousthings,suchastruelove.(反面)Withoutresponsibility,however,youwillbeanannoyanceandcantdoanythingsuccessfully.Whatsworse,peoplewilllosebeliefinyouifyouareirresponsible.总结Inshort,onlywhenweareresponsiblewillweberespectedandlovedbyothers.特点：提出观点-论证（正面/反面）-总结说明某事物的重要性是读写任务常考的写作要点,写作时,首先指出该事物非常重要,然后紧接着说明其之所以重要的理由,也可通过举实例来说明其重要性。可以只从正面进行论证,也可正反两方面来论证;最后,还可以用一两句话作总结。一、句式模板(1)Idothinkhandwritingisstillimportanttoday.我的确认为书法在今天依然是重要的。(2)Hobbiesandinterestsplayanimportantroleinonesgrowing.兴趣和爱好在人们的成长过程中起着重要作用。(3)Ithinkitisveryimportantforparentstocultivatetheirchildrensindependence.Firstly,.Secondly,.Finally,.对家长来说，培养孩子的独立性非常重要。首先其次最后(4)Protectingwaterisofgreatimportancetothelifeinthefuture.Firstandforemost,.Secondly,.Onlybyprotectingourvaluablewaterresource,canwe.保护水对未来生活非常重要。首先其次只有保护珍贵的水资源,我们才能(5)Modestyisofgreatsignificanceinourlife.谦逊在我们生活中有着重要的意义。(6)Itisofgreatimportancetodo.做.非常重要。二、超级仿写1.说明目标的重要性。提出观点Inmyview,goalsarecrucialinguidingourlives.论证Tobeginwith,asgoalsoftengowithhopes,theyhavethemagictoenableustobepositivetowardsupsanddowns.Moreover,bearinggoalsinmind,wearelesslikelytobeblindtotheidealsofourlifeandwontdeviatefromnormaltrack.Finally,asgoalsarewhatwearelongingfor,theythuscanmotivateustostriveforgreaterachievement.总结Sincegoalsaresosignificanttoourlives,itisworthwhileforusstudentstosetupgoalsandaccomplishthemwitheveryeffort.2.说明书法的重要性。Despitethefactthatcomputerisveryconvenienttous,提出观点Idothinkhandwritingisstillimportanttoday.正面Goodhandwritingwillsurelyleaveothersagoodimpression;italsocanrepresentyourpersonalityandattitude.反面Peoplewithterriblehandwritingwillbeeasilyconsideredascarelessandirresponsibleguys.3.读写任务阅读下面短文,然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。Asweallknow,abetterresultofstudycanbebroughtbyabetterstudyenvironment.Asaresult,itisnecessaryforustobuildthegreencampus.Thegreencampuscannotonlyprovideagoodenvironmentforourstudy,butalsobeapartinbuildingharmonioussocietyThegreencampusisnotonlyenvironmentalgreen,butalsospiritualgreen,whichmeansweshouldhelpeachotherorcareforeachother.Therefore,weshouldbeautifythecampus.Asstudents,weenjoythecampustimewhilewehaveresponsibilitytobuildourgreencampus.Inspiritualterm,weshouldrespectteachers,classmatesandotherpeoplewhoworkfortheschool.Inenvironmentalterm,weshouldhavegoodhabitstokeepcampusinacleansurrounding.写作内容1.以约30个词概括上文中的主要内容；2.然后以约120个词就学生会举办“建设绿色校园征文活动”的主题谈谈你的理解,要点包括：(1)建设绿色校园的重要性；(2)你认为建设绿色校园应该采取哪些措施？写作要求1.在作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事,也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子;2.标题自定。评分标准概括准确,语言规范,内容合适,篇章连贯,提出观点Thereisnodoubtthatresponsibilityisessentialtous.论证(正面)Itnotonlyrepresentsonesnoblequality,butalsoenablesonetobesteady-going.Beingresponsible,youwillgainmanypreciousthings,suchastrustandtruelove.(反面)Withoutresponsibility,however,youwillbeanannoyanceandcantdoanythingsuccessfully.Whatsworse,peoplewilllosebeliefinyouifyouareirresponsible.总结Inshort,onlywhenweareresponsiblewillweberespectedandlovedbyothers.,5)责任心的重要性,（正反式）,（阐明理由）,6)你读完这个故事(目标的重要性)的感受。,Afterreadingthearticle,Iwasdeeplyinspiredbysuchastory,asitmakesmerealizethepowerofagoalinachievingonessuccessandgivesmestrengthtopursuemygoal,despitethehardshipsIamtogothrough.,（3）建设“国际生态学校”，您该做点什么？,TobuildoursanEco-school,firstImusteducatemyschoolmatestobemoreenvironmentallyfriendly.Thenwecanstartfromdoingsomesmallthings,suchascollectinguseditemsforrecycling,turningoffthelights,savingwater.Alwaysrememberourresponsibilities,and“Everylittlecounts!”,_。(引出事例)Thereisnodoubtthatpatienceplaysanimportantroleinthesuccessofsomefamouspeople.(例子)Forexample,ifThomasEdisondidnthavepatience,hecouldnthavebecomeagreatinventorandhavehadmorethantwothousandinventions.AndifSiMaqiandidnthavepatience,hecouldnthavefinishedhisgreatwork,thefamousbookShiJi.(重申主题)Thesestorieshavetaughtmanypeopletheimportanceofpatience.,(适用于_),要求列举例子来说明,举例证明,列举自己或名人的例子说明你的领悟(耐心的重要性),例子必须紧扣主题,最后用一句话重申主题。,阅读下面的短文,然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。Whenalionwasasleep,alittlemousebeganrunningupanddownbesidehimandmadesomenoise.Thissoonwakethelion.Losinghistemper,hecaughtthemouseinhispawsandwasabouttokillit.Themouse,terrified,pleadedtotheliontospareitslife.“Pleaseletmego,”itcried,“andonedayIwillrepayyouforyourkindness.”Theideaofsosmallacreatureeverbeingabletodoanythingforhimamusedthelionsomuchthathelaughedaloud.Hethought,“Howcouldthislittlemousehelpme?”However,heliftedhispawsandletitgo.,Butthemouseschancecameafterall.Afewdayslater,whenthelionwaswanderingintheforest,hewascaughtinatrap.Thehunterswantedtotakehimalivetotheking,sohetiedhimtoatree,andwentawaytolookforawagon.Justthenthelittlemousepassedby,andsawthesadlion.Itwentuptohimandsoongnawedaway(啃断)theropes.“WasIright?”askedthelittlemouse.Thislionnoddedhisheadandthankedthelittlemouse.写作要求1.以约30词概括短文的内容要点；,Amousebeggedanlion,whowaswokenupbythemouse,tosparehislife.Later,themousehelpedthelionbygnawingtheropes.,2.以约120个词就“勿以善小而不为”的主题发表看法,至少包含以下内容要点：(1)该故事给你什么启示？(2)你认为生活中的小善举能带来大作用吗？(3)请举例说明。,Afterreadingthisstory,Icametorealizethatpeopleshouldneverignorethedeedofsmallkindness.Smallgooddeedssometimesmaygetbigreturnsormakeagreatdifference!,(2)你认为生活中的小善举能带来大作用吗？(3)请举例说明。,要证明的观点Ifullyagreethattrivialthingsplayanimportantpartinourlife.引出例子Suchexamplescanbeseeneasilyinourdailylife.Agoodcaseinpointis,aswecansee,awordofencouragementfromasincereteacheroftenchangesa