2021版高考英语大一轮复习 核心素养测评十二 Unit 3 Tomorrow’s world 牛津译林版必修4

核心素养测评十二 unit 3tomorrows world. 阅读理解a (2020泉州模拟)skyscrapers are the symbol of urban life. city people are used to seeing tall buildings and apartments. farms, on the other hand, are associated with rural(农村的)life. however, there are experts who think skyscrapers should become farms to meet the increasing food needs. by the middle of this century, some scientists suggest, almost 80% of the earths population could live in cities. in addition, the population could increase to 9. 1 billion people during that time yet the amount of land available for farming will be the same. if current farming practices dont change, we will need an area of new land to produce enough food for the planet. vertical farms, where urban farmers could grow crops in environmentally friendly skyscrapers, could be the solution. in spite of concerns over high costs, experts want to make it a reality and use these skyscrapers to grow crops. vertical farms would have many advantages, supporters say. unlike traditional farming, vertical farming could be free of chemicals and diseases. besides, crops would not suffer from problems like flooding. finally, vertical farms would reduce the cost and negative effects of transporting food over long distances. some argue that although crops growing in a tall glass building would get natural sunlight during the day, it wouldnt be enough. for this reason, vertical farms would need additional light sources, such as artificial light. another way of growing fresh food is to build urban farms on rooftops. this more practical approach may be more achievable than the idea of farms in skyscrapers, researchers suggest. experts agree that innovative(革新的)farming practices are needed to support the need for more food at affordable costs, both to the farmer and to the consumer, but the best ideas could be yet to come. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 为了解决日益增长的食物需求, 专家介绍了两种在高楼大厦可以发展的农业: 垂直农业和屋顶农场。1. what primary problem could vertical farming settle? a. poor state of rural life. b. shortage of food supply. c. high cost for transporting crops. d. environmental pollution by transitional farming. 【解析】选b。 推理判断题。根据第三段中vertical farms, where urban farmers could grow crops in environmentally friendly skyscrapers, could be the solution. 可知, 发展垂直农业可能是解决食物紧缺的方法, 故选b项。2. what is the advantage of vertical farming? a. it can produce organic food. b. it requires little care. c. it can benefit transport industry. d. it needs very low cost. 【解析】选a。 细节理解题。根据第四段中unlike traditional farming, vertical farming could be free of chemicals and diseases. 可知, 垂直农业不受化学物品和病虫害的影响, 故可以生产有机食品, 故选a项。3. what is a big challenge to make vertical farming a reality? a. farmable land. b. crop diseases. c. light sources. d. climate conditions. 【解析】选c。 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中some argue that although crops growing in a tall glass building would get natural sunlight during the day, it wouldnt be enough. 可知, 垂直农业最大的问题就是光线不够, 需要额外的光源, 故选c项。4. what can be the best title of the text? a. future food needsb. symbol of urban lifec. farming on rooftopsd. farms of the future【解析】选d。 文章标题题。为了解决日益增长的食物需求, 专家介绍了两种在高楼大厦可以发展的农业: 垂直农业和屋顶农场。故d项(未来的农业)作为标题最好。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. urbanadj. 都市的2. be associated with 与有联系3. meet ones needs 满足某人的需求4. current adj. 当前的, 现在的5. vertical adj. 垂直的6. be free of 免于baustralian adults want to see “life skills” introduced into school curriculums, including money management, job preparation and domestic tasks. new research from monash university showed aussie adults also widely supported the inclusion of technology, coding and artificial intelligence subjects to student curriculums to prepare them for future jobs. co-author professor neil selwyn, from monashs new education futures think tank, said the survey results of more than 2, 000 australians had taken himself and dr deana leahy by surprise. “the life skills-i wasnt expecting that at all, ” he said. those quizzed were asked to rate the value of a list of subjects already in the curriculum, but were also given an open space to write what they think should be included. prof. selwyn said people called for schools to teach financial skills, budgeting, cooking and doing taxes. “you could argue that these are things people should be learning themselves, or learning from their families, ” prof. selwyn said. “but weve got to be thinking forward in terms of the skills people will need for jobs and their ways of living. ”one respondent said schools should introduce a “contemporary life skills” subject: “a compulsory 1-hour a week class on skills needed that parents seem continually unable to teach their kids. ” suggestions for the class included resume writing, filing tax returns and health claims. another respondent called for students to be taught “general life skills as unfortunately not enough kids will have parents to actually be bothered to educate them or simply parents dont know themselves”. of the subjects, maths was the highest ranked (75. 