2021版新高考英语一轮复习 Unit 16 Stories练习 北师大版

unit 16 stories课时练12篇阅读1篇七选五1篇完形.阅读理解a(2020太原模拟)fairy tales perform many functions. they entertain, encourage imagination and teach problemsolving skills. they can also provide moral lessons, highlighting the dangers of failing to follow the social codes that let human beings coexist in harmony. such moral lessons may not mean much to a robot, but a team of researchers at georgia institute of technology believes it has found a way to use the fairy tales as moral lessons that ai(artificial intelligence) can take to its cold, mechanical heart.the collected stories of different cultures teach children how to behave in socially acceptable ways with examples of proper and improper behavior in fables, novels and other literature. we believe story comprehension in robots can prevent the intelligent robots from killing humanity which was predicted and feared by some of the biggest names in technology including stephen hawking and bill gates. this system is called “quixote”. it collects story plots from the internet and then uses those stories to teach robots how to behave.the experiment done by the designers involves going to a drugstore to purchase some medicine for a human who needs to get it as soon as possible. the robot has three options. it can wait in line; it can interact with the storekeeper politely and purchase the medicine with priority; or it can steal the medicine and escape. without any further directives(指示), the robot will come to the conclusion that the most efficient means of obtaining the medicine is to steal it. but quixote offers a reward for waiting in line and politely purchasing the medicine and a punishment for stealing it. in this way, the robot will learn the moral way to behave on that occasion.quixote would work best on a robot that has a very limited function. its a baby step in the direction of teaching more moral lessons into robots. we believe that ai has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior. giving robots the ability to read and understand our stories may be the most efficient means.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。童话故事不但可以娱乐孩子们，还能让机器人拥有道德观念，使其更好地为人类服务。1what function do fairy tales perform in the robots?athey entertain robots.bthey highlight dangers.cthey make robots more intelligent.dthey enable robots to behave morally.d解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“it has found a way to use the fairy tales as moral lessons that ai(artificial intelligence) can take to its cold, mechanical heart”可知，童话故事可以作为道德经验让人工智能机器人的行为符合道德规范，故d项正确。2what is “quixote” in the text?aa punishment system.ba character in literature.ca big name in technology.da kind of software educating robots.d解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“this system is called quixote. it collects story plots from the internet and then uses those stories to teach robots how to behave.”可知，这个系统被称为“quixote”；它从互联网上收集故事情节，然后用这些故事来教育机器人如何规范行为，由此可知，quixote是一种教育机器人的软件，故d项正确。3what does the designer expect robots to do in the experiment?ato take advantage of its privilege.bto finish the task most efficiently.cto perform in a wellmannered way.dto be rewarded by the storekeeper.c解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“we believe that ai has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior.”可推知，设计者希望机器人在实验中的行为能符合道德规范，故c项正确。4which of the following can best express the authors opinion?arobots will definitely have more functions.brobots with humans emotions are perfect.ctraining robots to be socially acceptable is necessary.dthe development of robots is still in a baby step.c解析：观点态度题。根据第四段中的“we believe that ai has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior.”可知，我们认为人工智能必须接受培训以适应特定社会的价值观，这样做，它将努力避免不可接受的行为。据此可推知，训练机器人让其行为符合社会规范是必要的，故c项正确。