英语动词讲解

.,1,动词,.,2,实义动词,系动词,助动词,情态动词,.,3,（一）实义动词,_本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。Ilikethebook.2._自身意思完整，无需接宾语。Birdscanfly.,及物动词,不及物动词,.,4,1动词+宾语IlikeEnglishverymuch.2动词+宾语+宾补Wepainttheshelfpink.加名词作宾补的词有:call,choose,consider,elect,make,name,3.动词+间接宾语+直接宾语V+sbsthV+sthfor/tosb,及物动词,.,5,1）动词+宾语+不定式(todo)（宾补）adviseallowcauseenableencouragefindforbidforcewishinviteorderpermitpersuaderemindtellwarnexpectwish,.,6,一have,let和make,此三动词是使役，使用它们要仔细，后接“宾补”略去“to”一感feel,二听hear,listento,三让have,let,make,四看see,lookat,observe,watch,2）动词+宾语+省略to的不定式（宾补）,.,7,口诀：不定式作宾语补足语时省to的动词【速记口诀】一感，二听，三让，四看，半帮助【妙语诠释】一感：feel；二听：hear,listento；三让：make，let，have；四看：see，notice，watch，observe；半帮助：help,.,8,colour,keep,find,get,leave,make,paint,cutEg:Pleasecolouritred.Ifinditinteresting.,3）动词+adj(做补语),.,9,get/leave/keep/set/catch/havesb.doing;see/find/watch/feel/hear/listento/discoversb.doing如:他让我等了整整一上午。Hekeptmewaitingthewholemorning.,4）动词加现在分词做补语,.,10,过去分词作宾补时，常见的词有have,get,makehavesthdoneEg:我理发了。Ihavehadmyhaircut.我让别人明白了。Imademyselfheard.,5）动词加过去分词（补语）,.,11,口诀：能接不定式，又能接动名词，但意思不同的动词或词组：forget,goon,mean,remember,stop,try，regret,巧记，即四记力争不后悔。四记指(记得/记住；忘记；计划/打算；继续)；力争指try；不后悔指stopregretting-stop与regret。,.,12,bring,hand,lend,mail,offer,owe,passpost,read,return,send,sell,show,take,teach,tell,throw,write,V+直宾或间宾,+sb+sth/sthtosb,.,13,book,buy,choosecook,draw,fetchfind,fix,getmake,order,pickpreparesavesingsparesteal,V+直宾或间宾,+sbsth/sthforsb,.,14,1.没有被动形式，如happen,occur,rise,lie,die,不及物动词,2.主动表示被动的词动词+(well,poorly,easily)sell,wash,burn,cook,cut,drive,dress,play,last,open,write,start,run,read,operate,break,measure,weigh1.Drywoodburnseasily.2.Theclothwasheswell.,.,15,他跑的快。Herunsfast.他经营一家工厂。Herunsafactory.Eg:study，fly，run,change,既作及物又作不及物动词的词,.,16,1.Shelookedforwardeveryspringto_theflower-linedgarden.A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin2.Iwouldappreciate_backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.yourecalling3.Thedayhehaslookedforwardto_atlast.A.comingB.cameC.comeD.comes4.MrSmithwarnedherson_afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive5.Shepretended_mewhenIpassedby.A.nottoseeB.notseeingC.tonotseeD.havingnotseen,D,C,B,Exercise,A,A,.,17,常见的连系动词有：be,become,turn,get,grow,keep,feel,look,seem,smell,turn,fall等。它们都表示状态的渐变或保持不变，以及表示感觉。后面接形容词构成系表结构。Eg：Pleasekeeptheclassroomclean.Thebreadlooksveryfresh.Hisplansoundedpractical.,（二）系动词,本身有意义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语。,.,18,状态变化系动词,go,come,turn,grow,fall,getbecome,.,19,1.Theweatherwill_hotforanothertwoweeks.A.lastB.remainC.getD.turn2.Thehotweatherwill_anothertwodays.A.lastB.remainC.getD.turn3.Thebossmadethem_12hoursaday.A.workB.toworkC.workedD.working4.Theyweremade_12hoursaday.A.workB.toworkC.workedD.working,B,A,A,B,Exercise,.,20,5.