5 percent), followed closely by english (74. 8 percent). and while science was the third highest ranked subject (46. 2 percent), it was more strongly supported by those who earned higher wages and were university educated compared to lower income earners. aspects of school life considered least important were students having fun, learning about things that interested them and being given the opportunity to be creative. 【文章大意】本文为说明文。澳大利亚成年人希望将“生活技能”引入学校课程, 包括理财、就业准备和家务。莫纳什大学(monash university)的最新研究显示, 澳大利亚成年人也普遍支持将科技、编码和人工智能课程纳入学校课程, 为他们未来的工作做准备。5. why did the adults suggest adding “life skills” to school curriculums? a. to vary school curriculums. b. to enrich students school life. c. to prepare students for future work and life. d. to save parents from the trouble of educating kids. 【解析】选c。 推理判断题。根据第一段中的australian adults want to see “life skills” introduced into school curriculums. . . to prepare them for future jobs. 可推知, 成年人建议在学校课程中增加“生活技能”, 为学生未来的工作和生活做准备。故选c。6. what did prof. selwyn think of the adults suggestions? a. reasonable. b. ridiculous. c. interesting. d. impractical. 【解析】选a。 推理判断题。根据第二段中的 “you could argue that these are things people should be learning themselves, or learning from their families, ” prof. selwyn said. “but weve got to be thinking forward in terms of the skills people will need for jobs and their ways of living. ”可推知, 塞尔温教授认为成年人提出的这些建议还是合理的。reasonable合理的; ridiculous荒谬的; interesting有趣的; impractical不实际的。故选a。7. what does paragraph 3 focus on? a. differences of school subjects. b. reasons for the school survey. c. opinions from the surveyed. d. investigations of the respondents. 【解析】选c。 段落大意题。根据第三段中的one respondent said schools should. . . 及another respondent called for students to. . . 可知, 第三段集中阐述被调查者的不同观点。故选c。8. what can we know from the text? a. the present curriculums are to adults taste. b. contemporary life skills involve resume writing. c. students interests have been greatly promoted. d. the parents quizzed think highly of school life. 【解析】选b。 细节理解题。根据第三段中的suggestions for the class included resume writing, filing tax returns and health claims. 可知, 现代生活技能包括写简历。故选b。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. quizvt. 询问; 测验2. in terms of 就而言3. respondent n. 调查对象4. compulsory adj. 强制的5. be bothered to do sth. 费心去做某事6. rank vt. 把分等级. 阅读填句i dont believe artificial intelligence (ai) could replace my teaching career. i have always been interested in human connection, and the ways in which i can use these connections to inspire change and make a difference. 1, there are other ways where ai could make a more efficient and effective difference than i could on my own. my teaching experiences over the past several years have been creative and inspiring. i believe that the job of educators extends beyond simply teaching students a set curriculum. 2, they must constantly reflect on ways to better their teaching, and they must inspire their students to be the best versions of themselves. and now with the help of ai, they could achieve these goals much easier. 3. first, ai can be used to promote fundamental skills, such as mathematical education and vocabulary lessons. additionally, i see ai being used for such necessary tasks as answering questions and grading assignments. thus i could focus my attention on establishing human connection, individualizing lesson plans and inspiring my students. 4. i believe ai could provide a strong basis for educational equality around the world. according to todd leopold, close to 800 million people worldwide are functionally illiterate (不识字的). due to its ability to efficiently pass knowledge across large groups of people, fewer teachers may be needed in some schools. 