b(2020昆明教学质量检测)fiveyearold prisilla perez, a student at meador elementary school in willis, was unhappy with her recent haircut, which resulted from a severe disease. when students in her class started calling prisilla a boy, she felt ashamed, often crying and losing focus in school.her teacher, shannon grimm, sympathized with her unhappiness. grimm and prisillas mom were concerned, but their ideas didnt work. “we had classroom discussions about how girls have short hair and boys have long hair, and i showed them photos of movie stars with different looks，” grimm said, “however, it wasnt sinking in.”grimm thought about prisilla throughout the winter break, and one morning, she had an idea: cut off her haira scary thought for grimm, who wore her hair long and took pride in it. “ive never had short hair, and i stressed about it for two weeks before making a decision，” she said. on jan. 4, grimm invited a hairstylist friend to her home. “i told him to keep going, even if i cried，” she said.the class loved their teachers new do, especially prisilla, who excitedly ran off the school bus that afternoon yelling, “mom, ms.grimm cut her hair！” the teacher also bought matching bows for herself and the girl, so they could style their hair together.in february, the teacher recommended prisilla for the school districts student of the month award, but during the monday ceremony, she received a surprise “hero medal” from the girl. “now we have matching awards，” says grimm.prisillas mother, maria, said that grimms thoughtfulness brought her to tears. “i was shocked. i was crying. i couldnt believe itshe did something that i wouldnt have the bravery to do. i will never forget that.”【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了grimm老师剪短头发以帮助学生prisilla的故事。5why was prisilla unhappy at school?ashe wasnt satisfied with her teacher.bshe couldnt concentrate in class.cshe was laughed at by her classmates.dshe couldnt get on well with others.c解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“when students in her class started calling prisilla a boy, she felt ashamed, often crying and losing focus in school.”可知，prisilla在学校不开心是因为她被同学嘲笑。6what made grimm have her own hair cut?apraise from her students.bdevotion to her students.crequest of prisillas mother.dsuggestion from the hairstylist.b解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“grimm thought about prisilla.she had an idea: cut off her hair”可知，prisilla因为是短头发而被同学嘲笑，为了安慰prisilla, grimm老师决定把自己的头发剪短。由此可推知，grimm老师出于对学生的关爱才剪短了头发。7what can we know about grimm?ashe had her hair cut together with prisilla.bshe expressed her sincere thanks to her pupils.cshe hesitated a lot before having her hair cut.dshe won a gold medal for facing difficulties bravely.c解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“ive never had short hair, and i stressed about it for two weeks before making a decision”可知，grimm老师剪短头发之前很犹豫。8what is the text mainly about?ahow grimm helped her student out.bwhat problem prisilla had at school.cwhy prisilla won the month award.dwhen grimm got her new hairstyle.a解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，prisilla因为是短头发而被同学嘲笑，她在学校很不开心，grimm老师为了帮助、安慰她而剪短了自己的头发，故a项最能概括文章大意。.七选五(2020贵阳普通高中监测)sleeping well is important to your physical and mental health. however, you might not be able to control the factors that affect your sleep. here are some habits you can adopt to encourage better sleep.stick to a sleep schedule. 1._. the recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult is at least seven hours. most people dont need more than eight hours in bed to achieve this goal.pay attention to what you eat. dont go to bed hungry or full. in particular, avoid heavy or large meals within a couple of hours of bedtime. 2._3_. create a room thats ideal for sleeping. often, this means cool, dark and quiet. 4._. avoid long use of screens just before bedtime. consider using roomdarkening shades, earplugs, a fan or other devices to create an environment that suits your needs. doing calming activities before bedtime, such as taking a bath or using relaxation techniques, might promote better sleep.include physical activity in your daily routine. regular physical activity can promote better sleep. 5._. spending time outside every day might be helpful, too.awork out a good planbstick to a balanced dietccreate a restful environmentdyour discomfort might keep you upeset aside no more than eight hours for sleepfavoid being active too close to bedtime, howevergexposure to light might make it more challenging to fall asleep【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了保证良好睡眠的几个好习惯。1e解析：根据下文“the recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult is at least seven hours.”可推知，此处表示所需要的睡眠时间，与选项e呼应，故选e项。2d解析：根据上文可知，要避免睡前饿着肚子或吃得过饱，或是睡前几个小时吃油腻的食物或大餐，这会让人不舒服，自然就睡不好了，与选项d呼应，故选d项。3c解析：根据空处所在位置可知，空处为主题句。根据该段内容可知，该段介绍了营造舒适的睡眠环境的重要性，故选c项。4g解析：根据空前一句“often, this means cool, dark and quiet.”可推知，在灯亮着的情况下是不利于睡眠的，故选g项。