-Haveyougotaticketfortheconcert?-No,thetickets_wellandthey_outlastweek.A.sell;weresoldB.sell;soldC.sell;havebeensoldD.aresell;sold,A,6.Dontgetthatinkonyourwhiteshirtforit_.A.wontwashoutB.doesntwashawayCisntwashingoutD.hasntwashedaway7.Theytriedtogetthecar_,butitwont_.A.started;startB.tostart;startC.started;startedD.tostart;tostart,A,A,.,21,助动词是“辅助性”动词，一般没有词义，不能单独作谓语，但可用来帮助构成谓语，表示不同的时态，语态，和数的变化。常见的助动词有：（1）be(am,is,are,was,were,being,been)与现在分词结合构成各种进行时态，或与过去分词结合构成被动语态。Eg:Imlookingformypen.（现在进行时）Whatwereyoudoingatthistimeyesterday?(过去进行时)ThesecupsaremadeinChina.（被动语态）,（三）助动词,.,22,（2）have(has,had,having)与过去分词结合构成完成时。Eg:Theyhaveknowneachotherfortwentyyears.（现在完成时）Hehadbuiltachemistrylabforhimselfattheageoften.（过去完成时）（3）助动词do(does,did)后只能跟动词原形，与not及其他动词结合构成否定句，或置于主语之前构成疑问句。Eg:HedoesnotspeakEnglish.Whendidhecomeback?,.,23,（4）will(would),shall(should)：will能用于一般将来时的任何人称后；would是will的过去时，能用于过去将来时；两者后面都接动词原形。Eg:Theplanewillarriveintenminutes.飞机十分中后将要到达。Iwassurethatwewouldwin.我确信用我们会赢。shall与should这两个助动词本身没有词义，shall只能用于一般将来时的第一人称后；should是shall的过去时，只能用于过去将来时的第一人称后；两者后面都接动词原形。Eg:Weshallmeetattheschoolgatetomorrow.我们明天将在校门口见。ItoldthemthatIshoulddotheworkalone.我告诉他们我将独自做那项工作。,.,24,情态动词在英文中是“辅助性”动词，用来表示说话人的语气或情态，包括请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等。情态动词本身有词义，但词义不完全，不能单独用作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，且后面只跟动词原形。情态动词的种类：,（四）情态动词,.,25,canthelpbutdo=cantbutdo=havetodoIcanthelpbuttellhimthetruth.1.-Iusuallygotherebytrain.-Whynot_byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing2.-Thelightintheofficeisstillon.-Oh,Iforgot_.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff,D,C,.,26,1)can的主要用法是：A._：Thegirlcandanceverywell.B._：Canthenewsbetrue?C._:CanIsithere?,can,-IbelievethemanisfromEngland.-ButImaybewrong.Theguestmayarrivethisafternoon,表示猜测,答语避免使用may，以免显得太严肃或太不客气,.,33,Theroadmaybeblocked.这条路可能不通了。Theroadcanbeblocked.这条路可能会是不通的。在疑问句中，表示可能性用can。如：Wherecanhebe?他会在哪呢？,可能性从大到小:must.cancouldmaymight,.,34,C._Mayyousucceed!Mayyouhaveagoodjourney!,表示祝愿;语气较正式:,多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和允许。,也可以表示现在的可能性，但是比may表示的可能性更小，且might可以用于虚拟语气，may不可以。,might的用法有:Shesaidthathemighttakeherbike.她说他可以拿她的自行车去用。Youmightgetsomehelpfromherifshewerehere.,.,35,1).Iwilltellyousomethingimportant.我将要告诉你一些重要的事。,willwouldntB.May;hadbetternotC.Must;mustntD.Need;mustnt,B,.,44,2.-WhereisEmma?-Icantsayforsurewheresheis,butshe_beoutshopping.A.canB.shouldC.mustD.may,D,.,45,3.Theroomisinaterriblemess;it_cleaned.A.canthavebeenB.couldntbeC.mayhavebeenD.wouldbe,A,.,46,4.How_yousaythatyoureallyunderstandthewholestoryifyouhavecoveredonlypartofthearticle?A.canB.mustC.needD.may,A,.,47,5.Whatdoesthesignoverthereread?