5. a. since students will always need a human teacherb. the benefit ai brings is far beyond my own classroomc. i think ai is a powerful assistant to my future classroomd. the need for teachers to learn how to use ai will also growe. although human connection may never be able to be fully replaced by aif. this could be an opportunity for students everywhere to receive equal educationg. they must observe and get to know their students in order to individualize educational plans【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。作者认为在教育领域人工智能虽然不能完全取代老师, 但是能帮助老师提升教学效果, 并从课内、课外两方面举例说明了人工智能的优势。1. 【解析】选e。 空格位于首段段尾, 并且是半句题。后半句句意: 与我自己单独工作相比, 人工智能也有一些方面能产生更快更有效的作用。从“other ways(其他一些方面)”可知前面已经提到与其形成对比的另一方面, 这个句子应该表达的是转折让步关系。浏览选项, 只有选项e中的although可表达让步关系。选项e中的human connection又在上一句中出现过, 上下语意连贯。故选e。2. 【解析】选g。 空格位于段中, 并且是半句题。由空格后句式是两个并列的简单句并且都是以they must开头, and前还有一个逗号, 可知空格处应该也是一个相似结构的简单句。浏览选项, 选项g也是以they must开头的简单句。故选g。3. 【解析】选c。 空格位于段首, 属于主旨句。由上一段段尾“and now with the help of ai, they could achieve these goals much easier. ”可知, 下面两段要论述的是人工智能如何帮助老师更容易地达到教学目标。再由第三段中的“promote fundamental skills”“such necessary tasks as answering questions and grading assignments(像答疑或批作业这样基础性的工作)”可知, 本段论述的是人工智能在课堂内可以带来的好处和效果。选项c中的“a powerful assistant to my future classroom(未来课堂上的得力助手)”可与其呼应。故选c。4. 【解析】选b。 空格位于段首, 属于主旨句。这一段与第三段是并列关系。由第三段介绍人工智能在课堂内带来的好处可知, 第四段将会论述人工智能在课堂外带来的好处。通过段内的“educational equality around the world(全球的教育公平)”也可知, 本段内容不限于教室内部了。选项b中的“beyond my own classroom(超出了我自己的教室的范围)”可与这个意思呼应。故选b。5. 【解析】选f。 空格位于段尾。由于段首空格是主旨句, 这里空格肯定是细节句。由本段第二句话可知本段谈论的中心是课堂外人工智能能促进教育公平。选项f中“receive equal education” 与其意思一致, 故选f。. 语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。young people 1. (bear) in 1995 or later have another name in englishgeneration z. now entering adulthood and soon to join the workforce, generation z grew up in a special period of time when technology developed fast and the internet became 2. (universe). it 3. (believe) that generation z is the generation that is going to shape our future, 4. is why policy makers are trying 5. (they) best to understand these young people. most people agree that the biggest difference between generation z and other generations is how connected they are. this is a group of people who have been familiar 6. social media as soon as they came to the world. it may be true that generation z-ers have a shorter attention span(持续时间) 7. a goldfish does, but since they grew up among social changes, they are more active in 8. (political). generation z-ers are also culture creators. 9. (grow) up with the internet has freed this generation from traditional cultural expression. these young people never 10. (willing) let their creativity be limited by their parents or traditional rules. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。1995年及以后出生的人被称为z一代, 人们相信随着社会的发展, 他们会迅速成长。1. 【解析】born。 考查非谓语动词。句意: 出生在1995年及以后的人在英语中有另一个名字: z一代。过去分词作后置定语修饰young people。故填born。2. 【解析】universal。 考查形容词。句意: 进入成年后, 很快参加工作, z一代成长在一个特殊的时期, 技术迅速发展, 互联网变得普及。形容词作表语, 故填universal。3. 【解析】is believed。 考查固定句型。it is believed that. . . 人们相信故填is believed。4. 【解析】which。 考查定语从句。句意: 人们相信, “z一代”是塑造我们未来的一代人, 这就是政策制定者正尽最大努力去了解这些年轻人的原因。which指代“generation z is the generation that is going to shape our future”。故填which。5. 【解析】their。 考查代词。根据“policy makers”可知, 此处指复数“他们”; 由try ones best to do sth. “尽力做某事”可知用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。6. 【解析】with。 考查介词。句意: 他们一出生就熟悉社交媒体。be familiar with对熟悉。故填介词with。7. 【解析】than。考查比较级。句意: “z一代”的注意力持续时间可能比金鱼还要短, 但由于他们是在社会变革中成长起来的, 他们在政治上更加活跃。根据文中“shorter”可知句中使用了比较级, 故填than。8. 【解析】politics。考查名词。介词in后应加名词, 故填politics。9. 【解析】growing。 考查非谓语动词。句意: 在互联网的环境下长大, 将这一代人从传统的文化表达中解放了出来。动名词充当主语, 故填growing。10. 【解析】willingly。 考查副词。句意: 这些年轻人从不愿意让他们的创造力受到父母或传统规则的限制。修饰动词let使用副词, 故填willingly。. 阅读理解世纪金榜导学号(2020日照模拟)tablets are really useful devices, but their big screens always make them as a burden to carry around without a bag. wouldnt it be great if there were a phone with the powers of a tablet that could be folded up and fit neatly into the hand? now something like a tablet-shaped but foldable phone is about to become available. in february, the republic of korean electronics company samsung and chinas huawei both launched foldable phones, the galaxy fold and huawei mate x respectively. mobile phone use has entered the “foldable future”, the verge noted. the technology could change our lives in significant ways. these devices, due to their bendable screens, give us the larger screens we want. meanwhile, they still fit easily into the pocket. as usa today noted, theyre “the combination of a small tablet and smartphone, all in a single device”. the technology could change other devices, too. for example, we could make tvs that stick to walls like posters, or fold up easily to hide away in drawers. in crowded modern cities, they will help us to maximize available space. in a keynote address, samsungs senior vice president of mobile product marketing, justin denison, called the foldable screen “the foundation for the smartphone of tomorrow”. “its a blank canvas (画布) for us to do something beautiful together. ” he said. so is there nothing to stand in the way of the foldable future? according to tech news website android authority, the necessary displays were difficult to produce. in 2012, nine out of every 10 oled (二极管) screens produced were imperfect. today, that 10 percent rate has been improved to between 50 and 90 percent. however, at present these foldable devices are expensive. for example, the price of huawei mate x is 17, 500 rmb. thats a price that few people will be able to afford. but if the foldable device isnt going to change the world overnight, there is no doubt that it is coming. patrick moorhead, an industry analyst told the verge, “few are debating if foldable or rollable mobile displays are the future of smartphones; the only question is when and by whom. ”【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是“可折叠手机的时代即将到来”。1. what can be the best title for the text? a. screen devices on the market. b. foldable age is arriving. c. possible powers of a tablet. d. foldable screens are imperfect. 【解析】选b。 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句wouldnt it be great if there were a phone with the powers of a tablet that could be folded up and fit neatly into the hand? “如果有一款具有平板电脑功能的手机, 可以折叠起来, 放在手里正合适, 那不是很棒吗? ”和第二段第一句now something like a tablet-shaped but foldable phone is about to become available. “现在, 类似于平板形状的可折叠手机即将问世。”可知本文主题是“可折叠时代即将到来”。故选b。2. what can we learn from justin denisons words? a. the foldable screen has great potential. b. the galaxy fold still has many problems. c. the production of foldable phones will soon increase. d. companies need to work together to develop foldable phones. 【解析】选a。 推理判断题。根据第五段中. . . justin denison, called the foldable screen “the foundation for the smartphone of tomorrow”. “its a blank canvas for us to do something beautiful together. ”“ justin denison称可折叠屏幕是未来智能手机的基础。这是一块空白的画布, 我们可以一起做一些美好的事情。”可知, 我们能从贾斯汀丹尼森的话中了解到“可折叠屏幕具有很大的潜力”。故选a。3. what is the problem with foldable phones at the moment? a. they are easy to break. b. they are inconvenient to carry. c. they are not as useful as expected. d. they are unaffordable for most families. 【解析】选d。 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中however, at present these foldable devices are expensive. for example, the price of huawei mate x is 17, 500 rmb. thats a price that few people will be able to afford. “然而, 目前这些可折叠设备价格昂贵。例如: 华为mate x的价格是17 500元人民币。这是一个很少有人能负担得起的价格。”可知, 目前大多数家庭都买不起可折叠手机。故选d。4. what is the authors attitude towards the future of the foldable screen? a. worried. b. cautious. c. positive. d. unconcerned. 【解析】选c。 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句but if the foldable device isnt going to change the world overnight, there is no doubt that it is coming. “但如果这种可折叠设备不能在一夜之间改变世界, 那么毫无疑问, 它将会到来。”可知, 作者对可折叠屏幕的未来所持的态度是积极的。故选c。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. burden n. 负担2. fold up 折叠, 把折叠起来3. neatly adv. 整齐地4. bendable adj. 可弯曲的5. combination n. 结合6. analyst n. 分析家. 完形填空i have invented robots that crawl through pipes to inspect them for damage. two of my 1 allow cars to be used as power plants on wheels. i 2 building things when i was a kid. it wasnt until i learned about thomas edison, though, that i really became 3 about inventing. when i was in the fourth grade, our teacher gave us a 4. we had to write to a company and learn about the products it made. each student would then give a report in front of the class. thomas a. edison company was the priority on my 5. soon after i wrote to the company, our mailman 6 a package to me. it contained a book about the life of thomas edison. how i 7 reading and rereading about his inventions! the ones that 8 me most were movie cameras, sound recorders and the electric light. edison became my hero. my dad noticed my passion for inventing and inspired me. he showed me how to turn my ideas into plans and 9 into new things. to