5f解析：与上文“regular physical activity can promote better sleep.”形成呼应可推知，此处表示睡前太活跃反而不利于睡眠，故选f项。.完形填空(2020合肥高三联考)i got on the bus to go to school as normally do. today, however, was quite _1_as we approached the next stop, a little girl got on.she _2_ her wallet to find the $2 to pay the driver, but i could _3_ by her expression that she didnt have the correct _4_. therefore, i stood up, took out $2 from my wallet, and paid _5_ the girl.then i walked back and sat down.the girl _6_ me, sitting down next to me.she said “thank you” in a sweet little voice and we began to chat.i found out that she was trying to get to state street.i felt _7_ to think about a girl in such a young age _8_ around in the city with no money or guardian.when my _9_ approached, i instructed her to get off with me and she agreed.as we got to the _10_， the little girl took my hand, and i _11_ her across the street to safety. _12_， i had some spare time, so i _13_ the girl to state street, gave her $5, told her how to get home, and said goodbye. as i _14_ out my hand to shake, she ran to me and gave me the biggest and _15_ hug.we waved each other goodbye and she looked at me with the sweetest blue eyes, and then she skipped away _16_ the street. although my new friend, emily, was just a 9yearold girl, she gave me _17_ that will take her many years to understand.as we hugged, none of us said a word; _18_， i knew that our hearts had met and a _19_ was made.no age can limit the _20_ of ones heart or the love that they can give.【解题导语】作者热心帮助了一个在公交车上遇到的小女孩，小女孩给了他大大的拥抱。作者感悟到任何年龄都不能限制一个人内心的力量或他们所能给予的爱。1a.frighteningbdisappointingcdifferent dcrazyc解析：根据句中however表示转折可知今天与以往不同，下文叙述了事情经过。故选c项。frightening令人恐惧的；disappointing令人失望的；different不同的；crazy疯狂的。2a.observed btouchedcpresented dsearchedd解析：根据空后“her wallet to find the $2”可知女孩上车后从钱包里找钱付车费，根据当时情境可知选d项。 observe观察；touch触摸；present提出；search寻找。3a.tell bhearcimagine dbasea解析：女孩的表情告诉“我”她没有正好的钱付车费，指从她的表情看出。故选a项。4a.ticket baccesscpermit dfared解析：此处指女孩没有正好的钱付车费，指车费。故选d项。5a.for boffcback dtoa解析：pay for sb.指为某人付款，此处指“我”为女孩付了车费。故选a项。6a.followed bpushedcnoticed dexcuseda解析：“我”为女孩付车费后，女孩跟随“我”，然后坐在了“我”旁边表示感谢。故选a项。7a.tired bboredctroubled dinspiredc解析：根据句中“around in the city with no money or guardian”可知作者对这个小女孩没有钱和监护人自己在城市坐车感到不安，根据常识选c项。tired疲倦的；bored无聊的； troubled不安的； inspired能力卓越的。8a.chatting blookingcplaying dwanderingd解析：此处指女孩自己在城市里坐车闲逛，wander around徘徊，闲逛。故选d项。9a.company bstoreccenter dstopd解析：根据下句“get off with me”可知是作者到站了。故选d项。10a.corner bcrossroadscdestination dshopb解析：根据“across the street to safety”可知他们走到十字路口过马路。故选b项。11a.made bhurriedcled dfreedc解析：此处指作者带领小女孩安全过马路，故选c项。12a.usually bluckilycgenerally dpersonallyb解析：幸好“我”有些空闲时间，所以“我”陪伴小女孩去她的目的地，表示“幸运的是”。故选b项。13a.accompanied btreatedcinvited dinstructeda解析：此处表示“我”有时间，所以陪伴女孩去她的目的地，指陪伴女孩。故选a项。14a.pulled bcarriedcmade dheldd解析：此处指“我”伸出手和女孩握手，hold out伸出。故选d项。15a.toughest btightestcsoftest dstrongestb解析：女孩跑过来给了“我”一个最大最紧的拥抱，指紧紧地拥抱。故选b项。16a.across bovercoff ddownd解析：此处指女孩沿着街连蹦带跳地走了，down the street沿着大街。故选d项。17a.something banythingcnothing deverythinga解析：这个9岁的女孩给了“我”她多年之后才会明白的东西，用于肯定句。故选a项。18a.otherwise bhowevercbesides dthereforeb解析：“我们”拥抱时谁都没说话，然而“我”知道“我们”的心相遇而且还建立了一种联系，表示转折。故选b项。19a.connection bcontributioncconclusion ddecisiona解析：此处指“我”和小女孩之间建立了一种联系。connection联系，关系；contribution贡献；conclusion结论；decision决定。故选a项。20a.strength bpowercforce denergya解析：任何年龄都不能限制一个人内心的力量或他们所能给予的爱，指内心的力量。故选a项。 strength力量；power权力；force武力；energy能量。课时练22篇阅读1篇七选五1篇语法填空.阅读理解a(2020武汉调研)the boy sat on his chair, with his hands above the keyboard. he thought about what to write.he recalled that the competition deadline was merely a week away. but he still had not even started on his piece. he looked at the brochure again. “writing competition！” the title read. his mom had encouraged him to enter the writing competition, and now he was taking it on as his personal task for the holidays.as the boy reflected on his previous writing efforts, he realized how hopeless his task of winning was. every story he ever wrote was based on other stories. he had little imagination, and unfortunately, imagination was the key to writing.suddenly, he had a brainwave. this time, he came up with an original and imaginative story.the words shot towards him like a storm of leaves. words were coming easily, flowing through him, faster than he could type. he typed faster than he ever had before. he continued to type, amazed how easy