“Noperson_smokeorcarryalightedcigarette,cigarorpipeinthisareas.”A.WillB.mayC.shallD.must,C,.,48,6.HasMr.TomWhitearrived?Yes,already_hewaitoutsideorjustcomein?ShallB.MayC.CouldD.Must,A,.,49,7.-JanehasjustcomebackfromChinaandshelookshappy.-She_hertripverymuch.mustenjoyB.musthaveenjoyedC.mayenjoyDshouldhaveenjoyed,B,.,50,8.Theterribleaccidentisunderinvestigation.Actually,quickeraction_thoseworkerstrappedinthemine.A.mighthavesavedB.musthavesavedC.shouldhavesavedD.couldhavesaved,D,.,51,9.Hechosetoteachinawesternprovince,thoughhe_inthecityforabetterlife.couldstayB.wouldstayC.couldhavestayedD.hadstayed,C,10.We_hereatlunchtime;weweredelayedattheairport,though.A.couldbeB.shouldbeC.musthavebeenD.wouldhavebeen,D,.,52,11.HowIwishI_mymouthbeforeIshoutedatmyum!A.shutB.haveshutC.hadshutD.wouldshut,C,12.Wemustapplywhatwehavelearnttoourdailyworkbecauseinnocase_frompractice.shouldtheoryseparateB.shouldtheorybeseparatedC.theoryshouldseparateD.theoryshouldbeseparated,B,.,53,13.Whohasmadeamessinmyroom?Whoelse_itbutyournaughtyson?A.coulddoB.couldhavedoneC.shoulddoD.Shouldhavedone,B,14.Itsreallyawonderthatallthepassengersonboard_whiletheplaneitselfsankintothefreezingHudsonRiverinNewYork.musthavebeensavedshouldhavebeensavedwouldbesavedD.mightbesaved,B,.,54,15.You_lateforyesterdayclassmeeting,asitwassoimportant.couldntbeB.shouldntbeC.mustnthavebeenD.oughtnttohavebeen,16.Butforyourtimelywarning,we_intogreattrouble.Youknowwerefriends.wouldgetB.musthavegotC.wouldhavegotD.canthavegot,D,C,.,55,1)insist2)order,command4)advise,suggest,propose,recommend4)demand,ask,require,request1.Heorderedthatwe(should)leaveatonce.2.Hisorderthatwe(should)leaveatoncewasright.,延伸1：接虚拟语气的词,.,56,3.Heinsistedthathisbrother_there.A.goB.wentC.goingD.togo4.Heinsistedthathe_nothingwrongand_setfree.A.do;beB.haddone;wasC.haddone;beD.did;was5.Hisvoicesuggestedthathe_angry.A.isB.beC.wasD.were6.Hesuggestedthattheboy_senttohospitalatonce.A.wasB.beC.isD.were,A,C,C,B,.,57,口诀：一坚持，二命令，三建议，四要求其宾语从句用“should+动词原形”，should既可以省略，should也可以保留。一坚持，即insist；二命令，即order,command；三建议，即suggest,propose,advise；四要求，即ask,demand,require,request。,.,58,go,come,leave,start,return,arrive,stop,finish,borrow,lend,open,close,die,become,break,join,kill,marry,graduate,buymarry-bemarriedseat-beseatedhide-behiddenengage-beengageddie-bedeadbegin-beonjoin-beinborrow-keepcome-be/stayleave-beawaybuy-have=havegot,延伸2：瞬间非延续性动词,.,59,1.Hediedtenyearsago,thatstosay,hehas_fortenyears.A.beendiedB.beendeadC.diedD.beendying2.WhenJackarrivedhelearnedMary_foralmostanhour.A.hadgoneB.hadsetoffC.hadleftD.hadbeenaway,B,D,.,60,HeisleavingforBeijingtomorrow.Theboyissosickthatheisdyingfast.Thebusiscoming.Thetrainisleaving.,.,61,int