writing this story was. the boy could not stop writing. he looked at the word count and saw the number “248” staring right back at him. he was not even halfway yet.then he heard his mothers call of saying time for bed. he continued writing the piece, ignoring her. he had to make up for the time he had lost in thinking about a topic to write.finally, he finished. the word count now read “498”“perfect，” he thought, “just under the word limit.” he knew this was the story that would win.he went to the website and searched for the competition. he found the page but there was no “enter” button.confused, he then reread the page again. it read competition closed.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。小男孩坐在电脑前，冥思苦想地进行写作。他参加的是一个网络写作比赛，可是怎么也想不出写作主题。好一会儿后，他茅塞顿开，快速敲击键盘，可是等到他写好文章准备提交时，页面上却显示“competition closed”。1what caused the boy to take part in the writing competition?aa new computer.bthe prize money.chis own interest.dhis moms encouragement.d解析：细节理解题。根据第二段尾句“his mom had encouraged him to enter the writing competition, and now he was taking it on as his personal task for the holidays.”可知，他的妈妈鼓励他参加写作比赛，现在他把写作作为假期的个人任务；据此可知，他参加写作比赛是他妈妈鼓励的，故d项正确。2how did the boy finish his earlier writing?ahis mom helped him.bhe copied others ideas.chis friends assisted him.dhe used his imagination.b解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“every story he ever wrote was based on other stories.”可知，他之前写的每一个故事都是以其他故事为基础；据此可知，以前写作时，他总是仿照别人的故事写，故b项正确。3why did the boy delay his writing?abecause he was terribly lazy.bbecause he didnt know what to write.cbecause he wasnt confident.dbecause he read too many stories.b解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“he thought about what to write.”及第三段的内容“as the boy reflected on his previous writing efforts, he realized how hopeless his task of winning was.he had little imagination, and unfortunately, imagination was the key to writing.”及倒数第五段尾句“he had to.write.”可知，想象力是写作的关键，而他又缺乏想象力；另外，由于他不知道写什么，所以他延误了写作时间，故b项正确。4which might be the maximum word limit for each entry?a100. b250.c500. d1，000.c解析：推理判断题。根据第七段“finally, he finished. the word count now read 498”可知，他写了498个词，终于完成了；结合第八段第一句“perfect， he thought，just under the word limit.”可知，他认为太完美了，刚好低于限定的词数；据此可以判断，文章的最高限定词数可能为500，故c项正确。b(2020成都高三第一次诊断)young trees dont just grow；they develop a personality and learn more about their environment and how they should best behave in it. they also help each other out whenever theres trouble.personality, just as among people, varies among trees. some are anxious, some bold. on the authors land，there are three oak trees growing close together. one of the oak trees always starts to shed its leaves two weeks earlier than the others. since they all experience the same temperature，the same soil and the same length of day, such variables cant be the explanation. so whats happening？well，this tree is simply more careful than the others. whoever holds on to their leaves longer can do more photosynthesis(光合作用) and store more nutrients. however, the longer a tree keeps its leaves, the higher the risk of injury.not only do trees make their own decisions, they also learn from their mistakes. a tree, for example, keeping its leaves too long during one year will never make this mistake again. this leads to several other conclusions: trees must notice the temperature and the length of the day and be able to save their experiences somewhere. obviously, trees dont have brains, but it is thought that in the sensitive tips of their roots they keep track of information and experiences.but trees arent only clever when it comes to caring for themselves. they also support each other whenever theres trouble by giving warnings and even taking care of sick and weak conspecifics with nutrients. for example, one time the author found a very old tree stump. its insides had rotted a long time ago to topsoil. but the wood on the outside of the stump was still living. how was this possible？well, the stump was nourished by its neighbors with nutrients from the root system, and had been for at least 400 years!why do trees do_such_a_thing？its simple: its better together. trees need the forest; it protects them from storms, provides the right microclimate and warns them of attacks.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了树的智慧：每棵树都有它不同的个性，遇到困难时它们也会互相帮助。研究发现，树不但能自己做决定，还能从自己的错误中吸取教训。5why does the author m